European Journal of Applied Sciences

Surface Behaviors of Pine Wood (Pinus nigra) After Short-Term Weathering: Urban Furniture Suitability Investigation

2025-01-10T08:47:03+00:00

The tangential/radial ratio (T/R) has usually been used to investigate wood’s physical properties due to moisture uptake and loss differences. In this issue, the color coordinate differences were evaluated between two surfaces for Black pine (Pinus nigra). Initially (controls), it was measured to be a (T-R)L*: 10.71 1.45 (metric) difference for lightness, (T-R)a*: -0.07 (metric) for a* coordinate, and (T-R)b*:- 0.14 (metric) for the b* coordinates. However, the total color changes (discoloration) of two surfaces were found to be after outdoor exposure, separately. The tangent surface shows ΔE_T: 10.71 (metric), which is higher than the radial surface values of ΔE_R: 8.57 (metric) after weathering. The chroma and hue differences were observed to be negligible for control and weathered samples, with only <2.0 units differences for both surfaces. A similar trend was also observed for gloss properties: all gloss differences were found to be <3.0 Gu which could not be visually differentiated easily. The radial surface seemed to have a higher yellowness value than tangent surfaces, which was found to be YI_R: 52.70 (numeric) for radial surfaces and YI_T: 47.62 (numeric) for tangent surfaces. After weathering, considerably lower X-(red), Y-(yellow) and Z-(blue) stimuli values were calculated: ΔXT(w-c):-12.68 (numeric) in tangent and ΔXR(w-c): -10.67 (numeric) in radial surface for X stimuli, ΔYT(w-c): -12.47 (numeric) in tangent- and ΔXR(w-c): -10.46 (numeric) in radial surface for Y stimuli; and ΔZT(w-c): -7.28 (numeric) for tangent and ΔZR(w-c): -7.42 (numeric) in radial surface for Z stimuli, respectively.

Impact of Brown Adipose Tissue Reduction and Overfeeding on Adiposity and Depotspecific Adipose Tissue Cellularity: Brown Fat Reduction and Adipose Tissue Cellularity

2025-02-09T04:19:14+00:00

Brown adipose tissue contributes to adaptive changes in metabolic energy expenditure in response to alterations in diet and environmental conditions, thereby assisting an animal to maintain thermoregulation and energy balance in various mammalian species including man and animals. Cafeteria overfeeding of normally lean rats during early postweaning growth typically results in significant hyperplasia and in an increased capacity non-shivering thermogenesis and energy expenditure in brown adipose tissue (BAT). The Interscapular BAT depot is readily surgically accessible and normally represents approximately one third of the total BAT mass in lean Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. The effects of experimental overnutrition via offering a Cafeteria feeding regimen (Café) combined with surgical reduction of the IBAT mass of adipose tissue cellularity and regional fat deposition was determined in lean SD rats during 8 weeks of postweaning growth and development to adulthood. Groups (n= 8 rats/group) of male, SD rats were fed a Purina Chow diet or the Chow diet plus the Café regimen for 52 days from weaning. An additional group of the Chow+Café regimen were subjected to surgical removal of their IBAT at 4 weeks of age and continued on the Chow+Café thereafter (Café-IBAT). At 80 days of age, measures of adiposity including anthropometrics and the mass and adipocyte cellularity in principle abdominal and subcutaneous fat depots were determined. Body weight (BW) and mid-abdominal girth were ~20% greater in Café and Café-IBAT, while linear growth was similar in all groups. The mass of all fat depots was greater in Café fed animals (p=<0.05) and increased further in subcutaneous depots and total WAT accumulation in the Café IBAT animals (p=<0.05). Adipocyte lipid content and cell diameter of Café > controls in all depots with further increases in abdominal depots with Café-IBAT. Adipocyte number per WAT depots of Café > Control in all depots, with further increases in the Inguinal SC depot. Thus, these results are consistent with regional differences in the effects of Café feeding on postweaning adipose tissue hyperplasia, hypertrophy and depot mass and which underwent additional depot-specific differentiation in Café-IBAT. In conclusion, Café resulted in adipocyte hypertrophy in all depots studied, but the partial reduction of BAT mass in Cafe-IBAT rats resulted in only modest additional impact on overall adiposity during overfeeding, with the greatest impact in the ING SC depot, and thereby consistent with potential thermogenic compensation in other BAT depots to partially minimize the overall impact of the Café overfeeding regimen on developing adiposity in this strain.

