Policy Implementation of Community-Led Total Sanitation
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14738/aivp.92.10009Keywords:
Sanitation, Community-Led Total Sanitation, Stop Open Defecation, Policy Implementation, Bandung DistrictAbstract
The purpose of this study was to analyze the implementation of the Community-Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) Program in Bandung Regency which has been implemented. This research uses qualitative research methods by analyzing documents, according to the specified research topic, including examining journal article sources, book sources, program policy sources from documents, and conducting interviews with informants focused on finding information guided by relevant documents for research. Findings from the Community-Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) program research show that this Open Defecation Stop begins with facilitator training to community health center sanitarians by the Health Office. The follow-up after the training is carrying out triggering activities, namely stopping open defecation. Implemented with a focus on changing the behavior of each individual in the community not to defecate in the open, followed by utilizing sanitary facilities, namely healthy latrines. Triggering is carried out so that people change attitudes and behavior, from defecating in the open to stop open defecation. The results of the triggering must be monitored to ensure that the community starts taking follow-up actions after the triggering.
References
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[11] A. Sinha et al., “Assessing patterns and determinants of latrine use in rural settings: A longitudinal study in Odisha, India,” Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health, 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2017.05.004.
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[14] Syarifuddin, Bachri Ahmad Alim and S. Arifin, “Kajian Efektivitas Program Sanitasi Total Berbasis Masyarakat,” J. Berk. Kesehat., 2017.
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[18] M. S. Muaja, O. R. Pinontoan, and O. J. Sumampouw, “Peran Pemeritah dalam Implementasi Program Sanitasi Total Berbasis Masyarakat Stop Buang Air Besar Sembarangan,” Indones. J. Public Heal. Community Med., 2020.
[19] N. Makotsi, D. Kaseje, J. Mumma, and J. Opiyo, “Association of Community Led Total Sanitation to Reduced Household Morbidity in Nyando District,” Int. J. Sci. Basic Aplied Res., 2016.
[20] D. S. Van Meter and C. E. Van Horn, “The Policy Implementation Process: A Conceptual Framework,” Adm. Soc., 1975, doi: 10.1177/009539977500600404.
[21] J. Hammer and D. Spears, “Village Sanitation and Children’s Human Capital: Evidence from a Randomized Experiment by the Maharashtra Government,” 2013.
[22] L. Cameron, S. Olivia, and M. Shah, “Scaling up sanitation: Evidence from an RCT in Indonesia,” J. Dev. Econ., 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2018.12.001.
[23] K. Kar and R. Chambers, Handbook on Community-Led Total Sanitation. 2008.
[24] S. Rukuni, “Challenging mindsets: CLTS and government policy in Zimbabwe,” Particip. Learn. Action, 2010.
[25] E. Ostrom, “Background on the Institutional Analysis and Development Framework,” Policy Stud. J., 2011, doi: 10.1111/j.1541-0072.2010.00394.x.
[26] E. Ostrom, Governing the commons: The evolution of institutions for collective action. 2015.
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[28] S. Bromley, “The Politics of Postmodernism,” Cap. Cl., 1991, doi: 10.1177/030981689104500107.
[29] R. Plummer and D. Armitage, “A resilience-based framework for evaluating adaptive co-management: Linking ecology, economics and society in a complex world,” Ecol. Econ., 2007, doi: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2006.09.025.
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[31] T. R. Dye, “Understanding Public Policy,” Understanding Public Policy. 2017.
[32] T. Dye, “The Policy Formulation Process,” in Top Down Policymaking, 2014.
[33] C. Folke, C. Fabricius, G. Cundill, and L. Schulze, “Communities, ecosystems and livelihoods,” Ecosyst. Hum. well-being multiscale assessments, 2005, doi: 10.1080/00220389908422619.
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[35] D. Armitage, “Governance and the Commons in a Multi-Level World,” Int. J. Commons, 2007, doi: 10.18352/bmgn-lchr.28.
[36] B. I. Crona and J. N. Parker, “Learning in support of governance: Theories, methods, and a framework to assess how bridging organizations contribute to adaptive resource governance,” Ecol. Soc., 2012, doi: 10.5751/ES-04534-170132.
[37] W. Budi, Kebijakan Publik (Teori, Proses, dan Studi Kasus). 2014.
[38] J. Sutton and Z. Austin, “Qualitative Research Data Collection,” Can. J., 2015.
[39] J. Aronson, “A Pragmatic View of Thematic Analysis,” Qual. Rep., 1995, doi: 10.46743/2160-3715/1995.2069.
[40] D. L. Morgan, “Paradigms Lost and Pragmatism Regained: Methodological Implications of Combining Qualitative and Quantitative Methods,” J. Mix. Methods Res., 2007, doi: 10.1177/2345678906292462.
[41] J. Creswell, “Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches,” in Research design, 2013.
[42] A. F. Rodgers, L. A. Ajono, J. O. Gyapong, M. Hagan, and P. M. Emerson, “Characteristics of latrine promotion participants and non-participants; inspection of latrines; and perceptions of household latrines in Northern Ghana,” Trop. Med. Int. Heal., 2007, doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2007.01848.x.
