Gamification for Arabic Natural Language Processing: Ideas into Practice
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14738/tmlai.54.3323Keywords:
Gamification, Games design elements, Natural language processing, language-based games, Arabic language.Abstract
Gamification is a novel IT development that focuses on how to address the use of games and apply game design techniques in a non-gaming context. Recently, it has significantly attracted several researchers’ attention concerned with different fields such as education, business, and information retrieval, among other fields. Most Natural Language Processing (NLP) applications use large accurately labelled data sets to achieve good performance, but these data sets are hard to obtain. The standard method to produce labelled data has been through manual labour that demands a strong engagement and a heavy financial participation. For these reasons, gamification may offer smooth possibilities for wide improvements in this field. However, gamification by itself may not yield the widely-expected results if the incentives are not strong motivators. Further, based on a previous experience, we strongly believe that even financial incentives are not enough for the participants to increase their contributions. Therefore, we could incentivise the participants, through gamification, and through their need for language acquisition. Thus, language-based games are adopted in this project as a direct incentive and a stronger engagement to ensure the benefits for both NLP practitioners and the language learners. In this paper, we present the first Arabic project that targets all the means to promote and explore the possibilities for research and practical applications of using games and gamification for Arabic NLP. Here, we shed light over the advantages of using a gamified approach in corpus annotation, named entity recognition, and word sense disambiguation.
References
(1) B. Kim, Understanding gamification. American Library Association, 2016.
(2) d for gamification,” in Proceedings of the 50th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS), 2017, pp. 4–7.
(3) L. Naik, “New liquid workforce your competitive advantage: feature-workplace planning,” HR Future, vol. 2016, no. Oct 2016, pp. 26–27, 2016.
(4) J. Young, “Can Library Research Be Fun? Using Games for Information Literacy Instruction in Higher Education,” Ga. Libr. Q., vol. 53, no. 3, p. 7, 2016.
(5) B. Taspinar, W. Schmidt, and H. Schuhbauer, “Gamification in Education: A Board Game Approach to Knowledge Acquisition,” Procedia Comput. Sci., vol. 99, pp. 101–116, 2016.
(6) C. I. Muntean and F. M. Nardini, “Gamification in Information Retrieval: State of the Art, Challenges and Opportunities.,” in IIR, 2015.
(7) D. King, F. Greaves, C. Exeter, and A. Darzi, “Gamification”: Influencing health behaviours with games. SAGE Publications, 2013.
(8) D. Gears and K. Braun, “Gamification in business: Designing motivating solutions to problem situations,” in Proceedings of the CHI 2013 Gamification Workshop, 2013.
(9) F. Xu, J. Weber, and D. Buhalis, “Gamification in tourism,” in Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2014, Springer, 2013, pp. 525–537.
(10) S. D. Ali, “Game Theory & Gamification Applications to Property & Casualty Ratemaking,” 2016.
(11) M. N. Al-Kabi, S. A. Kazakzeh, B. M. A. Ata, S. A. Al-Rababah, and I. M. Alsmadi, “A novel root based Arabic stemmer,” J. King Saud Univ.-Comput. Inf. Sci., vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 94–103, 2015.
(12) I. Bokova, World Arabic Language Day. 2012.
(13) M. B. Yassein and Y. A. Wahsheh, “HQTP v. 2: Holy Quran Transfer Protocol version 2,” in Computer Science and Information Technology (CSIT), 2016 7th International Conference on, 2016, pp. 1–5.
(14) S. Hadžiahmetović Jurida, M. Džanić, T. Pavlović, A. Jahić, and J. Hanić, “Netspeak: Linguistic Properties and Aspects of Online Communication in Postponed Time,” J. Foreign Lang. Teach. Appl. Linguist., vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 1–19, 2016.
(15) M. L. Sakho, “Teaching Arabic as a Second Language in International School in Dubai A case study exploring new perspectives in learning materials design and development,” British University in Dubai, 2012.
(16) I. K. Gharaibeh and N. K. Gharaibeh, “Towards Arabic noun phrase extractor (ANPE) using information retrieval techniques,” Softw. Eng., vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 36–42, 2012.
(17) N. Alsaedi, P. Burnap, and O. F. Rana, “Sensing real-world events using Arabic Twitter posts,” 2016.
(18) A. Al-Dahdah, “The grammar of the Arabic language in tables and lists,” Beirut Maktabat Lebnan Arab., 1989.
(19) M. I. M. S. Ghalayini, Jami’al-durus al-’arabiyah. Turath For Solutions, 2013.
(20) I. Zeroual, A. Lakhouaja, and R. Belahbib, “Towards a standard Part of Speech tagset for the Arabic language,” J. King Saud Univ. - Comput. Inf. Sci., vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 174–181, 2017.
(21) A. Chennoufi and A. Mazroui, “Impact of morphological analysis and a large training corpus on the performances of Arabic diacritization,” Int. J. Speech Technol., vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 269–280, 2016.
(22) M. Attia and J. Van Genabith, “A jellyfish dictionary for Arabic,” in Electronic lexicography in the 21st century: thinking outside the paper: proceedings of the eLex 2013 conference, 17-19 October 2013, Tallinn, Estonia, 2013, pp. 195–212.
