Rediscovering the Delphi Technique: A Review of the Literature

Authors

  • Milena P. Staykova Jefferson College of Health Sciences at Carilion Clinic Indiana Wesleyan University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14738/assrj.61.5959

Keywords:

Delphi process, reliability and validity, sample size

Abstract

The popularity of the Delphi technique as a research method has declined in the last decades. A review of the literature focusing on the technique presents a new and different opportunity for rediscovering the benefits of this type of research. Few recent studies have examined the process, reviewed the validity and reliability, and identified the appropriate sample size for the technique. In this paper, the author will include a review of the literature to discuss the pros and cons of using the Delphi technique in research.

Author Biography

Milena P. Staykova, Jefferson College of Health Sciences at Carilion Clinic Indiana Wesleyan University

Professor, Department of Nursing

FNP Program Director

References

Akins, R. B., Tolson, H., & Cole, B. R. (2005). Stability of response characteristics of a Delphi panel: Application of bootstrap data expansion. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 5(37), 1-12. doi:10.1186/1471-2288-5-37.

Alexander, D. R. (2008). A modified Delphi study of future crises and required leader competencies. (Doctoral dissertation, University of Phoenix, 2013), ProQuest Digital Dissertations. AAT 3349271.

Asghari, F., Samadi, A., & Rashidian, A. (2013). Medical ethics course for undergraduate medical students: A needs assessment study. Journal of Medical Ethics & History of Medicine, 6(1), 1-7.

Boobonick & Cooper. (2012). A core curriculum for dermatology nurse practitioners: Using Delphi technique. Journal of Dermatology Nurses’ Association, 4(2), 108-120. doi:10.1097/JDN.0b013e31824ab94c

Britten, N., Traynor, V., & Osmond, T. (2018). Developing gerontological nursing competencies: An e-Delphi study. Australian Nursing & Midwifery Journal, 25(7), 42. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com

Burns, N., & Grove, S. (2009). The practice of nursing research: Appraisal, synthesis, and generation of evidence (6th ed.). St. Louise, MO: Elsevier.

Carpenter, A. (2008). Experts' educational content recommendations for nontraditional careers and eighth-grade girls: A Delphi study. (Doctoral dissertation, University of Phoenix, 2008). Retrieved from ProQuest Digital Dissertations. AAT 3370938

Creswell, J. W. (2011). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research (4th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.

Davis, R., Turner, E., Hicks, D., & Tipson, M. (2008). Developing an integrated career and competency framework for diabetes nursing. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 17(2), 168-174. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2702.2006.01866.x

Dekker-Groen, A. M., Marieke F., S., & Stokking, K. M. (2011). Teacher competences required for developing reflection skills of nursing students. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 67(7), 1568-1579. doi:10.1111/j.1365

Dewald, R. J. (2012). Teaching strategies that promote a culturally sensitive nursing education. Nursing Education Perspectives, 33(6), 410-2. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/1269079890?accountid=35812

Douglas, B., & Bonner, A. (2011). Clinical Education for Nephrology Nurse Practitioner Candidates in Australia: A Consensus Statement. Renal Society of Australasia Journal, 7(1), 13-23.

Ferguson, K. (2006). Barriers to completion for nontraditional nursing students in a baccalaureate degree nursing program. (Doctoral dissertation, Capella University-Minnesota, 2006). Retrieved from ProQuest Digital Dissertations. AAT 3223885.

Foth, T., Efstathiou, N., Vanderspank-Wright, B., Ufholz, L.-A., Dütthorn, N., Zimansky, M.,…Humphrey-Murto, S. (2016). The use of Delphi and nominal group technique in nursing education: A review. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 60, 112–120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2016.04.015

Humphrey-Murto, S., Varpio, L., Gonsalves, C., & Wood, T. J. (2017). Using consensus group methods such as Delphi and nominal group in medical education research. Medical Teacher, 39(1), 14–19.

Ito, C., Ota, K., & Matsuda, M. (2011). Educational content in nurse education in Japan: A Delphi study. Nursing Ethics, 18(3), 441-454. doi:10.1177/0969733010385530

Iqbal, S., & Popin-Young, L. (2009). The Delphi method. Psychologists, 22(7), 598-600.

