European Journal of Applied Sciences

Recycling Wind Turbine Systems with Subcritical Nuclear Power Systems

Florent Pirot, Julia Kieslinger, Claire Lavin — Thu, 27 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Prospect of Developed Graphite-Resin Electrodes for the Electro-Adsorption Treatment of Water and Wastewater

Thu, 10 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0100

The relationship between the structure of graphite electrodes and the electro-adsorption treatment process of water purification is not well documented. This paper examines the structure and other properties along with the estimated cost of graphite electrodes. Both non heat-treated graphite-resin electrodes and commercially available heat-treated graphite electrodes were considered. The study characterized the structure of these electrodes and their prospect as materials for electro-adsorption treatment of water and wastewater. The study revealed that there was no significant difference between the selected properties of the developed graphite-resin non heat-treated electrodes and commercial heat-treated graphite electrodes at a 95 % confidence level (F _1,8= 0.00067 and p = 0.97999). Pores observed on the surfaces of the two electrodes are similar in shape but vary in number and sizes. It was concluded that the two electrodes were similar in structure however the prospect of the developed non heat-treated graphite-resin electrode for electro-adsorption treatment of wastewater is deemed to be higher based on its lower electrical resistance, low cost of production and availability of pores for adsorption.

A Solution to the Fiat Currency Problem: Uranium and Thorium Coins

Florent Pirot, Claire Lavin — Sat, 22 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Ludwig von Mises' concept of "barter-fiction," a theoretical market in which transactions occur through direct exchange, could potentially become feasible with the introduction of uranium and thorium-based currency. These currencies, containing energy in the form of nuclear fission, could replace fiat money by being used for a wide range of practical applications, from powering cars and homes to facilitating public services. Uranium and thorium have high energy density and produce low gamma radiation, making them suitable for use as money, with the added benefit of being traceable via gamma spectrometry to prevent contamination, such as from plutonium. In these systems, the coins could act as sources of nuclear fuel, facilitating energy production via subcritical reactors that utilize both fast and slow neutrons. Proper safeguards, including plastic shielding, would be necessary to ensure safety and prevent misuse, such as the addition of harmful materials like crematory plutonium. This nuclear-based monetary system could potentially replace fiat money, which suffers from inflation and instability. The use of uranium and thorium coins would encourage responsible mining and land use, aligning monetary creation with tangible resources. Banks, potentially also mining operators, could issue these currencies responsibly, limiting supply and ensuring value creation through work, unlike fiat money, which is often inflated irresponsibly. This system would discourage the creation of harmful or inefficient materials, such as sodium-mash bombs, which would have limited military applications. In a world where the market values uranium and thorium more than fiat money, the financial landscape would shift toward more sustainable, accountable forms of currency.

Impact of Sawmill Activities on Ambient Air Quality of Udu Area of Delta State, Nigeria

Edjere Oghenekohwiroro, Mene Enaike Elohor, Asibor Godwin, Bassey Uwem — Wed, 16 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0100

This study was set out to assess the impact of sawmill activities on ambient air quality in Udu Area of Delta State, Nigeria. The findings was achieved by monitoring and quantification of Nitrogen oxides (NO_X), Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC), Sulphur Oxides (SO_X), Carbon monoxide (CO), Suspended Particulate Matter (PM), Wind Speed and Wind Direction in and around settlements close to the Udu river during wet and dry season. The air quality status of the sampled areas was analyzed using Aero Qual series 500, MetOne Inst. (Aerocet 531S). Concentrations of pollutants analyzed were in the ranges for wet season; PM_2.5(15.80-74.0 µg/m³), PM₁₀ (37.90-103.4µg/m³). Other results in (ppm) CO (0.01-0.47), CO₂ (322-435.40). Dry season; (20.08-92.6 µg/m³) for PM_2.5, PM₁₀ (43.96-133.08µg/m³). Other results in (ppm) CO (0.01-0.78), CO₂ (353-559.40). The air quality Index (AQI) ratings of the obtained results showed rating from Good to unhealthy for wet season and Good , moderate and unhealthy for dry season. There is need for a routine monitoring of the air quality in the study area to ensure safe.

Characterization of Periwinkle Shell Powder as a Possible Replacement for Asbestos in the Production of Automotive Disc Brake Linings

Seckley Emmanuel Mawuli, Simons Anthony, Dahunsi Olurotimi Akintunde — Sat, 22 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study investigates the potential of Periwinkle Shell (PS) powder as a substitute for asbestos in friction lining materials, given the carcinogenic nature of asbestos. Periwinkle, a small univalve gastropod mollusk, specifically Tympanotonos fuscatus (commonly called the West African Mud Creeper), is explored for its suitability in industries like construction and brake pad manufacturing. However, there is limited research on the properties of periwinkle shell. To address this gap, the study characterizes the PS powder using a range of tests, including mechanical testing, X-ray Diffraction (XRD), X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), Differential Scanning Calorimetry-Thermogravimetric Analysis (DSC-TGA), and Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). The findings show that the density of PS powder (1.316 g/cm³ for untapped bulk density and 1.718 g/cm³ for dry bulk density) is lower than that of asbestos, which has a density of 2.22 g/cm³. Additionally, the chemical and mineralogical compositions of PS powder are similar to asbestos, both containing silica, calcite, anhydrite, and quartz, as indicated by the presence of SiO₂, CaO, MgO, and Al₂O₃. In terms of thermal stability, PS powder exhibits comparable properties to asbestos, with a peak degradation temperature of 745.88 °C and a total weight loss of 16 % for PS powder, versus 700 °C and 11 % weight loss for asbestos. These results suggest that PS powder could be a viable alternative to asbestos in automotive friction lining materials.