(23) R. Tsarfaty, D. Seddah, S. Kübler, and J. Nivre, “Parsing morphologically rich languages: Introduction to the special issue,” Comput. Linguist., vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 15–22, 2013.
(24) M. Shatnawi and B. Belkhouche, “Parse Trees of Arabic Sentences Using the Natural Language Toolkit,” Coll. IT UAE Univ. Al Ain, 2012.
(25) B. Mohit, “Named entity recognition,” in Natural Language Processing of Semitic Languages, Springer, 2014, pp. 221–245.
(26) A. Dandashi, J. Al Jaam, and S. Foufou, “Arabic Named Entity Recognition—A Survey and Analysis,” in Intelligent Interactive Multimedia Systems and Services 2016, Springer, 2016, pp. 83–96.
(27) A. R. Pal and D. Saha, “Word sense disambiguation: A survey,” ArXiv Prepr. ArXiv150801346, 2015.
(28) A. Zouaghi, L. Merhbene, and M. Zrigui, “A hybrid approach for arabic word sense disambiguation,” Int. J. Comput. Process. Lang., vol. 24, no. 02, pp. 133–151, 2012.
(29) M. Alian, A. Awajan, and A. Al-Kouz, “Arabic Word Sense Disambiguation Using Wikipedia,” Int. J. Comput. Inf. Sci., vol. 12, no. 1, p. 61, 2016.
(30) A. Farghaly and K. Shaalan, “Arabic natural language processing: Challenges and solutions,” ACM Trans. Asian Lang. Inf. Process. TALIP, vol. 8, no. 4, p. 14, 2009.
(31) S. Deterding, D. Dixon, R. Khaled, and L. Nacke, “From game design elements to gamefulness: defining gamification,” in Proceedings of the 15th international academic MindTrek conference: Envisioning future media environments,
, pp. 9–15.
(32) L. Lund and P. O’Regan, Gamifying Natural Language Acquisition: A quantitative study on Swedish antonyms while examining the effects of consensus driven rewards. 2016.
(33) T. J. Tiam-Lee and S. See, “Building a sentiment corpus using a gamified framework,” in Humanoid, Nanotechnology, Information Technology, Communication and Control, Environment and Management (HNICEM), 2014 International Conference on, 2014, pp. 1–8.
(34) D. Barisas, A. Duracz, and W. Taha, “DSLs Should be Online Applications,” 2014 Jt. Int. Conf. Eng. Educ. Int. Conf. Inf. Technol. 2-6 June 2014 Riga Latv., pp. 314–319, 2014.
(35) P. Torró, E. and Lloret, E. and Moreda, “Playlingua: Exploring the Application of Natural Language Processing Technologies and Gamification in Language Learning,” Edulearn15, no. April, 2015.
(36) N. J. Venhuizen, V. Basile, K. Evang, and J. Bos, “Gamification for Word Sense Labeling,” Proc. 10th Int. Conf. Comput. Semant., pp. 397–403, 2013.
(37) R. Skiada, E. Soroniati, A. Gardeli, and D. Zissis, “EasyLexia: A Mobile Application for Children with Learning Difficulties,” Procedia Comput. Sci., vol. 27, pp. 218–228, 2014.
(38) C. Foscari and F. Caon, LE PLAISIR DANS L’APPRENTISSAGE DES LANGUES Un défi méthodologique. Perugia.
(39) B. Review, “Handbook of Research on Educational Communications and Technology,” Educ. Technol., vol. 13, pp. 260–263, 2010.
(40) A. Dhir, “Examining the Educational User Interface , Technology and Pedagogy for Arabic Speaking Children in Kuwait,” J. Univers. Comput. Sci., vol. 19, no. 7, pp. 1003–1022, 2013.
(41) S. Dale, “Gamification: Making work fun, or making fun of work?,” Bus. Inf. Rev., vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 82–90, 2014.
(42) J. Hamari, J. Koivisto, and H. Sarsa, “Does gamification work?–a literature review of empirical studies on gamification,” in System Sciences (HICSS), 2014 47th Hawaii International Conference on, 2014, pp. 3025–3034.
(43) S. Vandercruysse, M. Vandewaetere, F. Cornillie, and G. Clarebout, “Competition and students’ perceptions in a game-based language learning environment,” Educ. Technol. Res. Dev., vol. 61, no. 6, pp. 927–950, 2013.
(44) G. G. Smith, M. Li, J. Drobisz, H. R. Park, D. Kim, and S. D. Smith, “Play games or study? Computer games in eBooks to learn English vocabulary,” Comput. Educ., vol. 69, pp. 274–286, 2013.
(45) H.-Y. Sung and G.-J. Hwang, “A Collaborative Game-based Learning Approach to Improving Students’ Learning Performance in Science Courses,” Comput. Educ., vol. 63, pp. 43–51, 2013.
(46) Karkar, J. M. Al Ja’am, S. Foufou, and A. Sleptchenko, “An e-Learning Mobile System to Generate Illustrations for Arabic Text,” 2016 IEEE Glob. Eng. Educ. Conf. EDUCON, no. April, pp. 184–191, 2016.