Management of Ectopic Lens Cataract by Lensectomy, Vitrectomy and Iridial Fixation Implantation (Artisan): About 02 Eyes of a Child Admitted to CHU IOTA

2025-01-02T16:46:46+00:00

Objective : To report two cases of ectopic cataracts in the context of Marfan's syndrome diagnosed and treated by vitrectomy, lensectomy associated with iridial fixation implantation with good functional results. Case report: This 16-year-old patient was admitted to the African Tropical Ophthalmology University Hospital Center (CHU-IOTA) for a decline in visual acuity since childhood, and was diagnosed as having Marfan syndrome with bilateral ectopic cataract, taking into account the Berlin anatomical criteria. Apart from ocular and musculoskeletal involvement, cardiac, pulmonary, biological and biochemical examinations were normal. After surgical management with vitrectomy, lensectomy and iridofixation implantation (artisan), initial visual acuity counts fingers at 1 meter and at 2 meters in the right and left eyes respectively, improved to 5/10 without correction in both eyes and to 10/10 with optical correction made after postoperative follow-up. Conclusion : Iris-fixation implantation after vitrectomy and lensectomy is an effective surgical technique that can guarantee good functional results in children with ectopic cataracts due to Marfan syndrome.

The Conflict in Goma: An Analysis of the M23 Rebellion and its Implications

2025-02-07T06:58:29+00:00

The eastern region of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) has been a focal point of conflict for decades, with the recent resurgence of the March 23 Movement (M23) exacerbating instability. This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the M23 rebellion, focusing on its historical context, the capture of Goma, and the ensuing humanitarian crisis. The study examines the roles of regional actors, particularly Rwanda, and the international community's response to the escalating conflict. Through this analysis, the article aims to shed light on thecomplex dynamics at play and the potential pathways to sustainable peace in the region.

Muslim Leadership in Luweero District 1972-2024

2024-12-26T17:18:39+00:00

This study explores the evolution of Muslim leadership in Luweero district from 1972-2024, highlighting its historical and socio-political contexts. It examines the challenges faced by Muslim leaders, their contributions to community development, and the implications of their leadership styles on inter-religious relations. Through a comprehensive analysis based on qualitative interviews and available archival data, this research reveals the complexities of Muslim leadership in a predominantly Christian region, emphasizing the role of cultural identity and community solidarity. The findings indicate that while challenges such as marginalization and political instability persist, Muslim leadership has made significant strides in promoting social cohesion and economic empowerment in the district. The paper concludes with recommendations for fostering inclusive leadership practices that bridge religious divides and enhance community development.

Global Economic and Political Interdependencies in the 21st Century: Challenges and Innovations

2025-02-03T16:58:21+00:00

This article examines the complexities of economic and political interdependencies in the modern globalized world. It explores the impact of economic alliances, geopolitical tensions, climate change, and technological innovation on global governance. The study adopts a multidisciplinary approach, integrating qualitative and quantitative data analysis to explore the structural transformations shaping international relations. The findings indicate that while economic blocs and emerging technologies foster cooperation and development, challenges such as climate instability and economic inequalities persist. Recommendations include strategic policies to strengthen global cooperation, mitigate climate risks, and leverage technological advancements for sustainable growth.

Access to Education Rights - A Case of Malawi

2024-12-21T16:02:57+00:00

Access to education is a fundamental human right recognized by various international treaties and national constitutions. In Malawi, the right to education is enshrined in the Constitution and supported by policies aimed at promoting inclusive and equitable education for all citizens. However, significant barriers persist that hinder access to quality education, particularly for marginalized groups such as girls, children with disabilities, and those from impoverished backgrounds. This paper examined the current state of educational access in Malawi, highlighting key challenges such as inadequate infrastructure, insufficient funding, cultural attitudes towards education, and the impact of socio-economic factors. It also explored government initiatives and non-governmental efforts aimed at improving educational access and quality. The analysis underscores the importance of community involvement and policy reform in addressing these challenges. Furthermore, this study emphasizes the role of international organizations in supporting Malawi's educational framework through funding and technical assistance. By identifying best practices and successful interventions, the paper aims to provide recommendations for enhancing access to education rights in Malawi, ensuring that every child has the opportunity to achieve their full potential through quality education. Ultimately, achieving universal access to education in Malawi requires a concerted effort from all stakeholders, including government agencies, civil society, and local communities, to create an inclusive educational environment that respect and promote the rights of every individual.

