Archives of Business Research https://journals.scholarpublishing.org/index.php/ABR <p><strong>Archives of Business Research </strong><strong>(ISSN 2054-7404)</strong> is an international, double-blind peer-reviewed, open-access journal published by the Services for Science and Education, United Kingdom. This journal is published online <strong>monthly</strong> to keep readers up to date with the latest developments.</p> <p>The <strong>Archives of Business Research (ABR)</strong> applies theory developed from <strong>business research</strong> to actual <strong>business</strong> situations. Recognizing the intricate relationships between the many areas of <strong>business activity</strong>, <em>ABR</em> examines a wide variety of business <strong>decisions</strong>, <strong>processes</strong> and <strong>activities</strong> within the actual business setting.</p> <p>Theoretical and empirical advances in buyer behaviour, finance, organizational theory and behaviour, marketing, risk and insurance and international business are evaluated on a regular basis. Published for executives, researchers and scholars alike, the Journal aids the application of empirical research to practical situations and theoretical findings to the reality of the business world.</p> <p>The scopes of the journal include, but are not limited to, the following topics: business, marketing, management, finance, economics, accounting. It provides an academic platform for professionals and researchers to contribute innovative work in the field.</p> en-US abr@scholarpublishing.org (Thomas Harvey) abr@scholarpublishing.org (Olivia Adam) Wed, 06 Nov 2024 18:08:16 +0000 OJS 3.2.1.4 http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss 60 Entrepreneurial Influencers: Harnessing History to Guide Contemporary Opportunities https://journals.scholarpublishing.org/index.php/ABR/article/view/17890 <p><em>This research utilizes management and entrepreneurial philosophies from Robert S. Abbott to highlight the life and accomplishments of an early influencer and the principles that contributed to his entrepreneurial success. In addition to exploring the influence of an early figure, the study employs essential pedagogy to develop an initial model that formulates a value proposition rationale for contemporary social media influencers who seek to leverage their influence for entrepreneurial gain. </em></p> Erastus Ndinguri, Jessica Hill Copyright (c) 2024 Erastus Ndinguri, Jessica Hill http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://journals.scholarpublishing.org/index.php/ABR/article/view/17890 Sat, 16 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Vetting the Extrapolation Caution of Tamhane & Dunlop: A Time Series Forecasting Analysis https://journals.scholarpublishing.org/index.php/ABR/article/view/17837 <p><em>Context</em> In forecasting there are only two classes of Projections:<em> Extrapolations </em>or <em>Interpolations</em>. Interestingly, <em>Interpolations</em> usually, all but guarantee, that the theoretical expectations that rationalize the veracity of the forecasting profiles are the likely State of Nature<em>. Simply</em>: The [1-a]% Forecasting Prediction Interval [FPI] provides the expected-intel with a frequency of [1-a]%. However, for <em>Extrapolations</em>, [T&amp;D] [8 p. 363] offer the following “<em>Forecasting Bump in the Road</em>” <em>T&amp;D Conjecture</em>: <em>“- - -extrapolation beyond the range of the data is a risky business should be avoided.” </em>If T&amp;D are correct that: <em>Forecasting Extrapolations somehow compromise the linkages of the Projection of the Past into a Relevant Future</em>, <em>Then</em>, indeed, Extrapolations should be avoided. T&amp;D’s theoretical and experientially based caution has garnered very little vetting interest—<em>Voilà</em>: <em>The motivation for our research report</em>. <em>Research Elements</em> Initially, we offer a detailed analysis of the <em>mathematical nature</em> of an Extrapolation as it affects the Precision of the 95% Time Series [TS] Forecasting Prediction Interval [<em>95%TSFPIs</em>]. This is critical as, interestingly, T&amp;D offer no detailed support for their <em>risky business</em> musing. For the inferential testing stage, we will use as the Y-Response Variate: <em>The Capture Rate of the 95%TSFPIs</em>. As we are using a DOE-Inferential Model, we are opting for two-Category Covariates: <em>Extrapolations</em>—[<em>As they are the focus of our inquiry.</em>] &amp; <em>Panel-Variation</em>—measured as the Coefficient of Determination [<em>CoD</em>]—[<em>As variation is the bane of forecasting.</em>]. For DOE: testing, we have selected a random sample of 202 Panels from the S&amp;P<sub>500</sub>; for each Panel there are Three TS-Extrapolations and also Three [CoD-screens]. <em>Results</em> We found clear inferential evidence that as <em>the Extrapolations move away from the mean of the TS time-index &amp; The CoD increases </em>that certain DOE-{Ext &amp; CoD} Tukey-Kramer HSD-interaction-profiles suggest a <em>failure</em> to realizes the theoretical expectations of the Capture Rate of the 95%TSFPIs. We offer, for the first time, a deconstruction of these very interesting inferential DOE-results <em>that rationalize T&amp;D’s risky business musing.