European Journal of Applied Sciences
type: channel
description: EJAS is an international, open-access journal publishing high-quality research across applied sciences, natural sciences, and interdisciplinary fields. The journal welcomes contributions in physics, chemistry, biological sciences, environmental studies, forestry, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, engineering and technology, architecture and design, fisheries, education, transportation, business, law, media and communication, public policy, social work, and related areas. It also encourages work exploring artificial intelligence in scientific analysis, modeling, design, and innovation. The journal aims to advance practical knowledge, interdisciplinary discovery, and science-based solutions with real-world relevance.
publisher: ScholarPublishing on behalf of Services for Science and Education, United Kingdom
language: en-US
publication name: European Journal of Applied Sciences
issn: 2634-9221
items: Examining the Link Between Identity Management and Object Recognition in Contemporary Trading Markets in Education Using AI
items: Activities and Roles of Older Adults After Retirement: A Review-Based Analysis of Active Ageing
items: Bioequivalence Study of Acemetacin Tablets
items: NMR Single-Pulse Echo in Magnets: Fundamental Formation Mechanisms and Potential Applications for Operation of Spin-echo Processors
items: Device for Implementing the Method of Hydrodynamic Leveling
items: A Review of Polarized Light Microscopy in Food Science
items: https://journals.scholarpublishing.org/index.php/AIVP/article/view/20043
items: Exhaust Gas Temperature Margin of A Jet Engine Cause Impact and Simulation
items: Thermoregulatory Responses and Morphometric Characteristics of Cane Rats (Thryonomys swinderianus) Fed Graded Levels of Elephant Grass and Concentrate Diets
items: Classification and Evaluation Method for Complex Near-Surface Facies in Front of the Longmen Mountains
items: Assessment of Radiological Hazards Associated with Zumba Mining Sites in Niger State, Nigeria
items: Application of Aeromagnetic Data to Assess the Structures, Mineralisation-Porphyry Systems and 2D Modelling of Parts of Northwest Nigeria
items: A New Interpretation of Wave-Particle Duality in Gas-Liquid Systems Based on the Particle-life Hypothesis of UCST
items: Electron Orbiting Patterns and Associated Molecular Formation
items: Improved Intensive Quenching Processes for Global Mass Production
items: Untying the Agronomic Paradox of Weeding Yield Loss under Tropical Dew-fall Conditions
items: Air Quality Evaluation of Built Workspace Environments and Antibiotic Sensitivity to Its Staphylococcus Species
items: A Hybrid NSGA-II - AHP Approach for Multi-Objective Optimization of Two-Stage Helical Gearboxes: Cross-Sectional Area-Efficiency Trade-Off
items: Cyclic Universe Motion in Relativistic Radial Density Theory
items: https://journals.scholarpublishing.org/index.php/AIVP/article/view/20172
items: Mycorrhizae Effect on Growth of Guava Plants (Psidium guajava) Under Nursery Conditions
items: Spatial and Temporal Changes of Technology: Implications of IT on Promoting On-Job Training in Faith Based Organizations in Ugandan Context
items: Cayley Coset Digraphs
items: Political Ecology of Forest Governance in Vietnam’s Central Highlands: Land Use Change, Power Relations, and Environmental Policy
items: Bioequivalence Study of Phenyramidol Tablets
items: Incredible Technological Advances do not Guarantee a ‘Rosy Future’

Examining the Link Between Identity Management and Object Recognition in Contemporary Trading Markets in Education Using AI
type: item
description: This study looks at how identity management and object recognition work together in the newest trading markets. Our main focus is education. AI, or artificial intelligence, is now common in a lot of areas, like trading. We want to find out how better identity management can help with recognizing objects. This change can help people make better decisions in educational trading settings. AI has changed how schools do trading simulations and market analysis. It's important to control who can see what tools and data. This is done by managing identities. Recognizing objects is also very important. It helps you see and understand signals in the market. This article will go into detail about how these two work together. It wants to show how they make trading strategies better in schools.
creator: Nihale Saba
creator: Salahddine Krit
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Nihale Saba , Pr. Salahddine Krit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-19
publication date: 2026-04-19
volume: 14
number: 02
starting page: 325
ending page: 329
doi: 10.14738/aivp.1402.20225

Activities and Roles of Older Adults After Retirement: A Review-Based Analysis of Active Ageing
type: item
description: Population ageing and the extension of the post-retirement period have transformed retirement into a complex stage of life, with significant implications for quality of life, psychological well-being and the maintenance of social roles among older people. This review-based study examines theoretical perspectives that explain the relationship between activity, retirement and quality of life, identifies the main types of activities engaged in by older adults after retirement, and highlights the key factors influencing life satisfaction and the preservation of social roles in this stage of life. The literature analysis underscores the central role of activity, continuity and role theories, complemented by successful ageing models, active ageing perspectives and the life course approach, in explaining how social, productive and symbolic engagement contributes to the well-being of the elderly. Diverse typologies of post-retirement activities are identified, including paid work or self-employment, volunteering, leisure pursuits, physical activity, social and community involvement, educational, religious and personal development activities, each exerting differentiated effects on quality of life depending on context and individual meaning. The findings emphasize that life satisfaction and the maintenance of social roles after retirement are shaped by a complex constellation of individual, psychological, relational, economic and structural factors, with social participation, financial security, psychological resilience, social support and access to community opportunities playing essential roles. The conclusions highlight the need for integrative frameworks and public policies tailored to the diversity of pensioners, aimed at supporting active, healthy and fulfilling ageing.
creator: Sorina Corman
creator: Dana Zamfirescu-Mareș
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Sorina Corman, Dana Zamfirescu-Mareș http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-19
publication date: 2026-04-19
volume: 14
number: 02
starting page: 308
ending page: 324
doi: 10.14738/aivp.1402.20222