Islamic Will and Estate Management: A Case Study of Luweero District, Uganda

2025-01-28T06:16:45+00:00

This study explores the practices of Islamic will and estate management in Luweero District, Uganda, aiming to understand how Islamic principles influence the administration of estates among Muslim communities. The research employed a qualitative methodology, including interviews with local community leaders, legal practitioners, and family members involved in estate management. Key findings reveal that while Islamic will are widely respected, there are challenges in aligning local customary laws with Islamic practices. The lack of awareness about Islamic estate management and limited access to legal frameworks further complicate the situation. Additionally, the study identifies successful community initiatives aimed at educating Muslims about their rights and obligations under Islamic law. These findings underscore the importance of integrating Islamic principles into local estate management practices and highlight the need for community- based legal education to ensure equitable estate distribution in the context of Islamic law.

Use Sensory Analysis to Optimize Corn Seed Storage Methods in a Triple Bagging and Biopesticide System (Leaves of Lippia multiflora Moldenke and Hyptis suaveolens Poit) in Côte D'ivoire

2024-12-19T13:20:55+00:00

The effectiveness of dried leaves of Lippia multiflora and Hyptis suaveolens on maize grains stored in a triple bagging system was tested. A three-factor central composite design (CCD) affecting the storage of maize grains was used to monitor changes in sensory quality, namely moldy aroma and rancid odor, during storage. The first CCD factor comprised six observation periods: 0, 1, 4.5, 9.5, 14.5, and 18 months. The second factor was the type of treatment, which consisted of 1 control batch with polypropylene bags (WB) and 9 experimental batches, including 1 in a triple bag without biopesticides (TBS0) and eight (8) additional batches containing ratios and/or combinations of biopesticides (TB1 to TB8). Finally, the third factor concerned the combination of two biopesticides, with the percentage (%) of Lippia multiflora as the reference. The results indicate that the ideal conditions for maintaining the sensory quality of maize grains during storage, based on the intensity of the rancid odor and moldy aroma, are achieved under the following conditions: Storage period: 18 months, Ratio of biopesticides to maize: 2.5%- Combination of biopesticides: 100% Lippia multiflora or 100% Hyptis suaveolens under the best-expected conditions, the experimental values were: rancid odor 4.10±0.25 and musty aroma 3.70±0.37.

Time Travels for People on Earth are Already Possible

2025-01-24T18:01:02+00:00

The article argues that the version of the special theory of relativity (SRT), which is generally recognised and studied in all physics textbooks, is incorrect. And numerous proofs are given to it. SRT on the one hand and all radio engineering, electrical engineering and computer technology on the other hand mutually refute each other. SRT is also refuted by the existence of resonance and shock oscillations. I.e. if SRT were true, then neither computers, nor mobile phones and smartphones, nor television, nor GPS trackers, nor pianos and other musical instruments should exist, nor even tsunamis should not exist and swings on children's playgrounds should not swing after a push from parents. Consequently, to refute SRT it was not necessary to invent some very expensive experiments on Tevatron and Large Hadron Collider. It was not necessary after detection of Cherenkov radiation [1] to correct SRT. And it was necessary simply to look around and to understand that the generally recognised version of SRT is refuted by numerous all known and therefore irrefutable natural and created by people processes. And, hence, SRT should be corrected. Therefore the author has created the corrected version of SRT, from which relativistic formulas and new scientific knowledge received after creation of incorrect version of SRT it followed that in the nature there is not only our visible universe, but besides it there are many other mutually invisible universes and antiverse. And besides existing in universes of matter, space and time, in antiverses there exist antimatter, anti-space and anti-time. And the existence of anti-time makes travelling in space possible not only in space but also in time. And the article explains how it can be done now.

