Establishing a Set of Professional Standards for Principals in Taiwan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14738/assrj.710.9182Keywords:
professional standards; principal; Taiwan; fuzzy DelphiAbstract
The purpose of this study is to formulate a set of professional standards for principals in Taiwan. The research methodology employed was fuzzy Delphi. An initial set of 52 standards was formulated and then revised by a panel of 20 experts. The main findings of this study are: the standards are divided into four dimensions: professional knowledge (14 standards), value and vision (11 standards), professional attitude (14 standards), and professional behavior and performance (13 standards). The standards established by this study can be a useful tool for the recruitment of future school principals and a useful instrument for the evaluation of current school principals due to the fact that Taiwan currently lacks a standardized set of professional standards for school principals. This study provided a good example of formulating a set of professional standards for school principals suited to a certain country for having taken its specific local context into account and having learned from the sets of standards in use elsewhere as well.
References
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Ishikawa, A., Amagasa, M., Shiga, T., Tomizawa, G., Tatsuta, R., and Mieno, H. (1993). The Max–min Delphi Method and Fuzzy Delphi Method Via Fuzzy Integration. Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 55, 241–253. Retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/016501149390251C
Karatas, I. (2016). Professional Standards for School Principals in Turkey. Journal of Education and Training Studies, 4(5), 51–63.
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Shin, S., and Slater, C. (2000). Principal Leadership and Mathematics Achievement: An International Computer Study. School Leadership & Management, 30(4), 317–334.
Taipale, A. (2012). International Survey on Educational Leadership—A Survey on School Leader's Work and Continuing Education. Retrieved from www.oph.fi/english/sourcess_of_information/publications
UNESCO and SPBEA (2020). Pacific Regional Principal Standards. Retrieved from https://prqs.spc.int/Docs/School%20Leader%20Standards%20Sept%202010.pdf
Wahlstrom, K., Louis, K., Leithwood, K., and Anderson, S. (2010). Investigating the Links to Improved Student Learning: Executive Summary of Research Findings. New York: The Wallace Foundation. Retrieved from http://www.wallacefoundation.org/knowledge-center/school-leadership/key-research/Documents/Investigating-the-Links-to-Improved-Student-Learning-Executive-Summary.pdf
Waters, T., and Cameron, G. (2007). The Balanced Leadership Framework. Retrieved from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED544245.pdf
Australian Institute for Teaching and School Leadership (2015). Australian Professional Standard for Principals and the Leadership Profiles. Retrieved from https://www.aitsl.edu.au/docs/default-source/national-policy-framework/australian-professional-standard-for-principals.pdf?sfvrsn=c07eff3c_4
BCPVPA Standards Committee (2013). Leadership Standards for Principals and Vice-Principals in British Columbia. Retrieved from http://www.bcpvpa.bc.ca/downloads/pdf/BCPVPAStandards0913.pdf
Clifford, M., Behrstock-Sherratt, E., and Fetters, J. (2012). The Ripple Effect. A Synthesis of Research on Principal Influence to Inform Performance Evaluation Design. Retrieved from https://www.air.org/sites/default/files/downloads/report/1707_The_Ripple_Effect_d8_Online_0.pdf
Department for Education (2015). The National Standards of Excellence for Headteachers. Retrieved from https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/396247/National_Standards_of_Excellence_for_Headteachers.pdf
Department for Education and Skills (2004). National Standards for Headteachers. Retrieved from http://www3.nccu.edu.tw/~mujinc/teaching/9-101principal/refer4-2(2004%20national%20standards).pdf
Fedorchuk, Yu (2019). Professional Standard of a School Principal: Russian and International Experience. Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, 316, 102–106.