Bioequivalence Study of Acemetacin Tablets
type: item
description: Background and Objective: Acemetacin is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) structurally derived as a glycolic acid ester of indomethacin, exerting its pharmacological activity through both acemetacin and its primary metabolite, indomethacin. It is indicated for the management of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, acute gouty arthritis, acute musculoskeletal pain, postoperative pain, and dysmenorrhea. The objective of this study was to evaluate and establish the bioequivalence of Acetudil 90 mg Extended Release Capsules (Test; Santa Farma İlaç San. A.Ş, Turkey) with Rantudil® Retard 90 mg Extended Release Capsules (Reference; MEDA Pharma İlaç San. Ve Tic. Ltd. Şti, Turkey) in healthy adult human subjects under fed conditions. Methods: This was an open-label, balanced, randomized, two-treatment, two-sequence, four-period, single-dose, fully replicate crossover bioequivalence study conducted under fed conditions in healthy adult male and/or non-pregnant, non-breastfeeding female volunteers aged 18 to 45 years with a BMI of 18.50–29.99 kg/m². A total of 48 subjects were enrolled, of whom 47 completed the study. A single oral dose of the test or reference product was administered as per the randomization schedule, and serial blood samples were collected over 18 hours post-dose. Plasma concentrations of acemetacin were determined using a validated LC-MS/MS analytical method. Pharmacokinetic parameters were computed using Phoenix® WinNonlin v8.1, and statistical analysis was performed on ln-transformed pharmacokinetic parameters using SAS® v9.4. The primary pharmacokinetic parameters assessed were Cmax and AUC₀₋ₜ. Bioequivalence was concluded if the 90% confidence intervals (CIs) of the geometric mean ratios (GMRs) of the test to reference product for both Cmax and AUC₀₋ₜ fell within the pre-specified acceptance range of 80.00–125.00%. Results: The geometric mean ratio (Test/Reference) for ln-transformed Cmax was 95.03% with a 90% CI o…
creator: Arjun Arumugam Olaganathan
creator: Geetha Lakshmi Gunasekaran
creator: Nageswara Rao Thalapaneni
creator: Srinivas Gopineedu
creator: Ersin Yildirim
creator: Murat Sari
creator: Büşra Demir
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Arjun Arumugam Olaganathan, Geetha Lakshmi Gunasekaran, Nageswara Rao. Thalapaneni, Srinivas Gopineedu, Ersin Yildirim, Murat Sari, Büşra Demir http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-18
publication date: 2026-04-18
volume: 14
number: 02
starting page: 282
ending page: 286
doi: 10.14738/aivp.1402.20105

NMR Single-Pulse Echo in Magnets: Fundamental Formation Mechanisms and Potential Applications for Operation of Spin-echo Processors
type: item
description: The fundamental mechanisms of single-pulse echo formation in magnets were investigated using lithium ferrite and cobalt as examples. The properties of a single-pulse echo and its secondary signals, as well as the secondary signals of a two-pulse echo of 57Fe nuclei in lithium ferrite, were studied and compared with those in cobalt. The experimental results indicate the efficiency of the multiple-pulse mechanism of single-pulse echo formation and its secondary signals in lithium ferrite, as well as in cobalt at low powers of radio-frequency pulses. At radio-frequency powers above a certain threshold value, the single-pulse echo in cobalt is formed through the distortion mechanism of the radio-frequency pulse. A potential application of NMR spin-phenomenon for operation of spin-echo processors was discussed.
creator: G. I. Mamniashvili
creator: T. O. Gegechkori
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 G. I. Mamniashvili, T. O. Gegechkori http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-19
publication date: 2026-04-19
volume: 14
number: 02
starting page: 287
ending page: 307
doi: 10.14738/aivp.1402.20218

Device for Implementing the Method of Hydrodynamic Leveling
type: item
description: This article discusses a hydrodynamic leveling method and a device for its implementation, which proposes creating a stationary movement of the working fluid in the system due to the initial head in the surge tank. This head must provide the volume of working fluid necessary for a complete measurement process. The system is filled with a conventional conductive liquid, including tap water. This head is maintained by three solenoid valves. The control unit algorithm is designed so that the "start" command restores the fluid communication between the surge tank and the sensors. After the first half-set of measurements, the solenoid valves switch synchronously, and the working fluid flows from the sensors into an additional settling tank. This completes a full measurement set. To start the next cycle, the working (initial) head in the surge tank is restored using a micropump, which pumps the used fluid from the settling tank back into the surge tank through the solenoid valve system. This advancement eliminated the need for a bulky surge tank lifting mechanism, significantly reducing the overall weight of the device and facilitating its transportation.
creator: H. Petrosyan
creator: P. Hambardzumyan
creator: A. Caturyan
creator: Stepan Petrosyan
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 H. Petrosyan, P. Hambardzumyan, A. Caturyan, S. Petrosyan http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-19
publication date: 2026-04-19
volume: 14
number: 02
starting page: 330
ending page: 335
doi: 10.14738/aivp.1402.20143

