Developing Youth Leaders: Institutional Social Bonding Influence and Positive Youth Development
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14738/abr.85.8203Keywords:
5Cs, positive youth development, youth leadership, community colleges, institutional social bondingAbstract
The purpose of this research is to identify the factors contribute to Positive Youth Development (PYD) among Community Colleges’ students comprising the 5Cs namely Competence, Confidence, Character, Connection and Caring and Compassion. Moreover, the study highlighted the domains from institutional social bonding that might influence the development of youth at Community Colleges to be a positive leader. The Ecology of Human Development theory, the Developmental Science theory and Social Bonding Theory provide the foundation for this area of study. The framework form Institutional social bonding and 5C’s of PYD elements are recommended. Leadership and PYD are related theoretical based approach in youth development. A youth leadership potential can be unleashed through the development of the 5Cs that lead to positive outcomes. Social bonding with school or institution will nurture and develop the positive characteristics of a leader through involvement, attachment, commitment and trust between both elements.
References
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Brown, R., & Evans, W. P. (2002). Extracurricular activity and ethnicity creating greater school connection among diverse student populations. Urban Education, 37(1), 41-58.
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Damon, W. (2004). What is Positive Youth Development? The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 591(1), 13-24.
Debnam, K. J., Johnson, S. L., Waasdorp, T. E., & Bradshaw, C. P. (2014). Equity, connection, and engagement in the school context to promote positive youth development. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 24(3), 447-459.
Department Of Community College, (2012). Empowerment Of Community Colleges 2013 – 2015. Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia, Putrajaya.
Department of Statistics Malaysia. (2015). Retrieved from www.dosm.gov.my
Fertman, C. I., & van Linden, J. A. (1999). Character education for developing youth leadership. The Education Digest, 65(4), 11.
Geldhof, G. J., Bowers, E. P., Mueller, M. K., Napolitano, C. M., Callina, K. S., & Lerner, R. M. (2014). Longitudinal analysis of a very short measure of positive youth development. Journal of youth and adolescence, 43(6), 933-949.
Gomez, B. J., & Ang, P. M. M. (2007). Promoting positive youth development in schools. Theory into practice, 46(2), 97-104.
Granger, R. C. (2002). Creating the conditions linked to positive youth development. New Directions for Student Leadership, 2002(95), 149-164.
Hawkins, J. D., Guo, J., Hill, K. G., Battin-Pearson, S., & Abbott, R. D. (2001). Long-term effects of the Seattle Social Development Intervention on school bonding trajectories. Applied Developmental Science, 5(4), 225-236.
Hirschi, T. (1969). Causes of delinquency. Berkley, CA: University of California Press
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Jenkins, P. H. (1997). School delinquency and the school social bond. Journal of research in crime and delinquency, 34(3), 337-367.
Kress, C. A. (2006). Youth leadership and youth development: Connections and questions. New Directions for Student Leadership, 2006(109), 45-56.
Larson, R. W. (2000). Toward a psychology of positive youth development. American Psychologist, 55(1), 170.
Lerner, R. M. (1992). Dialectics, developmental contextualism and the further enhancement of theory about puberty and psychosocial development. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 12(4), 366-388.
Lerner, R. M. (2004). Liberty: Thriving and civic engagement among America's youth. Sage Publications.
Lerner, R. M., & Steinberg, L. (2009). Handbook of Adolescent Psychology, Individual Bases of Adolescent Development (Vol. 1). Canada: John Wiley & Sons.
Lerner, R. M., Abo-Zena, M., Bebiroglu, N., Brittian, A., Lynch, A. D., & Issac, S. (2009). Positive youth development: Contemporary theoretical perspectives. Adolescent health: Understanding and preventing risk behaviors, 1, 115-128.
Lerner, R. M., Almerigi, J. B., Theokas, C., & Lerner, J. V. (2005). Positive youth development. Journal of Early Adolescence, 25(1), 10-16.