Glenewinkel, J. (2011). How Do Superintendents Use the ISLLC Standards to Evaluate Principals? or Do They? Unpublished Ed.D. thesis, Washington State University, August 2011. Retrieved from https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/How-Do-Superintendents-Use-the-ISLLC-Standards-to-Glenewinkel/bdb8fab40f828bbd4724da907042ba4ea9dc7daa
Ingvarson, L., Anderson, M., Gronn, P., and Jackson, A. (2006). Standards for School Leadership. A Critical Review of the Literature. Retrieved from https://research.acer.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1002&context=teaching_standards
Interstate School Leaders Licensure Consortium (2000). Proposition for Quality Professional Development of School Leaders. Washington, DC: Council of Chief State School Officers.
Ishikawa, A., Amagasa, M., Shiga, T., Tomizawa, G., Tatsuta, R., and Mieno, H. (1993). The Max–min Delphi Method and Fuzzy Delphi Method Via Fuzzy Integration. Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 55, 241–253. Retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/016501149390251C
Karatas, I. (2016). Professional Standards for School Principals in Turkey. Journal of Education and Training Studies, 4(5), 51–63.
Leithwood, K., Louis, K., Anderson, S., and Wahlstrom, K. (2004). Learning from Leadership Project: Review on How Leadership Influences Student Learning. Retrieved from https://www.wallacefoundation.org/knowledge-center/Documents/How-Leadership-Influences-Student-Learning.pdf
Manna, P. (2015). Developing Excellent School Principals to Advance Teaching and Learning: Considerations for State Policy. Retrieved from https://www.wallacefoundation.org/knowledge-center/Documents/Developing-Excellent-School-Principals.pdf
Militello, M., Fusarelli, B., Alsbury, T., and Warren, T. (2013). How Professional Standards Guide Practice for School Principals. International Journal of Educational Management, 27(1), 74–90.
Murray, T., Pipino, L., and van Gigch, J. (1985). A Pilot Study of Fuzzy Set Modification of Delphi. Retrieved from https://content.iospress.com/articles/human-systems-management/hsm5-1-11
National College for Leadership of Schools and Children’s Services (2010). Annual Report and Account 2009-10. Retrieved from https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/247982/0268.pdf
National Policy Board for Educational Administration (2015). Professional Standards for Educational Leaders. Retrieved from http://npbea.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Professional-Standards-for-Educational-Leaders_2015.pdf
New Zealand Ministry of Education (2020). Professional Standards for Secondary School Principals. Retrieved from http://www.educationalleaders.govt.nz/Leadership-development/Professional-information/Professional-standards-secondary-school-principals
Pont, B., Nusche, D., and Moorman, H. (2008). Improving School Leadership, Vol. 1: Policy and Practice. Retrieved from https://www.oecd.org/education/school/44374889.pdf
Scott, J. (1990). A Matter of Record: Documentary Sources in Social Research. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press.
Shin, S., and Slater, C. (2000). Principal Leadership and Mathematics Achievement: An International Computer Study. School Leadership & Management, 30(4), 317–334.
Taipale, A. (2012). International Survey on Educational Leadership—A Survey on School Leader's Work and Continuing Education. Retrieved from www.oph.fi/english/sourcess_of_information/publications
UNESCO and SPBEA (2020). Pacific Regional Principal Standards. Retrieved from https://prqs.spc.int/Docs/School%20Leader%20Standards%20Sept%202010.pdf
Wahlstrom, K., Louis, K., Leithwood, K., and Anderson, S. (2010). Investigating the Links to Improved Student Learning: Executive Summary of Research Findings. New York: The Wallace Foundation. Retrieved from http://www.wallacefoundation.org/knowledge-center/school-leadership/key-research/Documents/Investigating-the-Links-to-Improved-Student-Learning-Executive-Summary.pdf
Waters, T., and Cameron, G. (2007). The Balanced Leadership Framework. Retrieved from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED544245.pdf
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Published
2020-10-17
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Wang, R.-J., & Huang, Y.-C. (2020). Establishing a Set of Professional Standards for Principals in Taiwan. Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 7(10), 60–70. https://doi.org/10.14738/assrj.710.9182
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