Unification of Strong-Weak Interactions and Possible Unified Scheme of Four-Interactions
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14738/aivp.85.9116Keywords:
Department of Physics, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, ChinaAbstract
First, various known unified theories of interactions in particle physics are reviewed. Next, strong and weak interactions are all short-range, which should more be unified. Except different action ranges their main character is: strong interactions are attraction each other, and weak interactions are mutual repulsion and derive decay. We propose a possible method on their unification, whose coupling constants are negative and positive, respectively. Further, we propose a figure on the unification of the four basic interactions in three-dimensional space, and search some possible tests and predictions, for example, strong-weak interactions transform each other, some waves may be produced. Finally, based on the simplest unified gauge group GL(6,C) of four-interactions, a possible form of Lagrangian is researched. Some relations and equations of different interactions are discussed.
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(9) S. Weinberg, Phys.Rev.Lett. 27(1971):1688.
(10) I. Bars, M.B. Halpern and M. Yoshimura, Phys.Rev.Lett. 29(1972):969.
(11) I. Bars, M.B. Halpern and M. Yoshimura, Phys.Rev. D7(1973):1233.
(12) J.C. Pati and A. Salam, Phys.Rev. D8(1973):1240.
(13) C. Itoh, T. Minamikawa, K. Miura and T. Watanabe, Prog.Theor.Phys. 51(1974):1575.
(14) H. Georgi and S.L. Glashow, Phys.Rev.Lett. 32(1974):438.
(15) H. Fritzsch and P. Minkowski, Ann.Phys. 93(1975):193.
(16) F. Gursey, P. Ramond and P. Sikivie, Phys.Lett. 60B(19976):177.
(17) X. Calmet, S.D. Hsu and D. Reeb, Phys.Rev.Lett. 101(2008):171802.
(18) R. Blumenhagen, Phys.Rev.Lett. 102(2009):071601.
(19) C.J. Isham, A. Salam and J. Strathdee, Lett.Nuov.Cim. 5(1972):969.
(20) C.J. Isham, A. Salam and J. Strathdee, Phys.Rev. D8(1973):2600.
(21) C.J. Isham, A. Salam and J. Strathdee, Phys.Rev. D9(1975):1702.
(22) S.M. Barr and S. Raby, Phys.Rev.Lett. 79(1997):4748.
(23) Z. Kakushadze and S.H.H. Tye, Phys.Rev. D55(1997):7878.
(24) P. Das and P. Jain, Phys.Rev. D62(2000):075001.
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(27) Yi-Fang Chang, International Journal of Modern Mathematical Sciences. 10(2014):75.
(28) G. Triantaphyllou and G. Zoupanos, Phys.Lett. B489(2000):420.
(29) S. Weinberg, The Quantum Theory of Fields II. Modern Applications. Cambridge University Press. 1995.
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(32) C. Nash, Relativistic Quantum Fields. Academic Press. 1978.
(33) T. van Ritbergen, J.A.M. Vermaseren and S.A. Larin, Phys.Lett. B400(1997):379.
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(46) Yi-Fang Chang, J. Shangqiu Teachers College. 24(2008):57.
(47) Yi-Fang Chang, Internal Review of Physics. 5(2011):340.
(48) Yi-Fang Chang, International Journal of Theoretical Physics. 2(2013):100.
(49) Yi-Fang Chang, International Journal of Modern Applied Physics. 4(2013):69.
(50) Yi-Fang Chang, International Journal of Advanced Research in Physical Science. 1(2014):11.
(51) Yi-Fang Chang, International Journal of Modern Theoretical Physics. 5(2016): 22.
(52) Yi-Fang Chang, International Journal of Modern Applied Physics. 9(2019):1.
(53) Yi-Fang Chang, Hadronic J. 40(2017):291.
(54) J.F. Owens, et al., Phys.Rev. D18(1978):1501.
(55) H. Baer and R.N. Cahn, J.Phys.G. 37(2010)7A:376.
(56) Yi-Fang Chang, International Journal of Theoretical Physics. 7(2018):16.
(57) Yi-Fang Chang, International Journal of Theoretical Physics. 2(2013):53.
(58) P.K.F. Grieder, Extensive Air Showers. Heidelberg, Springer-Verlag. 2010.
(59) T.K. Gaisser, Cosmic Rays and Particle Physics. Cambridge University Press. 1990.
(60) T. Stanev, High Energy Cosmic Rays (second edition). Springer-Praxis. 2010.
(61) Yi-Fang Chang, A preliminary scheme on a unification of four interactions. 1974.
(62) H. Terazawa, Prog.Theor.Phys. 58(1977):1276.
(63) A. Ashtekar, Phys.Rev.Lett. 57(1986):2244.
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(65) T. Jacobsoni and L. Smolin, Nucl.Phys. B299(1988):295.
(66) Yi-Fang Chang, J.Xinyang Normal University. 17(2004)1:30.
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Published
2020-10-23
How to Cite
Chang, Y.-F. . (2020). Unification of Strong-Weak Interactions and Possible Unified Scheme of Four-Interactions. European Journal of Applied Sciences, 8(5), 28–47. https://doi.org/10.14738/aivp.85.9116
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