Mechanical Milling and Comprehensive Characterization of Dysprosium Oxide-Hematite Magnetic Ceramic Nanostructures

Wed, 16 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0100

Magnetic ceramic nanostructures of the type xDy2O3-(1-x)alpha-Fe2O3 (x=0.1 and 0.5) were synthesized by mechanochemical activation for ball milling times of 0, 2, 4, 8 and 12 hours. The 0-h Mӧssbauer spectrum was analyzed with a sextet characteristic to hematite. A second sextet for x=0.5 and a second and third sextet for x=0.1, with lower values of the hyperfine magnetic field, were assigned to dysprosium-doped hematite. An additional quadrupole-split doublet, whose relative abundance increased with the ball milling time and molar concentration, was assigned to superparamagnetic dysprosium iron perovskite (dysprosium orthoferrite) phase. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns for the molar concentration x=0.5 showed the presence of DyFeO3 peaks after 12 h of milling. The hysteresis loops recorded at 5 K and an applied magnetic field of 5 T exhibited coercive fields that increased with ball milling time, while the hysteresis loops at 300 K were consistent with a strong paramagnetic component. The zero-field-cooling-field-cooling (ZFC-FC) measurements performed at 200 Oe and 5-300 K showed the effect of milling time on the Morin transition of hematite. The optical diffuse reflectance spectra showed that the samples were semiconductors with a band gap of ~2.1 eV.

Fuxi Model Precipitation Forecast Correction Algorithm Based on Matrix Transformation

Gao Hua, Bao Dongling, Zheng Zuofang — Thu, 13 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

A precipitation area correction model is designed by using the ideas of matrix rotation and matrix translation. The errors of the precipitation forecasts of the Fuxi large - scale model are statistically learned, and the precipitation area deviation is corrected according to the statistical values. The test results show that the precipitation area error after correction is reduced by 2% compared with that before correction, and the deviation is reduced by 1%.

Mechanical Design Criteria of a Six-D.o.F Retractor Equipped with an Interlock Mechanism for Locking and Releasing all Joints

Toshihiro Yukawa, Hiroki Sato, Youichi Takeda, Jun Sasaki — Mon, 07 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0100

In this paper, we describe a new type of assist fixator (arm), which is a surgical instrument developed as an abdominal retractor during surgery. The developed fixator as the instrument can increase the efficiency of retraction function during surgery. As for the conventional retractor, the amount of rotation of the knob required for fixing and loosening was large, the number of the knob was many, and it took time to operate. To overcome these problems, we propose an assistance mechanism in which a six-D.o.F has high controllability at the end-effector. The whole mechanism of the assist arm consists of a serial four-link with three joints, and each joint is composed of a universal gear mechanism. The assist arm can maintain the posture and hold a part of a person's body on the operation table.

The Achievements of Morocco Following the Joint Organization of the 2030 FIFA World Cup with Spain and Portugal

Dr. Rafik El Kiasse — Sat, 22 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The joint organization of the 2030 FIFA World Cup between Morocco, Spain, and Portugal represents a major opportunity for Morocco’s economic, social, and infrastructural development. This article examines the country's main achievements, particularly in terms of infrastructure investments, tourism development, sports diplomacy, and socio-economic impact. Through an in-depth analysis of available data and case studies, we highlight the direct and indirect benefits of this event for Morocco. Additionally, we use the 2010 FIFA World Cup hosted by South Africa as a case study to predict the impact of the 2030 tournament.

Comparative Study on the Genetics Importance of Onion (Allium cepa) Cell Division under Salt Stress

Ioan Gontariu, Paraschiva-Alexandra Pelinari, Elena-Iulia Iorgu, Dan Hoffman — Thu, 10 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0100

Genetic material is the most important component in the structure of a cell as it contains genetic information which all along the cell division must be correctly distributed and propagated in the next generations, this process being faultless. Thus, genetic material is compressed and stocked with the help of some histone and non-histone proteins, forming the chromosomes. The species of the Allium genus have got a variety of cytogenetic characteristics, genomes of different sizes, karyotypes with a different number of chromosomes and polyploidies. Within this type, there are significant genome variations due to the activity of DNA sequences which can change their place in the genome. The main factors influencing these factors are the transposable elements, these ones playing an important role in genome evolution due to the link between their high number and the chromosome size wherein they move to, with the help of which they form control and elimination mechanisms.