A Review of Polarized Light Microscopy in Food Science
type: item
description: Some of the basic principles of polarized light microscopy are explained, followed by the problems involved in making automated measurements for meat samples with automated pH changes. Polarized light microscopy is then applied to meat samples on a tilting microscope stage to separate diffuse subsurface reflectance from the gloss of surface reflectance, to explain what is happening when a slice of meat is examined at the macro level in a conventional colourimeter. When meat is cooked, tough connective tissues may be gelatinized, thus increasing meat tenderness. This may be detected by a loss of birefringence using a polarizing microscope. The optical basis of starch granules in polarized light is explained as an interaction of the radial crystalline structure of starch interacting with the rectilinear orientation of a microscope polarizer and analyser.
creator: Howard J. Swatland
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Howard J. Swatland http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-09
publication date: 2026-03-09
volume: 14
number: 02
starting page: 01
ending page: 13
doi: 10.14738/aivp.1402.20094

https://journals.scholarpublishing.org/index.php/AIVP/article/view/20043
type: item
title: Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil using Modified Poultry Droppings as Catalyst. Response Surface Methodology, Artificial Neural Network, and Extreme Gradient Boosting as Modeling and Optimization Tools
description: Poultry droppings was modified with nickel sulphate for the synthesis of biodiesel from waste cooking oil (WCO) with 6.43 % free fatty acid. The catalyst modified was characterized using Brunauer Emmet Teller (BET), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray fluorescent analysis (XRF). Response surface methodology (RSM), artificial neural network (ANN), and extreme gradient boosting (XGB) were employed in modeling and optimizing the process conditions. Box-Behken design (BBD) of four process variables was used in designing the experiment. The biodiesel produced was characterized and its properties compared with established standards. The reusability potential of the catalyst was also assessed. The catalyst characterization revealed high surface area of 355.36 m2/g. Acidic and basic oxides such as CaO, SiO2, NiO, SO3, Al2O3 and Fe2O3 in significant quantities were found present indicating its bi-functionality. Optimum biodiesel yield of 96.82 % was obtained with methanol/oil ratio of 12.98:1, catalyst loading of 3.66 wt.%, temperature of 59℃, and reaction time of 86.45 minutes. RSM, ANN and XGB model were found to be efficient in modeling biodiesel production process with XGB performing best with the highest R2 value of 0.9915. The properties of biodiesel produced were within the acceptable limits when compared with ASTM D6751 and EN 14214 standards.
creator: David Ohimai Ahonkhai
creator: Kessington Obahiagbon
creator: Eghe Amenze Oyedoh
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 David Ohimai Ahonkhai, Kessington Obahiagbon, Eghe Amenze Oyedoh http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-09
publication date: 2026-03-09
volume: 14
number: 02
starting page: 14
ending page: 30
doi: 10.14738/aivp.1402.20043

Exhaust Gas Temperature Margin of A Jet Engine Cause Impact and Simulation
type: item
description: When a jet engine starts, the temperature starts to increase within a range. At various durations of the engine run, there is some temperature. Higher the thrust, higher the heat. This temperature is called Exhaust Gas Temperature. Each type of engine has a maximum allowed exhaust gas temperature and the difference between the actual gas temperature and the maximum temperature is called the Exhaust Gas Temperature Margin. Airlines struggle to know which components should be replaced to obtain desired Exhaust Gas Temperature Margin. Formula for EGT Margin is EGT Margin = EGT Red Line – EGT Take off. Every airline aims to obtain a margin as high as possible. If the margin is very low, it is unsafe to use the engine and it could lead to fire in the engine. The article explains the root cause of lower margin, factors impacting the margin, what can be done to maintain a good margin and what must be avoided at all costs for the safety of the aircraft engine. Currently, there are no directions or guidelines on what engine components can be replaced to improve EGT Margin. The article shows how the simulation data was captured and what methodology was used to obtain the data.
creator: Sandeep Prajapati
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Sandeep Prajapati http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-09
publication date: 2026-03-09
volume: 14
number: 02
starting page: 31
ending page: 42
doi: 10.14738/aivp.1402.20046

Thermoregulatory Responses and Morphometric Characteristics of Cane Rats (Thryonomys swinderianus) Fed Graded Levels of Elephant Grass and Concentrate Diets
type: item
description: The experiment was carried out at the cane rat unit of the Institute of Agricultural Research and Training, Ibadan, to evaluate the thermoregulatory responses and morphometric measurement of cane rats fed graded level of elephant grass and concentrate diet. The experiment was designed to determine the optimal grass- to -concentrate ratio that supports growth and thermal adaptability in captive cane rats. A total of thirty weaned cane rat between the ages of 5-6 months, procured from a reputable farmer with weight ranging from 1342g to 1350g were used for the experiment. The cane rats were allotted into 5 dietary treatments in a completely randomized design. Each treatment was replicated two times with three animals per replicate. The allotted animals were given elephant grass and formulated feeds in ratio: Treatment1 (T1) (25:75 % of mixture of elephant grass and concentrate), Treatment 2 (T2) (50:50 % of mixture of elephant grass and concentrate), Treatment 3 (T3) (75:25 % of mixture of elephant grass and concentrate), and Treatment 4 (T4) (100 % of concentrate) while Treatment 5 (T5) (100 % of elephant grass). The parameters measured were feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion ratio, which was calculated. Thermoregulatory parameters taken weekly were the rectal and head temperature. Also, the morphometric parameters which include body, tail and head length, heart-girth, and rump were also recorded. Data obtained were subjected to descriptive statistics and correlation analysis. It was observed that body weight gain and feed conversion ratio revealed significant (P>0.05) differences among the treatment means. The results indicated that cane rats on T1 with 75% concentrate had the highest feed conversion ratio while, highest feed intake and body weight gain was recorded in T4 (100% concentrate) followed by T3 (25% concentrate). The inclusion of 25% and 100% concentrate diets influenced morphological traits. It is, however, recommended that the optimum growth p…
creator: T. O. Olorungbohunmi
creator: Y. A. Popoola
creator: M. O. Oladele-Bukola
creator: M. O. Olalere
creator: A. O. Adedotun
creator: B. E. Olatundun
creator: S. R. Ajayi
creator: O. T. Ajayi
creator: A. O. Owosibo
creator: A. B. Oludolapo
creator: O. O. Oluwole
creator: A. J. Omole
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Olorungbohunmi, T. O. , Popoola, Y. A., Oladele-Bukola, M. O., Olalere, M. O., Adedotun, A. O., Olatundun, B. E., Ajayi, S. R., Ajayi, O. T., Owosibo, A. O., Oludolapo, A. B., Oluwole, O. O., Omole, A. J. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-13
publication date: 2026-03-13
volume: 14
number: 02
starting page: 43
ending page: 50
doi: 10.14738/aivp.1402.20060