</em></p> Moncef Belhadjali, Edward J. Lusk Copyright (c) 2024 Moncef Belhadjali, Edward J. Lusk http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://journals.scholarpublishing.org/index.php/ABR/article/view/17837 Sat, 09 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Global Tax Risk of Imports: Is Royalty Payment Included in Customs Import Valuation? https://journals.scholarpublishing.org/index.php/ABR/article/view/17822 <p>Prompted by the need to expand to overseas market, numerous multinational companies (MNCs) engage in import and export. From the perspective of global tax, one significant tax risk regarding customs duty is considered as neglected. In recent years, several evidence has shown the necessary concerns in relation to customs duty. This study empirically examines the current legislations and latest trends of enforcement and valuation of import customs in major countries or regions, especially as they relate to the payment of royalties from overseas affiliates of MNCs to the headquarters. A single-case study was adopted to investigate and elaborate the issues associated with import custom practice of a typical Japanese MNCs. The findings indicate that the persons in charge or management seniors, besides the department of custom declaration, did not alert of or recognize any tax risks of royalty payment influencing import custom valuation and calculation. Relevant insights and recommendations are enumerated for future reference by other MNCs.</p> Lau Chung Ming Copyright (c) 2024 Lau Chung Ming http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://journals.scholarpublishing.org/index.php/ABR/article/view/17822 Sat, 09 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Perishable Product Inventory Model by Considering Expiration Period and Discount Factor https://journals.scholarpublishing.org/index.php/ABR/article/view/17902 <p>The grocery stores usually sell the deterioration (perishable) products. One example of a deterioration product is 1-liter packaged milk product. Often when approaching or even reaching the expiration date, those products still cannot be sold out but with the discount offered, it is hope that those products will be sold more. It is necessary to determine the time for giving the discount and the discount rate that give the optimal net profit. This study develops a deterioration product inventory model by considering the expiration factor and the discount factor. By providing the required parameter values ​​in the model, a simulation was carried out, and it can be determined the level of inventory, the time of the discount offered, and the amount of the discount offered, which results in an optimal net profit.</p> Kinley Aritonang, Loren Pratiwi, Cherish Ricardo, Marihot Nainggolan, Nicholaus Ivan Chandra Copyright (c) 2024 Kinley Aritonang, Loren Pratiwi, Cherish Ricardo, Marihot Nainggolan, Nicholaus Ivan Chandra http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://journals.scholarpublishing.org/index.php/ABR/article/view/17902 Sun, 24 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Bilateral Cooperation Between China and Peru Under the Belt and Road Initiative --From Strategic Layout to Future Prospects https://journals.scholarpublishing.org/index.php/ABR/article/view/17875 <p>In recent years, the bilateral relationship between China and Peru has developed rapidly, especially with the advancement of China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), leading to significant progress in cooperation across areas such as economy, trade, and investment. As a major country in Latin America, Peru holds unique advantages in terms of its geopolitical location, resource reserves, and market potential, making it a key partner for China within the region. This paper explores the background of Sino-Peruvian relations, the advancement of the BRI in Latin America, and the strategic importance of Peru's Chancay Port project.</p> Guo Yang, Hu Maolin, Zhang Zhipeng Copyright (c) 2024 Guo Yang, Hu Maolin, Zhang Zhipeng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://journals.scholarpublishing.org/index.php/ABR/article/view/17875 Sat, 16 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Exploration of Digital Teaching Faced by Teachers in the Pandemic Era https://journals.scholarpublishing.org/index.php/ABR/article/view/17830 <p>The COVID-19 pandemic has prompted a significant shift to remote work and distance learning, requiring individuals to adapt to new technologies. This study analyzed data from 2,500 junior high school teachers in Chaiyi, Taiwan, revealing that high system service quality positively impacts teaching competencies, teacher involvement, and effectiveness. Despite advancements in digital tools, challenges such as equipment availability and varying teacher willingness hinder widespread adoption. Effective remote teaching requires ongoing support from institutions and the enhancement of teachers' digital literacy to ensure optimal learning outcomes.</p> Li-Chuan Chu, Yi-Te Lee Copyright (c) 2024 Li-Chuan Chu, Yi-Te Lee http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://journals.scholarpublishing.org/index.php/ABR/article/view/17830 Fri, 15 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000 Economic Growth, Money Supply, Government Spending, Government Revenue and Inflation in Nigeria: An Empirical Perspective https://journals.scholarpublishing.org/index.php/ABR/article/view/17801 <p>This study examines the relationship between real GDP (RGDP) and key economic variables—money supply, inflation, government spending, government revenue, and exchange rates—in Nigeria from 2004 to 2019. Using a multiple regression model, the findings reveal a strong fit, with an R Square value of 0.723, indicating that 72.3% of the variability in RGDP is explained by the model. The results show that government spending and revenue have a significant positive impact on economic growth, while inflation and money supply are associated with negative effects. The exchange rate also positively influences RGDP, though to a lesser extent. These findings highlight the importance of prudent fiscal and monetary policies in fostering sustained economic growth in Nigeria.</p> Alan Harper, Raufu Sokunle, Israel Rachevski Copyright (c) 2024 Alan Harper, Raufu Sokunle, Israel Rachevski http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://journals.scholarpublishing.org/index.php/ABR/article/view/17801 Sat, 09 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000