Lerner, R. M., Wang, J., Chase, P. A., Gutierrez, A. S., Harris, E. M., Rubin, R. O., & Yalin, C. (2014). Using relational developmental systems theory to link program goals, activities, and outcomes: The sample case of the 4‐H Study of Positive Youth Development. New directions for youth development, 2014(144), 17-30.
Li, Y., Bebiroglu, N., Phelps, E., Lerner, R. M., & Lerner, J. V. (2016). Out-of-school time activity participation, school engagement and positive youth development: Findings from the 4-H study of positive youth development. Journal of Youth Development, 3(3), 22.
Libbey, H. P. (2004). Measuring student relationships to school: Attachment, bonding, connectedness, and engagement. Journal of school health, 74(7), 274-283.
Malaysia Education Blueprint 2015-2025 (Higher Education). (2015). Retrieved from www.mohe.gov.my
Malaysia Youth Policy, (2015). Ministry of Youth and Sports Malaysia, Putrajaya
Martinek, T., Schilling, T., & Hellison, D. (2006). The development of compassionate and caring leadership among adolescents. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 11(2), 141-157.
Mortensen, J., Lichty, L., Foster‐Fishman, P., Harfst, S., Hockin, S., Warsinske, K., & Abdullah, K. (2014). Leadership through a youth lens: Understanding youth conceptualizations of leadership. Journal of Community Psychology, 42(4), 447-462.
Mouton, S. G., Hawkins, J., McPherson, R. H., & Copley, J. (1996). School attachment: Perspectives of low‐attached high school students. Educational Psychology, 16(3), 297-304.
O'Donoghue, J. L., Kirshner, B., & McLaughlin, M. (2002). Introduction: Moving youth participation forward. New Directions for Student Leadership, 2002(96), 15-26.
Park, N. (2004). The role of subjective well-being in positive youth development. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 591(1), 25-39.
Rosenfeld, L. B., Richman, J. M., & Bowen, G. L. (2000). Social support networks and school outcomes: The centrality of the teacher. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 17(3), 205-226.
Roth, J. L., & Brooks-Gunn, J. (2003). What exactly is a youth development program? Answers from research and practice. Applied developmental science, 7(2), 94-111.
Roth, J., Brooks-Gunn, J., Murray, L., & Foster, W. (1998). Promoting healthy adolescents: Synthesis of youth development program evaluations. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 8(4), 423-459.
Shek, D. T., & Merrick, J. (2015). Positive youth development. International Journal of Child Health and Human Development, 8(2), 109.
Theokas, C., Almerigi, J. B., Lerner, R. M., Dowling, E. M., Benson, P. L., Scales, P. C., & von Eye, A. (2005). Conceptualizing and modeling individual and ecological asset components of thriving in early adolescence. Journal of Early Adolescence, 25(1), 113-143.
Tunggak, B., Ngadi, S., & Naim, H. A. (2015). Students Delinquency and Proposed Solutions Through Teen Model of Conduct/Integrated Muslim Students. Jurnal Hadhari: An International Journal, 7(2), 11-30.
Turiman, S. et al. (2008). “Pembangunan Belia ke Arah 2057: Isu dan Cabaran” dalam Jurnal Pembangunan Belia Malaysia, 1, ms.1-13.
Wheeler, W., & Edlebeck, C. (2006). Leading, learning, and unleashing potential: Youth leadership and civic engagement. New Directions for Student Leadership, 2006(109), 89-97.
Whiteside-Mansell, L., Weber, J. L., Moore, P. C., Johnson, D., Williams, E. R., Ward, W. L., Ward, W.L., Robbins, J.M. & Phillips, B. A. (2015). School Bonding in Early Adolescence Psychometrics of the Brief Survey of School Bonding. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 35(2), 245-275
Benson, P. L., & C. Scales, P. (2009). The definition and preliminary measurement of thriving in adolescence. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 4(1), 85-104.
Benson, P. L., & Scales, P. C. (2012). Developmental assets. In Encyclopedia of Adolescence (pp. 667-683). Springer US.