Exploring Synergies: The Benefits of Maize - Legume Intercropping Systems in Eastern Uganda

Thu, 13 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The study was carried out to investigate the agronomic and economic benefits of intercropping maize (Mz) with legumes. The experiment was arranged in RCBD with three replications during 2023 and 2024. The 8 treatments were conventional Mz (75 x 30cm), paired row (PR) Mz (100/50 x 30cm), 3 PR maize + 2 rows of each of groundnuts (Gn), soybeans (Sb) and beans (Bn) plus 3 pure legumes at 40x 10 cm. Results in 2023 and 2024 showed that PR maize + legumes significantly (P>0.05) increased maize plant height in both seasons, but the cobs per plant, 1000 seed weight and maize grain yield were not significant. During 2023, significant reductions were recorded in pods per plant (PP) and filled pods per plant (FPP). Percent filled pods (PFP) increased under Sb and reduced for Bn but was not significant for Gn. In 2024 the PP and FPP reduced for the intercrops while PFP were not significant. Height for the intercrops increased during 2023 and it raised only for Gn and soybeans in 2024. Legume intercrops yields declined during 2023 and 2024. The Partial land equivalent ratio (pLER) of Mz were less than unity during both seasons and Sb similarly recorded a low pLER during 2023 but a high pLER was recorded in 2024. Combined LER (cLER) for Mz and intercrops were significant (P>0.001) for groundnuts during both seasons. Mz/Gn recorded higher MAI & MEY during 2023 while Mz + Bn and Mz + Sb had low values. Mz/Gn produced high TMGYE during 2023 and the other treatments were low. Higher Aggresivity (A) was recorded under Mz/Gn during 2023 and 2024 with low A under Mz/Sb and Mz/Bn in 2024. The results indicate that Mz + Gn had higher synergies amongst the cropping combinations and recommended.

Did Gandhi Never Exist? or: Can You Defend Yourself to Death?

Manfred Doepp — Mon, 07 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0100

War has become acceptable again. People are talking about it as a different form of politics, as if the wars of the past decades had not brought death and misery to many populations. And as if a nuclear war would not mean the annihilation of entire peoples. This is based on a friend-enemy mentality. Alongside Jesus the Christ, it was above all Mahatma Gandhi who contradicted this. He not only called for non-violent resistance, but was also successful in South Africa and India. Passive social resistance can checkmate an aggressor or dominator, as this implies cultural superiority. If we want to maintain our civilizational status, we urgently need to return to Gandhi.

Influence of Parental Deprivation on Conduct Disorders among Children from Public Primary Schools in Masaba South, Kisii County, Kenya

Thu, 27 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Parental absence which is termed parental deprivation associated negatively with the social and mental development and growth of children which has short-term and long-term effects on the mental conditions of children (Mao, 2020) [31]. The current study aimed to determine parental deprivation's influence on conduct disorder among children in public primary schools in Masaba South, Kisii, Kenya. The research employed a correlation and cross-section study design approach, combining qualitative interviews and focus group discussions. A sample of 324 participated in the study. The results were Parental living status significantly influenced anxious or depressed scores among children. Children whose parents lived together exhibited a significant decrease of 4.7 units in anxious/depressed scores (β = -4.7, 95% CI [-5.2, -4.2], p < .001) while Children with separated parents showed a significant increase of 2.9 units in these scores (β = 2.9, 95% CI [2.2, 3.6], p < .001). The study revealed a clear link between parental deprivation and conduct disorders. The study demonstrated the need for comprehensive interventions addressing parental deprivation's material and emotional aspects. Recommendations include strengthening social safety nets, enhancing educational resources, promoting positive parenting practices, and addressing economic inequalities. Future research should explore the long-term effects of parental deprivation, the specific mechanisms of its impact on children, and the cultural factors influencing these dynamics.

Methods of a Détoxification Cure, Especially for the Liver

Doepp, Manfred — Tue, 01 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0100

Modern medicine is increasingly learning how to treat serious diseases. The breadth of the therapeutic spectrum is enormous since biologics, antibodies and AI-generated active substances have become more widespread. Unfortunately, this does not change the fact that there are hardly any truly healthy people left. The frequency of seemingly untreatable chronic complaints is increasing. (1) This could be due to the fact that the body's environment is deteriorating as a result of toxins of all kinds and an increasingly unnatural diet. It therefore makes sense to review and improve lifestyle, preferably by means of a detoxification cure. This primarily involves strengthening the liver.