Classification and Evaluation Method for Complex Near-Surface Facies in Front of the Longmen Mountains
type: item
description: The near-surface of complex piedmont zones exhibits strong heterogeneity with significant variations in the thickness and velocity of low-velocity layers, which constitute key technical challenges in seismic exploration. This study proposes the concept, connotation and evaluation framework of near-surface facies, establishes a complete classification and evaluation workflow, and accurately divides the study area into 9 categories and 22 types of near-surface facies. The characteristics and spatial variation laws of near-surface facies are clarified from three dimensions, providing technical support for optimizing seismic exploration parameters. This research addresses the exploration challenges in the Longmen Mountains area and offers a valuable reference for similar studies in complex piedmont zones.
creator: Duan Wen-shen
creator: Liu Sheng
creator: Hu Laidong
creator: Wang Bin
creator: Chen Ming-chun
creator: Tu Yuangen
creator: Liang Yong
creator: Peng Zhang
creator: Lei Yang
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Duan Wen-shen, Liu Sheng, Hu Laidong, Wang Bin, Chen Ming-chun, Tu Yuangen, Liang Yong, Zhang, Peng, Lei Yang http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-13
publication date: 2026-03-13
volume: 14
number: 02
starting page: 51
ending page: 63
doi: 10.14738/aivp.1402.20112

Assessment of Radiological Hazards Associated with Zumba Mining Sites in Niger State, Nigeria
type: item
description: The assessment of radiological associated with Zumba mining sites in Niger State was was carried out using NaI(Tl) gamma ray spectroscopy. The results shows mean activity concentrations 40K 226 , Ra and 232Th is 197.2449 Bq.Kg-1; 48.4357 Bq.Kg-1 and 40.6581 respectively. The total mean for the absorbed dose rate of all the 7 soil samples analysed is 46.0830 ŋGy.h-1 and also the annual effective dose in the study areas ranged from 0.0342 - 0.0893 mSvy-1 (i.e 34 – 89 μSv.y-1), which had an mean annual effective dose of 0.0646 mSv.y-1 ( ie 65μSv.y-1). These results shows that the radiation exposure level for members of the public in the study areas is lower than the recommended limit value of 1 mSv.y-1 (UNSCEAR, 2000). Furthermore, the mean external hazard index (Hext) is 0.1694 Bqkg-1 (ZB3) to 0.4269 Bqkg-1 (ZB7), while its maximum allowed value is (Hext = 1) which corresponds to upper limit of Raeq (370 BqKg-1) in order to limit the external gamma radiation dose from the soil materials to 1.5 mGy y-1. The accepted index value should be equal to or less than unity (Hext = 1). Therefore, it can be deduce said that no radiological hazard is conceptualize to dwellers in the study areas and the miners working on those mining sites. The entire environment is within the permissible dose limit for the workers of the mining sites and also for the agriculture and construction buildings. Therefore, the mining site is safe in terms of radiological hazards.
creator: I K. Suleiman
creator: M. Bashir
creator: A. Ismail
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 IK. Suleiman, M. Bashir, Ismail A. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-17
publication date: 2026-03-17
volume: 14
number: 02
starting page: 64
ending page: 74
doi: 10.14738/aivp.1402.20121

