International Law of the Sea in North Natuna Sea

Authors

  • Yulian Azhari a:1:{s:5:"en_US";s:29:"Indonesian Defense University";}

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14738/assrj.711.9364

Keywords:

Keywords: China, International Law, North Natuna Sea, and USA

Abstract

The dispute that occurred in the North Natuna Sea has attracted international attention, including the superpower United States of America and the People's Republic of China and countries in the Southeast Asian region. This escalation of tensions occurred when the People's Republic of China built military bases in areas considered the nine dash lines that the PRC claims as part of their country. International law continues to fail to enforce the North Natuna Sea. It is clear that international law has so far tried - and failed - to contain China's advances in the North Natuna Sea. Existing confidence-building measures must match China's increasingly hegemonic claims. If not, the rules-based order will face continued erosion and smaller countries in Southeast Asia will suffer the consequences. This study uses a qualitative approach with socio-historical analysis to reveal past events, especially in the field of maritime law, which are unknown to the international community.

 

References

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REGULATION
Articles 303 and 149 LOSC. For an overview see A. Strati, The protection of the underwater cultural heritage: An emerging objective of the contemporary law of the sea (Martinus Nijhoff, The Hague 1995); Tullio Scovazzi, The protection of underwater cultural heritage: Article 303 and the UNESCO Convention, in David Freestone, Richard Barnes & David Ong (eds.), The Law of the Sea. Progress and Prospects (Oxford 2006) pp. 120-136; Anastasia Strati, Protection of the underwater cultural heritage: From the shortcomings of the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea to the compromises of the UNESCO Convention, in A. Strati, M. Gavouneli & N. Skourtos (eds.), Unresolved Issues and New Challenges to the Law of the Sea (Martinus Nijhoff, Leiden/Boston 2006) pp. 21-62.
Mentioned also by Yoshifumi Tanaka, Zonal and integrated management approaches to ocean governance: Reflections on a dual approach in the international law of the sea, 19 TIJMCL 2004, pp. 483-514, at p. 485.

Article 56 paragraph 1 LOSC. See also François Pulvenis, Zone économique et plateau continental: unité ou dualité, 11-12 Revue iranienne des relations internationales 1978, pp. 103-120.

Article 8 LOSC.
Article 2 LOSC.
Articles 46-54 LOSC.
Article 33 LOSC
Article 55 LOSC
Article 86 LOSC
Article 76 LOSC
Article 1 paragraph 1(1) LOSC.
Presidential Proclamation No. 2667, Policy of the United States with respect to the natural resources of the subsoil and the sea bed of the continental shelf, 28 September 1945, 10 Federal Registry 12303, [1943-48] 3 CFR §68. It was further supplemented by Executive Order No. 9633, 28th September 1945, 10 Federal Registry 12305, [1943-48] 3 CFR §437. See also Donald Cameron Watt, First steps in the enclosure of the oceans. The origins of Truman’s Proclamation on the Resources of the Continental Shelf, 3 Marine Policy 1979, pp. 211-214.

Presidential Proclamation No. 2668, Policy of the United States with respect to coastal fisheries in certain areas of the high seas, 28 September 1945, 10 Federal Registry 12304, [1943-48] 3 CFR §68. Again it was further supplemented by Executive Order No. 9634, 28th September 1945, 10 Federal Registry 12305, [1943-48] 3 CFR §437.
4 Whiteman’s Digest of International Law 1964, at p. 740. See, however, Georges Scelle, Plateau continental et droit international, RGDIP 1955, pp. 5-65.

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Published

2020-12-02

How to Cite

Azhari, Y. (2020). International Law of the Sea in North Natuna Sea. Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 7(11), 354–367. https://doi.org/10.14738/assrj.711.9364