Irvine, F. (2005). Exploring district nursing competencies in health promotion: The use of the Delphi technique. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 14(8), 965-975. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2702.2005.01193.x

Jing Yu, T., Jin Xiu, C., Tao, W., Xian Liang, L., Li Qun, Y., Feng, D., & Yu Jie, W. (2013). Preliminary curriculum design baccalaureate nursing education in traditional Chinese medicine universities: a Delphi Survey. Macau Journal Of Nursing, 12(2), 7-6.

Kennedy, H. P. (2004). Enhancing Delphi research: Methods and results. Journal

of Advanced Nursing, 45(5), 504-511. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2648.2003.02933.x

LaFauci, F. (2009). Second year associate degree nursing students and nursing faculty attitudes towards clinical educational experiences. (Doctoral dissertation, Dowling College, 2009). Retrieved from ProQuest Digital Dissertations. AAT 3367943.

Lakanmaa, R., Suominen, T., Perttilä, J., Puukka, P., & Leino-Kilpi, H. (2012). Competence requirements in intensive and critical care nursing - still in need of definition? A delphi study. Intensive & Critical Care Nursing, 28(6), 329-36. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.iccn.2012.03.002

Lock, L. R. (2011). Selecting examinable nursing core competencies: A Delphi project. International Nursing Review, 58(3), 347-353. doi:10.1111/j.1466-7657.2011.00886.x

Mannix, T. (2011). Using the Delphi technique to develop standards for neonatal intensive care nursing education. Neonatal, Pediatric & Child Health Nursing, 14(3), 25-36.

McPherson, S., Reese, C., & Wendler, M. C. (2018). Methodology update: Delphi studies. Nursing Research, 67(5), 404–410. https://doi.org/10.1097/NNR.0000000000000297

Melnyk, B., & Overholt, E. (2015). Evidence-based practice in nursing &

healthcare: A guide to best practice (3rd ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer.

Neuman, L. W. (2011). Social research methods: Qualitative and quantitative research design (7th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson/Allyn & Bacon.

O'Connor, J. (2008). A study utilizing the Delphi technique to develop a consensus on the importance of certain curricular goals for emergency management associate, bachelor's and master's-level programs in the United States. Journal of Applied Security Research, 3(2), 231-240. doi:10.1080/19361610802135946

Poindexter, K. A. (2008). Essential novice nurse educator role competencies and

qualifications to teach in a pre-licensure registered nurses education program. (Doctoral Dissertation, Western Michigan University, 2009). Retrieved from ProQuest Digital Dissertations. AAT 3316931.

Polit, D. & Beck, C. (2017). Essentials of nursing research: Appraising evidence for nursing practice (9thed.). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins.

Rass, J. (2008). A Delphi panel study of nursing competencies for rural nursing in the state of Maine. (Doctoral dissertation, Capella University, 2008). Retrieved from ProQuest Digital Dissertations. AAT 3320353.

Schell, K. A. (2006, November). A Delphi study of innovative teaching in baccalaureate nursing education. Journal of Nursing Education, 45(11), 439-448.

Skulmoski, G. J., Hartman, F. T., & Krahn, J. (2007). The Delphi method for graduate research. Journal of Information Technology Education, 6, 1-21.

Staykova, M. (2012). A pilot Delphi study: Competencies of nurse educators in curriculum design. Teaching and Learning in Nursing, 7(3), 113-117.

Stiles, J. H. (2005). The charter school leader: In investigation of leadership qualities, knowledge, and experience. (Doctoral Dissertation, University of Phoenix, 2005). Retrieved from ProQuest Digital Dissertations. AAT 3172361.

Tack, J., Boardman, H., Layer, P., Schiefke, I., Jayne, D., Scarpignato, C., … Emmanuel, A. (2017). An expert consensus definition of failure of a treatment to provide adequate relief (F-PAR) for chronic constipation - an international Delphi survey. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 45(3), 434–442. https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.13874

Watson, T. (2008). Public relations research priorities: A Delphi study. Journal of Communication Management, 12(2), 104-123. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13632540810881938

Whitehead, D. (2008). An international Delphi study examining health promotion and health education in nursing practice, education and policy. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 17(7), 891-900. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2007.02079.x

Downloads

Additional Files

Published

2019-01-15

How to Cite

Staykova, M. P. (2019). Rediscovering the Delphi Technique: A Review of the Literature. Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 6(1), 218–229. https://doi.org/10.14738/assrj.61.5959