Application of Aeromagnetic Data to Assess the Structures, Mineralisation-Porphyry Systems and 2D Modelling of Parts of Northwest Nigeria
type: item
description: This study takes a close look at high-resolution aeromagnetic data to map out structures, porphyry-style mineralization systems, and the basement configuration in parts of northwestern Nigeria, specifically the Maru, Anka, and Zuru schist belts, along with the nearby Sokoto Basin. The total magnetic intensity data was processed through upward continuation and reduced to the pole, then enhanced using various techniques like analytic signal, first vertical derivative, the application of 3D Euler deconvolution and the Centre for Exploration Targeting (CET) structural and porphyry plug-ins. We constructed three 2D magnetic models along profiles across the basin margin using GM-SYS to better understand the basement relief beneath the sedimentary cover. The analytic signal and first vertical derivative maps effectively distinguish a weakly magnetic sedimentary area in the west from a strongly magnetic basement terrain in the east, revealing major lineaments that primarily trend WNW-ENE, NE-SW, NNE-SSW, and NW-SE. The CET structural density mapping points out zones with high and very high structural densities, while the CET porphyry analysis identifies circular to subcircular magnetic centres that align with these structurally complex areas. Euler solutions suggest that most depth ranges in the basement sector are shallower than 450 m, with some deeper solutions found beneath the sedimentary basin. The 2D models indicate sediment thickness ranging from about 0.55 to 1.2 km over a gently undulating crystalline basement. The combined results highlight several structurally prepared, alteration-related targets that show promise for gold and Pb-Zn mineralization in both the schist belt basement and the Sokoto Basin margin.
creator: A. F. Akpaneno
creator: H. A. Abdullahi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Akpaneno, A. F. , Abdullahi, H. A. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-22
publication date: 2026-03-22
volume: 14
number: 02
starting page: 75
ending page: 99
doi: 10.14738/aivp.1402.19970

A New Interpretation of Wave-Particle Duality in Gas-Liquid Systems Based on the Particle-life Hypothesis of UCST
type: item
description: As the core foundation of quantum mechanics, wave-particle duality and the micro-macro description gap have long been controversial. Based on the Unified Complex System Theory (UCST) particle-life hypothesis, dualistic ontology, this paper presents a self-consistent interpretive framework for wave-particle duality in gas-liquid systems. The framework discards artificial micro-macro leaps and assumes particles have life-like properties: particle nature arises from ether-based material entities, while wave nature stems from two medium vibration modes—mind-driven active vibrations and environment-induced passive vibrations. In gas, statistical superposition of active intrinsic vibrations forms de Broglie matter waves, consistent with Planck’s quantum hypothesis and the UCST gas equation. In liquid, coordinated passive forced vibrations produce classical water waves, satisfying the standard wave equation and UCST macroscopic fluid mechanics. Through active-passive synergistic dynamics, the theory achieves a continuous transition of wave-particle behavior across gas, gas-liquid coexistence, and liquid phases. It maintains consistency with classical mechanics, clarifies the intrinsic origin of wave motion, and offers a unified physical mechanism and mathematical logic for reconciling wave-particle duality across microcosmic and macrocosmic systems, complementing UCST’s unification of microscopic and macroscopic physics.
creator: Weicheng Cui
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Weicheng Cui http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-28
publication date: 2026-03-28
volume: 14
number: 02
starting page: 100
ending page: 123
doi: 10.14738/aivp.1402.20149

Electron Orbiting Patterns and Associated Molecular Formation
type: item
description: In the independent-particle model, the nucleus of an atom consists of nucleons moving about the center of mass in certain orbits. With this, molecular formation is described by principles of quantum mechanics and the behavior of electrons in relation to their nuclei. A lot of time has been spent on the measurement of angular momentum of nuclear states than on the measurement of any other parameter of nuclear physics.1 However, these associated concepts leave a lot of holes when trying to explain molecular formation. Basically, molecules are formed through covalent and ionic bonding. In covalent bonding, atoms share electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration. Ionic bonding involves holding atoms together by an electrostatic force. The general belief is that molecules are formed because the resulting arrangements are more stable than the original atoms, and that stability is achieved when the outermost electron shells are full. However, there is no clear explanation as to how the electrons move and how shell filling creates a stable state. This article attempts to clarify these questions by deviating away from the independent-particle model and assuming a symmetrical orthogonal arrangement of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. Using this arrangement, an electron orbiting model is developed whereby orbiting patterns group elements in accordance with the Periodic Table. This theory is further strengthened when it is found that molecular formation is directly related to magnetic fields produced by orbiting electrons, thus, leading to covalent and ionic bonding. This changes the fundamental way of looking at the nuclear model.
creator: Dana George Cottrell
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Dana George Cottrell http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-29
publication date: 2026-03-29
volume: 14
number: 02
starting page: 124
ending page: 133
doi: 10.14738/aivp.1402.20147

Improved Intensive Quenching Processes for Global Mass Production
type: item
description: The three principles of transient nucleate boiling are used for transition from IQ- 3 technology to IQ -2 technology to obtain the same or even better final results in hardening of machine components. That provides compressive surface residual stresses and super strengthening of materials. It is shown that cooling process in this case is extremely intensive. To provide optimal hardened layer during intensive quenching, it was developed a method for optimizing chemical composition of steel. The proposed method, patented in Ukraine, can be used to sort already existing steels in order to find suitable chemical composition that creates optimal hardened layer in hardened machine components. Cooling time should be interrupted to choose right time for bainitic transformations. Very simple and understandable for wide audience cooling time method of calculation is also proposed for recipes development. These innovations allow refusing from powerful pumps and expensive technology since similar condition of cooling, equal to IQ – 3 technologies, can be performed in already existing IQ-2 and conventional quenching tanks. It makes sense to distribute proposed innovations in the international market.
creator: N. I. Kobasko
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Kobasko N. I. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-29
publication date: 2026-03-29
volume: 14
number: 02
starting page: 134
ending page: 145
doi: 10.14738/aivp.1402.20159