Innovative Method of Carrying Out Coastal Protection Works: Monitoring Coastal Risks and Soft Solutions in Benin

Tue, 01 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0100

Coastal erosion is a phenomenon of natural or anthropogenic origin that affects many coastal regions around the world. In response to its worsening over time, adaptation strategies have been developed: construction of dikes, operations to re-silt beaches, rock structures, etc. Among these strategies, the establishment of sand dunes is a territorial entity which fluctuates in space and time depending on natural (tide, erosion, sedimentation, etc.) and human factors (dams, etc.). The Beninese dune cord in the sector of the mouth of the Mono River in the commune of Grand Popo is in a state of lamentable degradation: due to anthropogenic pressure, mainly through urbanization, tourism, illegal sand extraction and even all the agricultural activities practiced in the area, something which has favored wind erosion and the invasion of the Mono River by sand. Faced with this alarming situation, the French Fund for the Global Environment (FFEM) initiated a project “Soft solutions and monitoring of coastal risks in Benin” with a view to restoring the dune system in the sector of the mouth of the Mono River in the commune of Grand Popo to safeguard the ecological and ecosystem role of this area. The objective of this work is to consolidate and sustain the advances in coastal observation mechanisms, at the regional and national levels, to influence public policies on the issues of coastal risks and the management of coastal areas but also to initiate a series of field, pilot activities for the implementation of soft solutions for coastal protection. The results obtained concerning the installation of typhavelles and Epis Maltais Savard (SEMS) for fixing mobile dunes at the Grand Popo wetland are very encouraging for the preservation of this site of international importance.

Properties of Clear Coated Spruce (Picea orientalis) and Beech (Fagus orientalis) Woods for Evaluating Outdoor Utilizations

Candan Kus Sahin, Rahim Merdan — Thu, 27 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

It has become an important issue for protecting wood that is not harmful to users, while wooden design elements provide many opportunities and amenity to visitors. Some new types of wood-protecting agents have gained importance due to their low-toxic chemical formulations. The study presents the experimental study on outdoor exposure impact on clear coated of two different of Spruce and Beech wood species. It was found that increasing coating number is usually having positive effects, lowering the water absorption of both spruce and beech woods. The lowest water absorption value of 1.7% found at fifth-time coated beech wood, which shows approximately 97.2% lower than the control sample. However, increasing coating time (durations) was found to have further lowering effects on water absorption for beech wood species. It was found that the three-month duration of weathering was not affected by the surface scratch resistance (hardness) of control spruce and beech woods, while it is usually increasing effects on waterborne varnish-treated samples regardless of treatment conditions. This is clearly indicating physicochemical modification and creating tension on wood surfaces in outdoor conditions. However, weathering significantly affects the surface color and gloss properties of selected wood samples. The increasing coating layer was found to be not affected by improving lightness values for spruce wood. The similar trend was also observed with treatment time up to 3.0 min, and beyond this level, the wood surfaces were found to be lighter (ΔL: + values). Moreover, varnish treatment variables (coating layer and time) were also not any improvement effects found for beech wood. The lowest ΔL value of-9.78 (in metric) was found for sample Be, followed by B4 (ΔL:-9.38) and B5 (ΔL:-9.0), samples, respectively. It is important that the surface total color difference (ΔE) of wood substrates appeared to be well correlated with coating number and time of duration for both spruce and beech woods. It was realized that increasing the coating number is not effective for improving gloss properties for spruce wood, while some variations in glossiness for beech wood could be realized by changing the treatment parameters.

Nematic Phase Transitions in an Assembly of Molecules with a Bent Core

Masahito Hosino — Thu, 27 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Approximately 20 years ago, Hosino and Nakano [1] investigated the phase transitions in an assembly of biaxial molecules that interact via dispersion forces, discovering the existence of one uniaxial and two biaxial nematic phases and disconematic phase in the assembly. Follow-up studies obtained valuable results on the phase transitions in an assembly of biaxial molecules with hard cores [2], chirality [3, 4], and flexibility [5] based on the initially proposed method [1]. In this study, the phase transitions in the assembly of molecules with a bent core were investigated using the same method, demonstrating the occurrence of sequence of transitions between various nematic phases in the system.

The Origination - Mechanism of the Fundamental - Particles into the Planck's - Confinement

Markos Georgallides — Mon, 07 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0100