Benson, P. L., Scales, P. C., Hamilton, S. F., & Sesma, A. (2006). Positive youth development: Theory, research, and applications. John Wiley & Sons, Inc..
Bowers, E. P., Li, Y., Kiely, M. K., Brittian, A., Lerner, J. V., & Lerner, R. M. (2010). The five Cs model of positive youth development: A longitudinal analysis of confirmatory factor structure and measurement invariance. Journal of youth and adolescence, 39(7), 720-735.
Brown, R., & Evans, W. P. (2002). Extracurricular activity and ethnicity creating greater school connection among diverse student populations. Urban Education, 37(1), 41-58.
Catalano, R. F., Berglund, M. L., Ryan, J. A., Lonczak, H. S., & Hawkins, J. D. (2004). Positive youth development in the United States: Research findings on evaluations of positive youth development programs. The annals of the American academy of political and social science, 591(1), 98-124.
Damon, W. (2004). What is Positive Youth Development? The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 591(1), 13-24.
Debnam, K. J., Johnson, S. L., Waasdorp, T. E., & Bradshaw, C. P. (2014). Equity, connection, and engagement in the school context to promote positive youth development. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 24(3), 447-459.
Department Of Community College, (2012). Empowerment Of Community Colleges 2013 – 2015. Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia, Putrajaya.
Department of Statistics Malaysia. (2015). Retrieved from www.dosm.gov.my
Fertman, C. I., & van Linden, J. A. (1999). Character education for developing youth leadership. The Education Digest, 65(4), 11.
Geldhof, G. J., Bowers, E. P., Mueller, M. K., Napolitano, C. M., Callina, K. S., & Lerner, R. M. (2014). Longitudinal analysis of a very short measure of positive youth development. Journal of youth and adolescence, 43(6), 933-949.
Gomez, B. J., & Ang, P. M. M. (2007). Promoting positive youth development in schools. Theory into practice, 46(2), 97-104.
Granger, R. C. (2002). Creating the conditions linked to positive youth development. New Directions for Student Leadership, 2002(95), 149-164.
Hawkins, J. D., Guo, J., Hill, K. G., Battin-Pearson, S., & Abbott, R. D. (2001). Long-term effects of the Seattle Social Development Intervention on school bonding trajectories. Applied Developmental Science, 5(4), 225-236.
Hirschi, T. (1969). Causes of delinquency. Berkley, CA: University of California Press
Holsen, I., Geldhof, J., Larsen, T., & Aardal, E. (2016). The Five Cs of Positive Youth Development in Norway Assessment and Associations with Positive and Negative Outcomes. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 0165025416645668.
Jenkins, P. H. (1997). School delinquency and the school social bond. Journal of research in crime and delinquency, 34(3), 337-367.
Kress, C. A. (2006). Youth leadership and youth development: Connections and questions. New Directions for Student Leadership, 2006(109), 45-56.
Larson, R. W. (2000). Toward a psychology of positive youth development. American Psychologist, 55(1), 170.
Lerner, R. M. (1992). Dialectics, developmental contextualism and the further enhancement of theory about puberty and psychosocial development. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 12(4), 366-388.
Lerner, R. M. (2004). Liberty: Thriving and civic engagement among America's youth. Sage Publications.
Lerner, R. M., & Steinberg, L. (2009). Handbook of Adolescent Psychology, Individual Bases of Adolescent Development (Vol. 1). Canada: John Wiley & Sons.
Lerner, R. M., Abo-Zena, M., Bebiroglu, N., Brittian, A., Lynch, A. D., & Issac, S. (2009). Positive youth development: Contemporary theoretical perspectives. Adolescent health: Understanding and preventing risk behaviors, 1, 115-128.
Lerner, R. M., Almerigi, J. B., Theokas, C., & Lerner, J. V. (2005). Positive youth development. Journal of Early Adolescence, 25(1), 10-16.