Untying the Agronomic Paradox of Weeding Yield Loss under Tropical Dew-fall Conditions
type: item
description: The foundational paradigm of weed science established through decades of agronomic research posits that weeds act as direct competitors to crops for essential resources, invariably causing significant yield suppression. This principle is particularly emphasized for groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.), a vital legume for global food security, due to its slow initial growth. However, this universally accepted doctrine is challenged by emerging observations from specific agro-ecological niches characterized by pronounced tropical dew-fall, where unweeded groundnut plots have been observed to outperform the weeded counterparts. A field experiment was conducted using a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications to investigate this anomaly. Treatments consisted of a weeded control (W), manually weeded at 45 Days After Planting (DAP), and an unweeded treatment (UW). The results clearly validated the yield anomaly. The unweeded treatment demonstrated 44.9% higher final dry pod yield (150.41 g/plot) compared to the weeded control (103.84 g/plot), translating to 30.96% yield loss attributable to weeding. Unweeded plots also produced 21.5% more pods per plant and 31.7% higher fresh plant biomass. Early growth stages showed no competitive suppression. These findings robustly confirmed that the net effect of weed community in this environment was profoundly facilitative. The results were interpreted as strong evidence for a proposed mechanism where weed understorey enhanced dew capture and retention, and the groundnut crop utilized this supplementary moisture via foliar water uptake. That led to improved water status and photosynthetic efficiency that overwhelmingly offset the costs of below-ground competition. It was concluded that the universal agronomic paradigm that mandates routine weeding for groundnut was not applicable in tropical dew-fall environments and a paradigm shift therefore recommended towards context-specific management that leverages beneficia…
creator: Juana Paul Moiwo
creator: Foday Turay
creator: Tuwoh Weiwoh Moiwo
creator: Georgiana Allie
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Juana Paul Moiwo, Emmanuel Amara, Georgiana Allie, Tuwoh Weiwoh Moiwo http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
volume: 14
number: 02
starting page: 146
ending page: 154
doi: 10.14738/aivp.1402.19937

Air Quality Evaluation of Built Workspace Environments and Antibiotic Sensitivity to Its Staphylococcus Species
type: item
description: The health and wellness of employees can be significantly impacted by the air quality of designed office spaces. The study assessed the microbial, physical and chemical air quality of built environments in Federal University of Technology Akure, Nigeria and sensitivity of associated Staphylococcus species to conventional antibiotics. Air samples were examined for Staphylococcal counts using the settle plate technique and characterized by standard microbiological methods for identification. Physicochemical qualities of studied air samples were determined using standard methods. Bacterial isolates were profiled for antibiotic sensitivity using the disc diffusion technique. Staphylococcal count ranged from 2.4 x 101 to 6.0 x 101 cfu/m3 and 3.8 x 101 to 6.5 x 101 cfu/m3 in air samples of offices with fully air conditioned and offices with open window systems respectively. Presumptive identification confirmed prevalent isolates as Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis. On average, levels of volatile organic compounds, formaldehyde and particulate matter (PM2.5) were higher in air samples of environments with air-conditioned system than environments with open-window system. S. aureus was susceptible to ciprofloxacin (10 µg) at 38.66±3.48 mm zone of inhibition. Findings reveal the presence of Staphylococcus spp. in air samples of built workspace with poor physicochemical qualities. These indicate need for regular monitoring and sanitization so as to mitigate occupation health risks associated with poor air quality.
creator: Olubukola Olayemi Olusola-Makinde
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Olusola-Makinde, Olubukola Olayemi http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-01
publication date: 2026-04-01
volume: 14
number: 02
starting page: 155
ending page: 164
doi: 10.14738/aivp.1402.20182

A Hybrid NSGA-II - AHP Approach for Multi-Objective Optimization of Two-Stage Helical Gearboxes: Cross-Sectional Area-Efficiency Trade-Off
type: item
description: In modern mechanical systems, the design of two-stage helical gearboxes requires a balance between compactness and performance. This study proposes a hybrid multi-objective optimization approach integrating NSGA-II and AHP to minimize cross-sectional area and maximize efficiency. A mathematical model is developed to represent design variables, objectives, and constraints. NSGA-II generates a Pareto-optimal solution set, revealing the trade-off between compactness and efficiency, while AHP is used to select the most suitable design based on objective priorities. The results demonstrate that the proposed approach provides effective optimization and supports rational decision-making in gearbox design. This work offers a practical methodology for developing compact and high-performance transmission systems.
creator: Tran Ngoc Giang
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Tran Ngoc Giang http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-06
publication date: 2026-04-06
volume: 14
number: 02
starting page: 165
ending page: 174
doi: 10.14738/aivp.1402.20176

Cyclic Universe Motion in Relativistic Radial Density Theory
type: item
description: In other to describe of the New Cyclic Cosmological Motion (NCCM) one can start with the Relativistic Radial Density Theory (RRDT). In this theory Planck’s and gravitational parameters can be described as the function of the mass density values. This density is maximal at the minimal gravitational radius and minimal at the maximal gravitational radius. These processes are functions of the radial density values (). For the description of the expansion and contraction of the mass objects one needs to know the related radial density value. These values can be described as the function of the mass (energy) constant, κ. Following the previous consideration here it is developed a new dynamics model of the universe motion. This model is the function of the minimal (not zero) radius (with maximal radial densityand of the maximal (not infinite) radius with the minimal radial density, .
creator: Branko Novakovic
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Branko Novakovic http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-06
publication date: 2026-04-06
volume: 14
number: 02
starting page: 175
ending page: 185
doi: 10.14738/aivp.1402.20120