The Forthcoming Freezing of the European West Coast is Seemingly a ‘Divine Retribution’

2024-12-13T17:48:38+00:00

Is there a Conflict Between General Digitalization and Sustainability and Humanity?

2025-01-22T18:25:55+00:00

We are in a development phase in which analogue subjects such as humans and nature are increasingly being replaced by the technology of digitalization. Analog scalar waves are natural, digital Hertzian waves are unnatural, but they have conquered the market for themselves. Analog products of life are increasingly disappearing. This raises the question of durability and reparability, where analog products are superior. Consumption of resources and limited recycling options create a conflict between digitalization and sustainability. We should save or revive as many analogue products as possible for the benefit of people and nature, because a fully digitalized world would not only be unnatural, but also inhumane.

Ali Khamenei: A Criminal in Disguise

2024-10-21T18:10:50+01:00

The Role of Women’s Schooling on the Economic Expansion of Guinea: Pioneering Sex Equity, Strengthening Labor Force Involvement and Propelling Lasting Evolution to Attain Guinea’s Economic Advancement

2025-01-14T05:29:10+00:00

This article analyses the noteworthy role of women’s learning’s impact on Guinea’s socioeconomic progress, drawing attention to its capabilities to foster enduring advancement, reduce poverty, as well as encourage equal opportunities across genders. Using a hybrid research approach, the inquiry combines quantitative analyses of national academic instruction and financial statistics with qualitative insights based on interviews with policymakers, educators, alongside women entrepreneurs. The research identifies several obstacles hindering women’s accessibility of learning resources, involving entrenched social customs, resource scarcity, early marriages, along with inadequate structural systems, particularly in rural areas. Gender biases with restricted representation of female populations in leadership further exacerbate these challenges. In spite of these obstacles, findings show that females possessing advanced schooling achieve broadened avenues for income, and heightened employability, as well as enhanced entrepreneurial success. The societal benefits of women’s academic pursuits extend beyond individual gains, encompassing enhanced juvenile and maternal wellness with diminished fertility rates, along with strengthened cross-generational academic outcomes. Educated females contribute significantly toward the collective leadership alongside governance, propelling creativity and equitable progress. The research underscores the value of targeted interventions, incorporating funding for school infrastructure, financial support such as scholarships, together with efforts to confront discriminatory traditions. Collaborating with men as well as boys encouraging fairness between genders is identified as a key strategy for ensuring lasting change. Aligned with the International SDG (Sustainable Development Goals)Framework, particularly Objective 4 (Quality Education) and 5(Gender Equality), this research emphasizes that expanding women’s learning is essential for accomplishing Guinea’s financial ambitions and nurturing a society that embraces diversity. It concludes with a call for stakeholders to prioritize gender-sensitive reforms as a foundation for long-term national progress.

Outdoor Exposure Effects on Different Formulated Clear Coats of Wood as Sustainable Urban Design Material

2025-01-10T08:49:25+00:00

When wood is exposed to the outdoors, degradation can occur either in the coatings or the wood surface, or in both materials. However, interaction between exposure radiation and the wood surface produces complex photooxidation reactions that degrade the clear film and appear as discoloration. There are very complicated variations found for the changes in all three-color coordinates in terms of outdoor exposure impact on modifications of seven different coatings and exposure directions. However, the similar surface coatings on tangent and radial surfaces respond differently when exposed to outdoor. The varnish+teak oil and plant oil+teak oil (ΔEEr: 3.47 vs. ΔEFr: 8.65) coated samples show higher radial surface discolorations than counterpart tangent surfaces, while tangent surfaces show higher discoloration than radial surfaces for the other five transparent coated samples. The most stable surface against outdoor exposure was found with a radial surface of varnish+enamel treatment of ΔECr: 1.71 (metric), followed by radial and tangent surface of varnish+teak oil treatments (ΔEEr: 2.78 and ΔEEt: 3.47). It is notable that all discolorations were perceptible to the human eye (ΔE:>1.0 unit) when look carefully. There is no trend observed for chroma and hues of samples. Solely varnish coated (hBt) and plant oil+varnish coated (hGt) samples show considerably shifts of color for tangent surfaces and solely varnish coated (hBr) and plant oil+ varnish coated (hFr) samples for radial surfaces (Δh ± >5 degree), while all other samples do not show noticeable differences between radial and tangent surfaces of coated samples, either weathered or not, and those changes were not perceptible by the human eye.