Lerner, R. M., Wang, J., Chase, P. A., Gutierrez, A. S., Harris, E. M., Rubin, R. O., & Yalin, C. (2014). Using relational developmental systems theory to link program goals, activities, and outcomes: The sample case of the 4‐H Study of Positive Youth Development. New directions for youth development, 2014(144), 17-30.
Li, Y., Bebiroglu, N., Phelps, E., Lerner, R. M., & Lerner, J. V. (2016). Out-of-school time activity participation, school engagement and positive youth development: Findings from the 4-H study of positive youth development. Journal of Youth Development, 3(3), 22.
Libbey, H. P. (2004). Measuring student relationships to school: Attachment, bonding, connectedness, and engagement. Journal of school health, 74(7), 274-283.
Malaysia Education Blueprint 2015-2025 (Higher Education). (2015). Retrieved from www.mohe.gov.my
Malaysia Youth Policy, (2015). Ministry of Youth and Sports Malaysia, Putrajaya
Martinek, T., Schilling, T., & Hellison, D. (2006). The development of compassionate and caring leadership among adolescents. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 11(2), 141-157.
Mortensen, J., Lichty, L., Foster‐Fishman, P., Harfst, S., Hockin, S., Warsinske, K., & Abdullah, K. (2014). Leadership through a youth lens: Understanding youth conceptualizations of leadership. Journal of Community Psychology, 42(4), 447-462.
Mouton, S. G., Hawkins, J., McPherson, R. H., & Copley, J. (1996). School attachment: Perspectives of low‐attached high school students. Educational Psychology, 16(3), 297-304.
O'Donoghue, J. L., Kirshner, B., & McLaughlin, M. (2002). Introduction: Moving youth participation forward. New Directions for Student Leadership, 2002(96), 15-26.
Park, N. (2004). The role of subjective well-being in positive youth development. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 591(1), 25-39.
Rosenfeld, L. B., Richman, J. M., & Bowen, G. L. (2000). Social support networks and school outcomes: The centrality of the teacher. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 17(3), 205-226.
Roth, J. L., & Brooks-Gunn, J. (2003). What exactly is a youth development program? Answers from research and practice. Applied developmental science, 7(2), 94-111.
Roth, J., Brooks-Gunn, J., Murray, L., & Foster, W. (1998). Promoting healthy adolescents: Synthesis of youth development program evaluations. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 8(4), 423-459.
Shek, D. T., & Merrick, J. (2015). Positive youth development. International Journal of Child Health and Human Development, 8(2), 109.
Theokas, C., Almerigi, J. B., Lerner, R. M., Dowling, E. M., Benson, P. L., Scales, P. C., & von Eye, A. (2005). Conceptualizing and modeling individual and ecological asset components of thriving in early adolescence. Journal of Early Adolescence, 25(1), 113-143.
Tunggak, B., Ngadi, S., & Naim, H. A. (2015). Students Delinquency and Proposed Solutions Through Teen Model of Conduct/Integrated Muslim Students. Jurnal Hadhari: An International Journal, 7(2), 11-30.
Turiman, S. et al. (2008). “Pembangunan Belia ke Arah 2057: Isu dan Cabaran” dalam Jurnal Pembangunan Belia Malaysia, 1, ms.1-13.
Wheeler, W., & Edlebeck, C. (2006). Leading, learning, and unleashing potential: Youth leadership and civic engagement. New Directions for Student Leadership, 2006(109), 89-97.
Whiteside-Mansell, L., Weber, J. L., Moore, P. C., Johnson, D., Williams, E. R., Ward, W. L., Ward, W.L., Robbins, J.M. & Phillips, B. A. (2015). School Bonding in Early Adolescence Psychometrics of the Brief Survey of School Bonding. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 35(2), 245-275
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Published
2020-05-25
How to Cite
Mohamed, N. H., & Hassan, S. A. A. (2020). Developing Youth Leaders: Institutional Social Bonding Influence and Positive Youth Development. Archives of Business Research, 8(5), 137–142. https://doi.org/10.14738/abr.85.8203
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