https://journals.scholarpublishing.org/index.php/AIVP/article/view/20172
type: item
title: Culture for Health Promotion and Improvement of Health Outcome in Southeastern Nigeria: A Comparative Analysis of Kola Nut (Oji), Bitter Kola (Akilu), African Pepper Fruit (Mmimi), and Alligator Pepper as Lens
description: Background: All over the world culture shapes how we perceive pain, what humans describe as good or “good life”, and how people ask for help. Culture is a binder, which influences a person’s health behaviours and psychological resilience. Effective health services are often rejected, where such failed to acknowledge, and respect people’s culture. Objectives: A comparative analysis to determine how cultural or traditional nutraceutical foods such as, Kola nut (Oji), BitterKola (Akilu), African Pepper fruit (Mmimi), and Alligator pepper (Oso oji) could create a road map and pave way for green economy, easy acceptance and use of cultural foods, which evidence has shown to possess potency for health restoration to ensure that findings bring about the desired social change. Theory: Systematic- Comparative Review: Community approach to intervention services. Methods: Searched the Internet, google scholar for data mining, and examined data to learn from the existing evidence about the nutritional, chemical, and phytochemical composition of. Only peer reviewed data obtainable from the internet were included, other sources were excluded. Results: Evidence showed that the aforementioned cultural food are high in macro and micronutrients, as well as phytochemical compounds, which evidence linked with pharmacological properties. Conclusion: Kola nut, Bitter Kola, African Pepper fruit, and Alligator pepper are rich in nutraceutical and being traditional revered food pave way for evidence easy acceptance and use for food and healing remedies.
creator: N. E. Ahajumobi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 E.N. Ahajumobi http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-07
publication date: 2026-04-07
volume: 14
number: 02
starting page: 186
ending page: 197
doi: 10.14738/aivp.1402.20172

Mycorrhizae Effect on Growth of Guava Plants (Psidium guajava) Under Nursery Conditions
type: item
description: Guava (Psidium guajava L.) is the main fruit crop in the Calvillo-Cañones region, with a cultivated area of 6,000 hectares in 2024 and a production of 90,400 tons. Plants for establishing new orchards are obtained primarily through asexual propagation by air layering and cuttings. Both propagation methods use soil as a substrate, and nursery growers do not use products that promote root development to avoid transplant shock. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of mycorrhizae on the development of guava plants. Two experiments were conducted under nursery conditions and the following treatments were evaluated. In Exp.1-2018) 0.0, 3.0, 6.0 and 9.0 g/plant of the mycorrhizae INIFAPMR (Glomus intraradices) and the rooting agent RADIX® 10000 (Indole-3-Butyric acid) at a dose of 2.0 g/plant; whereas in Exp.2-2019) the following treatments were evaluated: 0.0, 3.0, 6.0 and 9.0 g/plant of the mycorrhiza MicorrizaFer (Glomus spp) and the plant growth-promoting bacterium Azospirillum at a dose of 6.0 ml/liter. Guava plants from selection 20, obtained by air layering in 2017 and established in the nursery of the “Los Cañones” Experimental Site of INIFAP, were used. The air layering guava plants were placed under nursery conditions in black plastic pots 15 cm in diameter and 30 cm high, containing composted soil with bovine manure as a substrate. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with five replications, with one plant as the experimental unit. After 97 and 126 days of applying the treatments in Exp.1 and Exp.2, respectively, the following variables were recorded: plant height (PH), number of leaves (NL), basal stem diameter (BSD), fresh weight of leaves (FWL) and roots (FWR), dry weight of leaves (DWL) and roots (DWR), total dry weight (TDW = DWL + DWR) and the DWL/DWR ratio. Results indicated trends toward greater fresh biomass with Radix® and Azospirillum. However, the DWL/DWR ratio of all mycorrhizal treatments showed lo…
creator: José Saúl Padilla-Ramírez
creator: Ernesto González-Gaona
creator: Esteban S. Osuna-Ceja
creator: Víctor Manuel Rodríguez-Moreno
creator: Luis Reyes-Muro
creator: Roberto Sánchez-Lucio
creator: Efrain Acosta-Díaz
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 José Saúl Padilla-Ramírez, Ernesto González-Gaona, Esteban S. Osuna-Ceja, Víctor Manuel Rodríguez-Moreno, Luis Reyes-Muro, Roberto Sánchez-Lucio, Efrain Acosta-Díaz http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-07
publication date: 2026-04-07
volume: 14
number: 02
starting page: 198
ending page: 206
doi: 10.14738/aivp.1402.20193

Spatial and Temporal Changes of Technology: Implications of IT on Promoting On-Job Training in Faith Based Organizations in Ugandan Context
type: item
description: Integrating information technology into on-job training programs can enhance learning outcomes. Emerging technologies are revolutionizing how FBOs approach professional training. Therefore, the study aimed at establishing the implications of IT on promoting on-job training in Faith Based Organizations in Ugandan Context. The study objectives included: to identify the emerging online training platforms for employees among FBOs, to explore the implications thereof for on-job training among FBOs, to analysis the challenges encountered by FBOs in handling on-job training, to assess how best do the FBOs in Uganda perceive and address IT advancement concerns, and to establish what can be employed by the FBOs as an alternative model in addressing obstacles in online job training and skilling. The study was based on a qualitative ethnographic research design. Purposive sampling was used in selecting top management and employees (operational staff). The sample size was guided by the principle of data saturation. Interviews focus group discussions, documentary checklist and participant observation was used providing adequate data, while analyzed basing on thematic, content and narrative analysis. The study revealed that the use of IT in promoting on-job training is a critical aspect of modern organizational development, enabling workers to adapt to technological changes, enhance their skills and abilities, and drive innovation within the FBOs. IT enhance on-job training has a positive impact on on-job training efficiency, effectiveness and employee development. It further allows for the integration of digital resources towards supplementing traditional training methods, leading to improved learning outcomes. It also concluded that IT enables the encoding of subject knowledge and teaching skills into software, allowing for personalized and innovative on-job training approaches. The study concluded that key barriers and challenges of IT includes, unqualified IT employees, data …
creator: Fred Kiwanuka
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Fred Kiwanuka http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-07
publication date: 2026-04-07
volume: 14
number: 02
starting page: 207
ending page: 244
doi: 10.14738/aivp.1402.20181