Aboard the Soviet Submarine B-59: The Crucial Role of Human Judgment During the 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis

2025-02-11T11:03:32+00:00

The heroic action of Vasily Arkhipov, a Soviet officer, during the Cuban Missile Crisis in October 1962, highlights the essential role of human judgment in moments of extreme crisis. While artificial intelligence (AI) systems can swiftly analyze vast quantities of data and react instantaneously to various situations, they are constrained by inherent limitations when confronted with ethical dilemmas and human uncertainties. In contrast to AI, Vasily Arkhipov’s decision was informed not only by military data but also by a nuanced understanding of human and diplomatic considerations, ultimately averting a nuclear disaster. This pivotal moment underscores the necessity of preserving human involvement in critical decision-making contexts, where intuition and discernment are indispensable. Although AI can offer valuable analytical insights, it cannot replicate the capacity for judgment required to assess situations with profound moral and social implications. This article argues that AI should serve as a complement to human decision-making, never replacing it, especially in matters with far-reaching consequences.

Frequency of Ophthalmological Disorders Among Soldiers on Operational Duty at the Ophthalmology Unit of the Medical Surgical Center of Bamako's Arms

2025-01-02T17:01:21+00:00

Introduction : The aim of our study was to determine the frequency of ocular disorders among military personnel on operational duty at the CMCAB Ophthalmology Unit, in order to ensure their adequate management and an improvement in their operational capacity. Patients and method : This was a cross-sectional, retrospective study conducted between January 1 and March 31, 2024 at the Army medical-surgical center in Bamako/Mali. Results : A total of 264 patients were examined during the study. The distribution of patients by rank was as follows : non commissioned officers were the most frequent, accounting for 36.4% of cases, followed by non-commissioned officers for 34.1%. Visual function abnormalities were the most frequent. These were mainly ametropia, accounting for 81.9% of cases. Discussion : Studies on the frequency of ocular disorders in the military are few and far between, but we can cite that of DIALLO et al. KOKI G and colleagues found a clear predominance of functional pathologies, particularly ametropia, with a frequency of 22.17%, 37.4% (56.4% for our study). Conclusion : The ophthalmological conditions encountered are numerous and multiple in the military personnel seen at the Army medical-surgical center in Bamako/Mali. Identifying them in this study will enable us to prevent and manage them, and reduce their complications.

Application of Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System in Counter Terrorism in Sub Saharan Africa

2025-02-07T18:28:01+00:00

That Sub-Saharan Africa is threshing floor for human blood is not an overstatement. Terrorism of divers nomenclature is everywhere, and they seem to be operating with impunity under a failed state. This review paper focuses on the capability of remote sensing and GIS in counter terrorism in Sub Saharan Africa with the epicentres at Gulf of Guinea and the Horn of Africa (Somali). To this end, the paper reviewed case studies in use of multi-temporal HSR-5M satellite imagery and ARCGIS that carry out area surveillance of elected area. While SASTRA resource search engine was used to access secondary data on Big Data, remote sensing, and GIS applications in security. The review find out that Big-Data in GIS environment and sensors bearing Unmanned Area Vehicle (UAV), and natural birds are veritable tools for modern enemies’ surveillance and logistic supply for troops. The paper therefore recommended that all the African countries should invest more in the security agencies capacity development, remote sensing and GIS hardware and software for effective territorial security and defence.