[43] B. Augsburg, B. Caeyers, and B. Malde, Can Micro-Credit Support Public Health Subsidy Programs? 2019.
[44] A. B. Banful, “Old Problems in the New Solutions? Politically Motivated Allocation of Program Benefits and the ‘ New’ Fertilizer Subsidies,” World Dev., 2011, doi: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2010.11.004.
[45] J. V. Garn et al., “The impact of sanitation interventions on latrine coverage and latrine use: A systematic review and meta-analysis,” International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health. 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2016.10.001.
[46] A. J. Pickering, H. Djebbari, C. Lopez, M. Coulibaly, and M. L. Alzua, “Effect of a community-led sanitation intervention on child diarrhoea and child growth in rural Mali: A cluster-randomised controlled trial,” Lancet Glob. Heal., 2015, doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(15)00144-8.
[47] S. Cha et al., “Benefits and costs of a community-led total sanitation intervention in rural Ethiopia—A trial-based ex post economic evaluation,” Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 2020, doi: 10.3390/ijerph17145068.
[48] K. A. O’Connell and J. Devine, “Who is likely to own a latrine in rural areas? Findings from formative research studies,” Waterlines, 2015, doi: 10.3362/1756-3488.2015.029.
[49] N. R. Makarao, “IMPLEMENTASI PPK-BLUD PUSKESMAS (STUDI KASUS DI UPTD PELAYAN KESEHATAN KATAPANG),” 2017.
[50] J. Crocker, E. Abodoo, D. Asamani, W. Domapielle, B. Gyapong, and J. Bartram, “Impact Evaluation of Training Natural Leaders during a Community-Led Total Sanitation Intervention: A Cluster-Randomized Field Trial in Ghana,” Environ. Sci. Technol., 2016, doi: 10.1021/acs.est.6b01557.
[51] D. I. Galan, S. S. Kim, and J. P. Graham, “Exploring changes in open defecation prevalence in sub-Saharan Africa based on national level indices,” BMC Public Health, 2013, doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-527.
[52] D. Coffey, D. Spears, and S. Vyas, “Switching to sanitation: Understanding latrine adoption in a representative panel of rural Indian households,” Soc. Sci. Med., 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.07.001.
[53] J. Crocker, D. Saywell, K. F. Shields, P. Kolsky, and J. Bartram, “The true costs of participatory sanitation: Evidence from community-led total sanitation studies in Ghana and Ethiopia,” Sci. Total Environ., 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.05.279.
[54] R. L. Daft, Management. 2008.
[55] T. J. Scheff, “Shame and the social bond: A sociological theory,” Sociol. Theory, 2000, doi: 10.1111/0735-2751.00089.
[56] B. Gummer, “Managing Organizational Cultures:,” Adm. Soc. Work, 1990, doi: 10.1300/j147v14n01_09.
[57] B. Gummer, “Organizational identity in a changing environment: When is a change a transformation?,” Adm. Soc. Work, 1997, doi: 10.1300/J147v21n03_09.
[58] C. H. Cooley, Human nature and the social order. 2017.
[59] C. Ansell and A. Gash, “Collaborative platforms as a governance strategy,” J. Public Adm. Res. Theory, 2018, doi: 10.1093/jopart/mux030.
[60] L. Mehta and L. Mehta, “Community-Led Total Sanitation and Its Potential to Realize the Right to Sanitation,” in The Right to Sanitation in India, 2019.
[61] F. Alemu, A. Kumie, G. Medhin, T. Gebre, and P. Godfrey, “A socio-ecological analysis of barriers to the adoption, sustainablity and consistent use of sanitation facilities in rural Ethiopia,” BMC Public Health, 2017, doi: 10.1186/s12889-017-4717-6.
[62] J. Devine and C. Sijbesma, “Sustainability of rural sanitation marketing in Vietnam: Findings from a new case study,” Waterlines, 2011, doi: 10.3362/1756-3488.2011.005.
[63] D. Ahmadi, K. Sinclair, H. Melgar-Quinonez, and P. Cortbaoui, “Water access, women’s empowerment, sanitation and children’s anthropometric status: A study of Ethiopian mothers with children under five,” WIT Trans. Ecol. Environ., 2017, doi: 10.2495/WRM17161.
[64] H. Hajibabaei, H. Sadeghi Soghdel, S. Faraji Dizaji, and A. Ahmadi, “Health Expenditures in Developing Countries: Determinants and Guidelines,” J. Res. Heal., 2020, doi: 10.32598/jrh.10.4.1411.1.
[65] K. Riahi et al., “The Shared Socioeconomic Pathways and their energy, land use, and greenhouse gas emissions implications: An overview,” Glob. Environ. Chang., 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2016.05.009.
[66] S. KC and W. Lutz, “The human core of the shared socioeconomic pathways: Population scenarios by age, sex and level of education for all countries to 2100,” Glob. Environ. Chang., 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2014.06.004.
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2021-04-19
How to Cite
Harom, S., Arifianti, R., & Alexandri, M. B. (2021). Policy Implementation of Community-Led Total Sanitation. European Journal of Applied Sciences, 9(2), 252–264. https://doi.org/10.14738/aivp.92.10009
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