Cayley Coset Digraphs
type: item
description: In this paper, a new class of digraphs, namely, Cayley coset digraphs associated with a group , a subgroup and a subset of is introduced and it is shown that it is vertex transitive. Further the conditions under which this digraph is connected, complete and has loops and parallel edges are obtained.
creator: Sujatha Suram
creator: Madhavi Levaku
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Sujatha Suram, Madhavi Levaku http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-10
publication date: 2026-04-10
volume: 14
number: 02
starting page: 245
ending page: 256
doi: 10.14738/aivp.1402.20191

Political Ecology of Forest Governance in Vietnam’s Central Highlands: Land Use Change, Power Relations, and Environmental Policy
type: item
description: Changes in land use, migration, and policy changes have all impacted forest governance in Vietnam's Central Highlands. This study focuses on the political ecology of the region, considering how land-use change, power structures, and institutional politics define access to and control over forest resources and shape policy impacts. In Dak Lak, Gia Lai, and Kon Tum provinces, I adopted a multi-scalar and mixed-methods research design, which included household surveys, semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, and policy document reviews to examine how actors interact within the forest governance system. Findings suggest that land-use change, particularly the expansion of rubber and coffee plantations, hydropower development, and conservation initiatives, has reconfigured forested areas and restricted informal access to forests and land. These changes are attributed to the power structures of state actors, private capital, migrating farmers, and indigenous populations, resulting in disadvantages in forest governance and the allocation of forest benefits. Environmental policies, in particular the Payments for Forest Environmental Services (PFES), have increased income and conservation awareness, but remain limited by unequal participation opportunities, low financial incentives, and persistent tenure insecurity. The study, by combining political ecology with access theory, shows that the outcomes of forest governance are conditioned by political, economic, and institutional structures, rather than formal policies alone. The author suggests that governance structures that are more inclusive and that integrate these elements into policy design are likely to be more effective.
creator: Tran Minh Duc
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Tran Minh Duc http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-11
publication date: 2026-04-11
volume: 14
number: 02
starting page: 257
ending page: 270
doi: 10.14738/aivp.1402.20200

Bioequivalence Study of Phenyramidol Tablets
type: item
description: Phenyramidol is a benzyl alcohol derivative with central muscle relaxant and analgesic properties, used in the symptomatic treatment of acute painful muscle spasms associated with musculoskeletal conditions. This study aimed to evaluate the bioequivalence of a test formulation, Draxol® (Phenyramidol HCl 400 mg film-coated tablets, Santa Farma İlaç San. A.Ş., Turkey), against the reference product, Cabral® (Phenyramidol HCl 400 mg film-coated tablets, Recordati İlaç San.), under fed conditions. An open-label, randomized, two-treatment, three-sequence, three-period, single-dose, semi-replicate crossover design was employed in 42 healthy adult volunteers aged 20–45 years. A validated LC-MS/MS method was used to quantify plasma Phenyramidol concentrations across 21 sampling time points over 24 hours post-dose. Primary pharmacokinetic parameters — Cmax and AUC₀₋ₜ — were analyzed using Phoenix® WinNonlin v7.0, with statistical comparisons performed using SAS® v9.4. Of 42 enrolled subjects, 37 completed the study and 35 were included in the statistical analysis. The geometric mean Test/Reference ratios were 104.97% for Cmax and 100.12% for AUC₀₋ₜ, with 90% confidence intervals of 84.70–130.09% and 82.48–121.54%, respectively. No serious adverse events were reported, and both formulations were well tolerated. Bioequivalence was successfully demonstrated between the test and reference products, supporting the therapeutic interchangeability of Draxol® and Cabral® in clinical practice.
creator: Arjun Arumugam Olaganathan
creator: Geetha Lakshmi Gunasekaran
creator: Nageswara Rao Thalapaneni
creator: Srinivas Gopineedu
creator: Ersin Yildirim
creator: Murat Sari
creator: Büşra Demir
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Arjun Arumugam Olaganathan, Geetha Lakshmi Gunasekaran, Nageswara Rao. Thalapaneni, Srinivas Gopineedu, Ersin Yildirim, Murat Sari, Büşra Demir http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-12
publication date: 2026-04-12
volume: 14
number: 02
starting page: 271
ending page: 275
doi: 10.14738/aivp.1402.20104

Incredible Technological Advances do not Guarantee a ‘Rosy Future’
type: item
description: -
creator: Michael Gurevitz
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Michael Gurevitz http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-14
publication date: 2026-04-14
volume: 14
number: 02
starting page: 277
ending page: 281
doi: 10.14738/aivp.1402.20141