Hydrocarbons – Gift or Curse: Future Perspectives on their Use

2024-12-26T17:23:07+00:00

Litter Dynamics and Nutrient Contributions in Arabica Coffee Agroforestry Systems Under Varied Shade Regimes in the Central Western Ghats, India

2025-02-05T19:06:41+00:00

Coffee agroforestry systems (CAS) are increasingly recognized as an effective climate change mitigation strategy due to their ability to sequester carbon. However, most studies on CAS have focused on the management and productivity of coffee plants, with limited attention to litterfall dynamics and their contribution to soil nutrients, particularly in Indian coffee plantations. In this study, quantified and compared litterfall dynamics in arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.) grown under different shade patterns. Litterfall collected from designated quadrants was analyzed using standard soil testing procedures. Results showed significant variation in litterfall across treatments, ranging from 3.43 to 13.54 MT ha^-1. The highest litterfall was recorded under exotic species shade with 13.54 MT ha^-1, followed by native species shade with 11.68 MT ha^-1. In terms of nutrient contributions to the soil, coffee grown under native species shade recorded the highest addition of nitrogen (301.37 kg ha^-1) and phosphorus (22.19 kg ha^-1), significantly exceeding other treatments. Conversely, potassium addition was highest under exotic species shade (257.30 kg ha^-1). The findings suggest that coffee grown under a two-tier mixed shade system, comprising both native and exotic species, benefits from enhanced litterfall dynamics and improved nutrient contributions to the soil compared to unshaded systems. To promote soil health and sustainability, policy incentives should encourage the adoption and maintenance of two-tier mixed shade systems in coffee plantations.

Physical Sciences: Astrophysical Portals are a Source of New Knowledge

2024-12-21T20:58:40+00:00

The article claims that the version of the special theory of relativity studied in all physics textbooks is incorrect and sets out the main provisions of its corrected version. And from the relativistic formulas of the corrected version of SRT it follows that in nature, in addition to our visible universe, there are mutually invisible universes and anti-universes that are connected to each other by a large number of portals. At the same time, the entrances to the portals are supposedly the so-called anomalous zones, which people avoid visiting, since it is very difficult to get out of them. However, scientific research of portals by unmanned robotic complexes is possible and necessary. Such scientific research will allow solving a number of very important scientific problems - proving the existence of mutually invisible universes adjacent to our visible universe, explaining the Fermi paradox, proving the possibility of traveling not only in the space of the hidden Multiverse, but also in time, etc.

Conservation of Energy and Momentum of Quasi Particles

2025-01-30T22:17:39+00:00

The author through this brief communication wishes to publicize his findings of a differential form of conservation of energy and momentum of quasi particles. The contents of the paper are a repeat with some new thoughts and an application in the theory of the expanding Universe.

Effect of Waterlogging at Different Growth Stages on Growth, Yield and Biochemical Characteristics of Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)

2024-12-20T04:41:05+00:00

Waterlogging affects a variety of plants, including brinjal; however, little is known about the consequences of waterlogging on brinjal at various growth stages. A pot experiment was carried out on two brinjal cultivars, BARI brinjal 8 and BARI brinjal 11, to study the effects of waterlogging at various growth stages on plant growth, chlorophyll content, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, reducing sugar, proline, phenol, and fruit yield. The experiment was carried out using waterlogging treatments applied at the four-five-leaf and flowering stages, with standard management (no waterlogging) as a control. The negative effects of waterlogging on brinjal growth varied with waterlogging timing, with the greatest influence occurring during the flowering stage, followed by the seedling stage. BARI brinjal 8 was more susceptible to waterlogging than BARI brinjal 11. Waterlogged conditions reduced the chlorophyll content, ultimately lowering grain yield. Biochemical parameters such as proline, reducing sugar, phenol, and MDA concentration, changed under waterlogging stress, with the change being more pronounced during the flowering stage. It was observed that, plants that received watering at the seedling stage recovered. However, during the flowering stage, waterlogging may cause morphological development to stall and hinder brinjal production from recovering.