The Interactions: One of the most important concepts in Geometry is, distance, which is the Quanta in E-geometry, while in Material-Geometry the composition of Opposite, where the Material -Point is the Quanta in Chemistry and Physics. As in Algebra Zero,0, is the Master-key number for all Positive and Negative numbers and this because their sum and multiplication becomes zero, and the same on any coordinate-System where ± axes pass from zero, The Rolling of the Positive ⊕ constituent on the Negative ⊝ constituent, creates the Neutral Material Point which Equilibrium. Angular-Momentum is identical with Spin and consists the First-Discrete-Energy-Monad which occupies, Discrete Value and Direction, in contradiction to the Point which is Nothing, Dimensionless and without any Direction. Quaternion [(+) ↻↺ (-)] ≡ Box which carries the Principal stress σ between Points A (+), B (-) which σ, as Centripetal-acceleration is the minimum Energy becoming from the in-storage AB acceleration and is equal to the Gravity Force g . Because of the Revolving and Periodic acceleration of Gravity g ≡ ± σ exists as the First Energy-Box- , while in the Second Box is followed the Local-Extreme-case where Gravity g ≡ ± σ, and is altered Locally by changing the Principal-stress σ with a Local-uniform-Pressure → ≡ g k = g. [ Force/Area] = G, i.e. The minimum Local - Energy acceleration is the known, Universal Gravitational-constant G = g k = g = σ, such for Macrocosm and for Microcosm, Obeying the Newton`s Laws of motion. This Energy in Hydrogen-Cave as E-M, Conductor ≡ The Pin of Atom → Plug Into their Sockets, which are the Orbit – Bracket–Hooks ≡ The Hands of Atoms ← i.e. The Atoms Plug with their Pins into the other Atoms-Drains = Holes, and so Bond. This Resonance frequency of Hydrogen is Common to all Atoms and to all Compounds in this Cosmos. The Energy-Quaternion , , Monad-Magnitudes exist as DUAL -Nature for Any {⊕, ⊝}, {Position, Motion}, {Universe, Black-Holes}, {Gravity, Antigravity}, {Action →. ← Reaction}, The Light and others. The STPL- Line Conductors on the [STPL]-Mechanism, are the Physical-Rotors for the Origination of the Cosmic –Particles which transfer Informations as the Signals-Spectrum. From Mechanics-Physics, all Systems Possessing Elasticity ≡ motion and Reaction to the motion, the called mass, are capable of free vibration or vibration ≡ Periodic - motion taking Place in the Absence of External Excitation. This Principle issues for Both Systems Closed {The Nucleus} or Open Systems {The Orbitals}. For instance, In order that shifting of an u-d-Quarks from an Anti-Proton into a Proton, the Spin-Pair requires extra input of Energy in (MeV), so that would the Proton Paired with a Neutron and be Stable.

Design and Kinematic Analysis of Mechanized Rice Transplanting Mechanism

Sat, 15 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Precise pick and place point of rice transplanting arm is necessary for the efficient production of rice. Literature shows that inaccurate picking and placing points reduces the rice production efficiency by almost 20-30%. This study is made to obtain the path of rice transplanting arm using linkage, determined the path mathematically and designed cam and follower to simulate it. Pump type rice transplanting arms have the problem of links size adjustment, if link lengths are not selected properly, the points of interest are disturbed, hence lowering the efficiency. A detailed kinematic analysis of link lengths, position of coupler points and verification via Grashoff conditions is made in this research, the results of different link lengths with their effect on path of transplanting arm is done, and the best of them is selected and further analyzed. Finally, the pump type transplanting arm is designed, simulated, and tested for different crank angles, position, velocity and acceleration analysis is done. Results from mathematical model and simulation are compared. Two arms-based rice transplanters have been designed, and a prototype is made and tested. The results are close to design parameters.

Applications of Diffusion Models in Material Properties Prediction

Xin Yuan, Qingxu Li — Mon, 14 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0100

Diffusion models, as probabilistic generative models, have shown significant potential applications in materials science in recent years[1,2]. By gradually including and removing noise from data, diffusion models can generate material structures with targeted physical and/or chemical properties. We systematically summarizes the research progress of diffusion models in materials science, focusing on the application of denoising diffusion probabilistic models (DDPM), score-based generative models (SGM), and diffusion models based on stochastic differential equations (SDE) in material generation. Furthermore, we summarize successful applications of crystal diffusion variational autoencoders (CDVAE) and their variants in material generation, and discusses the use of diffusion language models for generating inorganic compounds. Despite the robust generative capabilities and stability of diffusion models in generative tasks, challenges remain in terms of computational cost, diversity of generated samples, and scalability. We conclude by analyzing these key challenges and exploring future directions for the development of diffusion models in the field of materials science.

Evaluation of Heavy Metals in Water from a Post-Remediated Crude Oil Produced Water Discharge Channel in the Niger Delta

Asibor, Godwin, Gaja, Caroline, Edjere, Oghenekohwiroro — Wed, 16 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0100

This study was carried out to evaluate heavy metals in a post remediated crude oil produced water discharge channel. A total of twenty water samples were collected from ten sampling locations using grab sampling technique in October, 2022 (wet season) and February, 2023 (dry season). Heavy metals were determined in all the samples using atomic absorption spectrophotometry after digestion with aqua regia. The results showed that the concentrations (mg/L) for heavy metals in the water for all locations and seasons ranged from <0.001-0.05 for Cd, 0.04-0.28 for Pb, 0.002-0.09 for Cr, 0.03-0.22 for Ni, 0.01-0.07 for Cu, <0.005-0.007 for V, 0.01-0.18 for Mn, 0.04-0.14 for Zn and 0.58-6.71 for Fe for all locations and seasons. The results showed that there was no significant (p > 0.05) spatial variation in the concentrations of all the heavy metals in the water but there was significant (p < 0.05) seasonal variation. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) showed that there was no significant (p > 0.05) spatial variation in the concentrations of the heavy metals in the wet season (WS) and dry season (DS), however, t-test analysis showed that there was significant (p < 0.05) seasonal variation in the concentrations of the heavy metals. The heavy metals were significantly higher in the dry season than the wet season except for Cu, V and Fe which have higher in the dry season. On the average, the concentrations of the heavy metals in the water decrease in the order of Fe > Mn > Zn > Cu = Ni > Pb > V > Cr > Cd > As = Hg during the wet season and Fe > Pb > Ni > Mn > Zn > Cr > Cd = Cu > V > As = Hg during the dry season. The concentrations of the heavy metals except, Pb, Ni and Fe in the water samples were below or within their regulatory limits indicating recovery of the post remediated channel. This should be sustained to ensure full recovery of the remediated channel.