Monodisperse Particles from Single Emulsions with Microfluidic Device

2025-01-28T05:41:07+00:00

The goal of this study was to develop a microfluidic device, establish the optimal conditions, and adapt an antisolvent technique into microfluidic microcapillary device to produce API microparticles with uniform particle size, generated from monodisperse single emulsions, using griseofulvin as the model compound. Griseofulvin monodispersed crystals were produced using a microfluidic microcapillary device. Three different fluids mixtures were used to both create an antisolvent environment and generate monodisperse drops within the microcapillary device. Single emulsion generation was visualized using an inverted microscope equipped with a high-speed camera. Finally, the griseofulvin crystals were collected, and their particle size was measured through microscopy image analysis.
An antisolvent technique was adapted into the microfluidic capillary device. The inner, middle, and outer fluids consisted of 7% griseofulvin, SDS in ultrapure water, and polysorbate 80 in ultrapure water, respectively. The optimal flow conditions were determined to generate monodisperse single emulsion drops, resulting in griseofulvin microcrystals with an average particle size of 11 µm. A novel microcapillary device process was developed, applying an antisolvent technique to generate monodisperse griseofulvin crystals starting from monodisperse single emulsions. Established the constituents and flow rates of each fluid, allowing for complete control of the system. Single emulsions of GF in triacetin were produced with an average diameter of 75.2 ± 2.9 µm. Finally, monodispersed griseofulvin crystals with a mean particle size of 11.60 ± 3.64 µm were obtained. Microfluidic method is excellent to obtain monodisperse particles for inhalation process and pulmonary delivery, because the span is better than the other material in the market. Microfluidic method developed is excellent to produce crystals with improved specific surface area and probably with better bioavailability.

Digitalization, Planning, and Sustainability in Project Management in Jordan’s Construction Sector: Enhancing Project Success through Stakeholder Engagement and Virtual Work Dynamics

2024-12-14T19:36:02+00:00

Due to the growing client requirements for cost-effective solutions and environmentally friendly projects, the construction business remains pressured to deliver sustainable project results and objectives. Although the role of sustainability in project management has been widely explored and documented, there is growing research interest regarding integrating digitalized tools and sustainable project planning into sustainable project success; its relation to virtual teams is explicitly relatively unknown, especially within the developing world context such as Jordan. This research is intended to fill this gap by assessing the effect of sustainability in project management, Digitalization, and sustainable project planning on sustainable project success, with the virtue of the work environment acting as a moderator and stakeholder engagement as a mediator. To meet this research aim, the structured questionnaire was distributed to one hundred project engineers, managers, and other project professionals in Jordan's construction industry. The gathered data were investigated to evaluate the claimed link using the Partial Least Squares (PLS) approach using the Smart PLS tool. The findings show that the success of a project mainly depends on digitization, environmentally friendly project design, and sustainable project management. Moreover, the virtual work environment and stakeholder engagement were recognized as the significant mediator and moderator of these relationships. The implications drawn from the study point to the critical need for construction firms to embrace integrated and sustainable project management models, incorporate technology in their execution, and be keen to involve stakeholders. Therefore, these concepts might be used to raise project-level organizational performance and help to meet more general sustainable development targets in the building sector.

The Dual Quaternion Momentum as the Existing Universe & Black Holes

2025-01-23T15:29:43+00:00

The Interactions: One of the most important concept in Geometry is, distance, which is the Quanta in geometry, while in Material-Geometry the composition of Opposite, the Material-Point which is the Quanta in Chemistry and Physics. As in Algebra Zero,0, is the Master-key number for all Positive and Negative numbers and this because their sum and multiplication becomes zero, and the same on any coordinate-System where ± axes pass from zero, The Rolling of Positive ⊕, constituent on the Negative ⊝, constituent, creates the Neutral Material Point which Equilibrium. Angular-Momentum is identical with Spin and consists the First-Discrete-Energy-Monad which occupies, Discrete Value and Direction, in contradiction to the Point which is Nothing, Dimensionless and without any Direction. Quaternion [(+)↻↺(-)]≡ Box which carries the Principal stress σ between A(+), B(-) which σ, as Centripetal-acceleration is the minimum Energy becoming from the in-storage AB acceleration and is equal to the Gravity Force g. Because of the Revolving and Periodic, acceleration of Gravity g ≡ ± σ exists as the First Energy-Box- ,while in the Second is followed the Local-Extreme-case where Gravity g ≡ ± σ, is altered Locally by changing the Principal-stress σ with an Local-uniform-Pressure → ≡ g k = g. [Force/Area] = G, i.e. The minimum Local - Energy acceleration is the known, Universal Gravitational-constant G = g k = g = σ, for Macrocosm and Microcosm, Obeying Newton`s Laws of motion. Constant G, is the mechanism for the First-kick-Start on the Granular-Energy-monad, g, which Acts in the lightest and less-mass Particle and which is Hydrogen. The Electron-Nutation-Energy due to g effect, is the minimum frequency ≡ = 2,8398447. and which exists in all Atoms. This Energy in Hydrogen-Cave as E-M, Conductor ≡ The Pin of Atom → Plug Into their Sockets, which are the Orbit – Bracket – Hooks ≡ The Hands of Atoms ← i.e. The Atoms Plug with their Pins into the other Atoms-Drains = Holes, and so are Bonded. This is the Resonance frequency between all Atoms, and because Hydrogen is Common to all Atoms, so Bond to Molecules and Crystals and all other Compounds in this Cosmos. The Quaternion , , Energy-Magnitudes are the two Fundamental-motions Produced from any two Opposite [⊕↔⊝]and exist as DUAL-Nature, Universe-Black Holes, as Photon Particle-Wave, & as many others.

The Impact of Artisanal Refinery on Bacterial Community in the Soil from Selected Areas in Rivers and Bayelsa States, Nigeria

2024-11-27T05:35:18+00:00

The soil, which is an intricate and dynamic biological system harboring a vast array of organisms, is directly affected by human activities as well as activities of illegal crude oil artisanal refineries. These activities have led to the introduction of hydrocarbons that range in high level toxicity and danger to human health. Hence creating problems for the ecological system. This study investigates the impact of artisanal crude oil refinery activities on soil bacterial communities in the Niger Delta regions, Okarki, Ododa (Rivers State), and Agba (Bayelsa State). Soil samples were collected and analysed following standard microbiological procedures, while the molecular method was used to characterize the bacterial isolates. Total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) concentration of soil samples was also analysed. The results of the bacteria count obtained from the soil samples for Total Heterotrophic Bacteria Count (THBC) ranged from 3.53 x 10³ to 5.01 x 10³CFU/g, while Hydrocarbon Utilizing Bacteria Count (HUBC) ranged from 2.46 x 10³ to 3.20 x 10³ CFU/g. Total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) concentrations ranged from 107 to 7489 mg/kg around the refinery sites, which indicates soil contamination potential. The bacteria species identified were Bacillus, Staphylococcus, Pseudomonans, Brucella, Acinetobacter, Enterobacter, and Enterococcus. The molecular identification method reveals the following bacteria strains as Bacillus cereus, Brucella anthropi, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. The study emphasizes the intricate nature of soil microbial communities in artisanal refinery-affected regions and the need for long-term research to understand ecological impacts. It calls for effective mitigation strategies and stresses the importance of sustainable environmental management to address challenges posed by illegal artisanal crude oil refineries, advocating for a comprehensive approach.

Etiology, Epidemiology and Management of Diseases: Warfare Between the Pathogen and the Pathologist

2025-01-15T16:16:16+00:00

Perhaps, pathogens are the main biotic factor that cause diseases of plants reducing yield considerably. Man in its interest and effort tries to defend or protect these plants from the harassment by these pathogens. This review tries to look at the pathogen as a causal agent of diseases, disease development and management options employ by the pathologist to bring the pathogen under control. These initiatives to unravel the causes of disease, disease development and management is seen as a “warfare” between the pathogen and the pathologist as each of them is seen to be smarter in its approach. Different strategies from both ends were examined and try to bring to notice of the readers mechanisms by which each of them tries to outwit the other in this battle. There is no doubt that the pathogen is far ahead and the most intelligent among the two. It always tries to be a step ahead and seems to be dictating the pace which gives the pathologist the nightmares or sleepless nights. The pathogen also tries to always set the questions for the pathologist to answer. Nevertheless, the pathologist has never relented in its effort to always find an antidote to the swiftly and slippery nature of the pathogen. In nature’s own wisdom, perhaps it would be impossible for the pathologist to find a lasting antidote, as the day that this happens, plant pathology as a profession would be the thing of the past. The fight for supremacy continues unabated.

Putative Roots of the Embellished Ego of Russian Leaders

2025-01-11T11:44:44+00:00