The Cold Forming Analysis of Stainless Battery Bolts

Chih-Cheng Yang, Thi Thu Trang Vien, Yung-Sheng Lin — Sat, 22 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

A multi-stage cold forming process for the manufacture of battery stainless bolts is studied numerically with AISI 316 stainless steel in this study. The cold forming process through five stages includes preparation and centering for backward extrusion, backward extrusion over die pin, two upsetting operations, and square trimming. The numerical simulations of cold forming are carried out using the finite element code of DEFORM-3D. The formability of the workpiece is studied, such as the effect on forming force responses, maximum forming forces, effective stress and strain distributions and metal flow pattern. In the five-stage forming process, in the two upsetting and the square trimming forming stages, the effective stresses in the head of the workpiece are significantly high, and the effective strains are also significantly high due to large deformation. The flow line distributions are also very complex in which the flow lines in the trimming region of the upset head are severely bent, highly compacted, and eventually fractured due to excessive trimming. For the maximum axial forming force, the fourth stage of secondary upsetting to form a cylindrical head to a larger outer diameter is 347.2 kN, which is the largest among the five stages due to the large amount of upsetting. However, for the forming energy, the third stage, which the workpiece is firstly upset into a conical shape, is 530.1 J, which is the largest among the five stages due to longer acted axial forming stroke. The total maximum axial forming forces from the first to the last stages are 597.1 kN and the total forming energies are about 1.36 kJ.

The Numerical Study of Multi-Stage Cold Forming Process for the Manufacture of SCM435 Alloy Steel Flange Nuts

Chih-Cheng Yang, Jun-Shuo Peng, Yan-Siang Duan, Chen-Lun Sung — Mon, 14 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0100

In this study, a multi-stage cold forming process for flange nut manufacturing using SCM435 alloy steel is numerically investigated. The cold forming process through five stages includes flattening along with centering, upsetting a hexagonal shape along with backward extrusion, upsetting a flange along with backward extrusion, and piercing. The numerical study of cold forming is conducted using the finite element code of DEFORM-3D. The formability of the workpiece is studied, such as the influence on forming force responses, maximum forming forces, effective stress and strain distributions and metal flow pattern. In the five-stage forming process, for the forming stages of upsetting along with backward extrusion and piercing, due to large deformation, the effective stresses in the workpiece are significantly high, and so the effective strains. The flow line distributions are also very complex, where the flow lines in the piercing region around the inner wall of the hole are severely bent, highly compacted, and eventually fractured. For the maximum axial forming force, the first stage of flattening and centering for backward extrusion is 368.5 kN, which is the largest among the five stages, while the forming energy of 183.3 J is the smallest due to shorter acted axial forming stroke. For the forming energy, the second stage, which the workpiece is upset into a hexagonal shape along with backward extruded into a cavity; and the third stage, which the workpiece is upset into a flange along with backward extruded into a cavity, are respectively 456.7 J and 455.7 J that are very close, which are the first and second largest forming energy among the five stages due to longer acted axial forming strokes. The total maximum axial forming force from the first to the last stages is 1,061.4 kN and the total forming energy is about 1.637 kJ.

The Great Debate Toward Conceiving the Fundamental Laws of The Universe, Revelation Against Experimentation

Abdullah Alabdulgader — Sat, 08 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Exploring the intricate relationship between revelation and experimentation in understanding the fundamental laws of the universe is a mission that must be confronted in the current era. Through historical debates and modern scientific we discuss examples, which contrasts the materialistic approach of contemporary science with insights derived from spiritual revelation. The discussion emphasizes the limitations of human perception and highlights the need for an integrative approach that combines empirical investigation with spiritual wisdom, ultimately aiming to uncover deeper truths about existence and the cosmos.

Alabdulgader Heart Based Resonant Field Theory of Consciousness: A Scientific Exploration of Resonance, human Intention and Revelation

Abdullah Alabdulgader — Thu, 10 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0100

The Alabdulgader Heart-Based Resonant Field (HBRF) Theory of Consciousness redefines the boundaries between science and spirituality, offering a novel framework to explore the intricate connections between human consciousness, divine communication, and universal resonant fields. This theory posits that the human heart is more than a biological organ; it serves as a dynamic center of consciousness with the ability to sense, process, and resonate with external energetic fields, including cosmic and planetary frequencies. Recent research in neurocardiology reveals that the heart can detect sensory stimuli before the brain, impacting emotional regulation and decision-making. Additionally, the synchronization of heart rhythms across socially connected yet geographically diverse individuals suggests a collective, non-local field of interconnected consciousness. The HBRF theory proposes that during moments of intense emotional states—such as the supplication of the oppressed—the heart achieves greater coherence, potentially facilitating a deeper connection to a universal field of information and divine communication. By integrating empirical evidence with spiritual insights, this theory provides a scientific perspective on the potency of heartfelt supplication, offering a mechanism through which emotional and physiological states may influence divine response. This interdisciplinary approach broadens the understanding of human consciousness, opening new avenues for research in neuroscience, psychology, theology, and beyond.

Hospital Waste Generation and Management in Tertiary Health Care Facilities: A Comparative Assessment. Fako Division, Cameroon

Veronica Ebot Manga — Sat, 15 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Wastes generated in hospitals are highly infectious and pose enormous risk to human health and the environment. This study examines the patterns of healthcare waste generation, handling and compliance to legal standards in two tertiary hospitals: public (PU) and private (RT) in Fako Division, Cameroon. Data was collected for a period of two months. Daily waste produced in each hospital was quantified and characterized as hazardous waste (sharps, infectious and pathological or anatomical waste) and non-hazardous or general healthcare waste. Field visits, site observations, interviews and focus group discussions were carried out with selected hospital administrators and workers. A total of 8461kg and 9609kg of waste was generated in PU and RT respecteively. In PU the waste composition was 95.6% and 4.4% for general and hazardous and 42% and 58% respectively in RT. Waste generated per patient was 0.78 and 0.45 kg/patient/day for PU and RT respectively with significant variation (p=0.013) in weekly outputs in RT. Both facilities adopted a four categories waste segregation policy, although no color coding was used. The onsite incinerator in the public hospital was below standard and rarely used whereas that in the private hospital was satisfactory and used regularly. PU engaged the services of a waste provider unlike in RT in which the entire activity was under the hospital administration. Beside the adoption of safer approaches to waste handling and close compliance with regulations in force the study recommends the adoption of sustainable waste strategies contained in the WASH FIT.

Coherent Manipulation of Ultra Cold Atoms Towards Mobile Gravimetry

Hriday Dath, Kannan, S., Radhika, V. N. — Mon, 14 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0100

Atom interferometry as a rapidly growing field has garnered a lot of interest in recent years for developing extremely accurate quantum sensors. It has been demonstrated by numerous research groups worldwide for a wide range of applications. In this work, we demonstrate the coherent manipulation of ultra-cold Rubidium (⁸⁷Rb) atoms with Raman laser pulses in the transportable gravimeter setup based on cold atom interferometry developed at ISRO Inertial Systems Unit. The achievement of coherent manipulation is carried out by demonstrating the Rabi oscillations in ultra-cold ensemble. The obtained oscillation frequency is found to be very well matching with the theoretical calculation. Subsequently, we demonstrate Ramsey fringes by applying two π/2 pulses with a time gap depending on Rabi oscillation frequency.

Status of Mental Health Amongst Undergraduate Students in Kenyan Universities (Qualitative Analysis of Sampled Studies)

Thu, 27 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Studies investigating mental health issues amongst university students have shown that mental distress in students is a driver of negative consequences, including suicidal thoughts, substance use, depression, anxiety disorders, poor cognitive functioning, and poor academic performance. The findings imply a similar mental health index in Kenyan universities, with respect to findings that mental health issues are more profound therein owing to associated stressors in these environments. This paper provides an anchor point for an assessment of the situation thereof, in the form of a meta-analysis of seven studies evaluating mental health among university students in Kenya. It was guided by five objectives: to determine the common mental health issues cited in the studies, to document summarised mental health challenges faced by university students, to profile the mental health services sited, to determine the coping mechanism used by students to manage their mental health issues if any, and to establish research gaps identified from the studies reviewed on mental health in the period between 2021-2022. The review revealed that depression, anxiety, and stress are the most prevalent mental health issues, due to diverse challenges. Further, it emerged that student counselling is the instrument put in place to handle mental health issues although students often resort to their own mechanisms when dealing with mental health issues. The findings revealed various gaps for further research in mental health management in Kenyan universities, in the form of relative unawareness or misinformation about mental health issues among university students.

Prevalence and Environmental Contamination of Soil-Transmitted Helminths Among School-Aged Children in Abia State University Staff School Uturu, Nigeria

Obisike, Victor Ugochukwu, Dike, Maduabuchi Chizuruoke, Ukpai, Ukiwe Favour — Mon, 07 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0100

Soil-transmitted helminths (STH) remain a significant public health concern in developing countries, particularly among school-aged children who are highly susceptible due to frequent exposure to contaminated environments and poor hygiene practices. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of STH infections among pupils of Abia State University Staff School and assess environmental contamination with helminth eggs. A total of 75 stool samples were collected from pupils whose parents consented to the study. Additionally, soil samples were collected in triplicates from the playground, near the toilet area, and close to the dumpsite. Stool samples were processed using the Kato-Katz technique, while soil samples were examined for helminth eggs following the standard methods and identified morphologically. Results showed that 62.7% of the examined pupils were infected with at least one helminth species. Taenia spp was the most prevalent (21.3%), followed by Ancylostoma duodenale (18.7%), Trichuris trichiura (12.0%), and Ascaris lumbricoides (10.7%). Males had a slightly higher infection rate (38.7%) compared to females (26.7%). Infection was more common in younger children, particularly those in Basic One and Basic Two. Soil analysis revealed helminth egg contamination in all sampled environments, with the highest prevalence near the toilet area (32.0%). These findings underscore the need for improved sanitation, regular deworming, and health education programs to reduce STH transmission. Targeted interventions should focus on younger children, given their higher vulnerability to infection.

Relationship between Antisocial Behavior and Parenting Style: A Case Study of Some Sampled Secondary Schools in Kisii County in Kenya

Sat, 22 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Parenting style relates to the methods a person employs to raise their children. Most parents aren't aware of how their parenting style affects their children’s behavior. Parenting style is a contributing factor to children's antisocial behavior. The primary goal of this study was to investigate the relationship between parenting style and antisocial behavior in secondary school students. The study included students from public secondary schools in Kisii County. The study used a random sampling technique to select ten schools from Nyaribari Masaba Sub-County in Kisii. Two questionnaires, the Parental Authority Questionnaire (PAQ) and the Sub-Types of Antisocial Behavior (STAB), were used to collect data from 200 male (50 urban and 150 rural) and 150 female (50 urban and 100 rural) students. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to analyze the data, and Pearson r was used to examine the data. The results showed that parents employed integrated parental style at varying degrees of permissive (M=2.75, S.D.=0.52), and authoritarian (M=3.19, S.D.=0.52) respectively. Students perceive mothers as authoritative in parenting style (M=3.22, S.D.=0.61) while fathers (M=3.27, S.D.=0.51). In conclusion, the two main factors that influence students to engage in antisocial behavior are permissive and authoritarian parenting approaches.

Geomicrobiology of Aquifers in Enugu

Ozoko, Daniel Chukwuemeka, Ezeugwu, Innocent Onyebuchi — Tue, 01 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0100

This study was undertaken to examine the microbiological and biochemical characteristics of water and sediment samples collected from different locations in Enugu metropolis with a view to determining their quality and possible effects on water chemistry. Ten geographical sites, viz: Emene, New Artisan, Gariki, Trans-Ekulu, Amechi, Centenary, etc. five samples were collected from each geographical site and handled according to standard microbiological procedures, serial dilution, preparation of selective media for the isolation of bacteria and characterization of bacterial isolates. Biochemical tests which includes Gram stain, catalase, coagulase, indole, oxidase, citrate, and sugar fermentation were carried out for isolates characterization. The remarkable outcome was the differences of bacterial isolates across the sites sampled. Microbiological activity involved counts of bacterial populations that were involved in biogeochemical cycling, such as Desulfomicrobium, Geobacter sp., Shewanella sp., Bacillus sp., and Pseudomonas sp. The existence of extensive variability of microbial density across sites was reflected by the results, with Geobacter sp. predominance at Agbani Road (2.5 × 10³ CFU/mL) and Centenary (1.3 × 10⁴ CFU/mL) and suggested active iron reduction. Shewanella sp., which has long been known to be metal-reducing, is highly present in Gariki (2.3 × 10³ CFU/mL) and Agbani Road (2.4 × 10³ CFU/mL), indicating potential redox conversions. Desulfomicrobium, the sulfate-reducing bacterium, is most present in Emene (1.4 × 10³ CFU/mL) and Ologo (2.1 × 10² CFU/mL), indicating potential reduction of sulfate and hydrogen sulfide production. Pseudomonas sp., being a metabolically flexible bacterium, exhibited moderate growth in Ugwuaji (1.6 × 10² CFU/mL) and Amechi (1.1 × 10² CFU/mL), which is indicative of its organic degradation role. Microbial patterns of distribution attest to active microbial-driven processes in the aquifers that control iron, sulfur, and carbon cycling. The results highlight the need for frequent microbial monitoring in order to determine groundwater quality and possible biogeochemical changes.

Revisiting Hydration and Water Scarcity: Technological Advances and Molecular Resonance Effect Technology (MRET) Activation

Igor Smirnov, Howard Fisher — Thu, 13 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The concept of global water scarcity requires reexamination in light of recent technological advancements, such as solar desalination and Molecular Resonance Effect Technology (MRET). While water covers approximately 70% of the Earth's surface, the potential for freshwater generation through solar desalination, alongside innovations in hydration technology, offers new opportunities for addressing the growing concern of water scarcity. This article explores the role of water in human health, the physiological implications of hydration, and the innovative benefits of MRET-activated water in improving hydration efficiency. Furthermore, we examine the potential of MRET technology to promote longevity and enhance overall physiological function.