Archives of Business Research

Earnings Management, Executive Digital Literacy, Investor Sentiment, and ESG Performance: Evidence from LQ-45 Firms in Indonesia

2026-01-06T15:27:04+00:00

This study investigates earnings management in firms included in the LQ-45 index of the Indonesian capital market. The analysis focuses on executive digital literacy, investor sentiment, and Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) performance, alongside several firm-level financial controls. Panel data consisting of 84 firm-year observations are analyzed using a Fixed Effects Model (FEM) to account for unobserved, time-invariant firm-specific characteristics. The estimation results indicate that the regression model is jointly significant and explains a moderate proportion of the variation in earnings management. However, executive digital literacy, investor sentiment, and ESG performance do not show statistically significant associations with earnings management. By contrast, operating cash flow and leverage are negatively and significantly related to earnings management, suggesting that firms with stronger internal cash generation and greater debt-related monitoring tend to exhibit lower levels of opportunistic reporting. Profitability, firm size, and sales growth are not found to be significant determinants. Taken together, after controlling for firm-specific heterogeneity, variations in earnings management appear to be more closely associated with firms’ financial conditions than with non-financial characteristics within the sampled firms.

Strategic Intent of Hospital Mergers and Acquisitions: Then and Now

2025-12-30T01:15:24+00:00

The hospital mergers-and-acquisitions (M&A) trend is reviewed in terms of duration in and impact on US health care. This information supports an understanding of the strategic intent of M&As. Hospital mergers and acquisitions fostered the creation of integrated delivery networks to enhance competitive and volume-profit capacity. The value of this initial strategic intent is discussed in relation to today’s emerging population-community health and health status emphasis. Subsequent insights foster views about future expectations of and behaviors from the national system. M&As are projected to continue albeit with an expanded focus on population and community health services.

A Study of Marketing Strategies for Electricity Pricing Plans Considering Willingness to Pay for Renewable Energy

2025-12-28T02:50:16+00:00

This research aims to create a power plan that takes into account consumer preferences in order to promote the spread of renewable energy. First, we built a mathematical model using a five-point questionnaire and conjoint cards. Next, we conducted a survey reflecting consumer attitudes and comparing them to existing power plans. Ultimately, we analyzed the obtained data using a mathematical model to clarify the amount of renewable energy that consumers accept and their needs.

How to Promote Manufacturing with Inward FDI in Developing Countries? Lessons from China

2025-12-18T05:51:53+00:00

Inward foreign direct investment (FDI) has been prioritized as a key instrument for promoting manufacturing in developing economies, yet its expected gains have not materialized in many countries. As an exception, China represents the most prominent case of a developing country that strategically harnessed FDI to achieve large-scale manufacturing upgrading. Using the Chinese manufacturing data, this paper shows how effective outcomes depend on strategic policy direction, coordinated institutions, and sustained investments in human capital, infrastructure, and supplier development. The policy implications include (a) shifts attention from FDI attraction to FDI absorption, (b) emphasizing performance-based incentives, (c) targeted industrial policies, (d) strengthened local capability systems, and (e) improved infrastructure.

The Tula River in the Framework of Regional Development

2025-11-28T17:13:21+00:00

This article will address the pollution of the Tula River, located in the state of Hidalgo, Mexico. In the first part, brief theoretical aspects of water pollution are addressed, the geographical factors such as the territorial area of the Central Region where this entity is located and the other entities of this area are discussed. The development of this chapter continues with demographic elements such as the population, density and poverty, of the states of this región. Some economic aspects are touched, such as the total GDP, manufacturing and services, foreign trade and foreign investment of this region are also mentioned, to make a comparison with the other states of this geographical demarcation, the geographical location of the Tula River and its high pollution is continued. The objective of this research is the following: to determine if this aquifer torrent is contaminated. As a preliminary conclusion, I consider the following: Hidalgo is located in the Central Region of Mexico, it is an entity, it does not bring together a significant volume of population, its population density is not high like that of Mexico City. In relation to the economic aspects Hidalgo does not have a strong economic presence, as is the generation of the total GDP, manufacturing and the service sector, compared to the other entities of this economic region. The Tula River, the most important in this state, it is very polluted.

Beyond g>r: Transitional Dynamics of the Debt-to-GDP Ratio

2026-01-06T15:52:23+00:00

The present paper analyzes the transitional dynamics of the government-debt-to-GDP ratio in an economy with constant interest rates, economic growth, and fiscal deficit growth. By explicitly modeling the joint evolution of government debt, fiscal deficits, and GDP, the present paper derives closed-form expressions for the debt-to-GDP ratio and characterizes its dynamic behavior. The analysis shows that even when standard long-run sustainability conditions—such as an interest rate lower than the economic growth rate—are satisfied, the debt-to-GDP ratio need not evolve monotonically. Instead, it may exhibit a single-peaked trajectory, rising temporarily before converging in the long run. The present paper identifies precise conditions under which such non-monotonic dynamics arise and illustrates them with numerical examples.

Ethical Considerations in Big Data Mining: Balancing Innovation and Responsibility

2026-01-03T19:52:58+00:00

As organizations increasingly rely on big data analytics to guide decision-making, ethical considerations surrounding privacy, accountability, fairness, and inclusivity have become central to responsible data governance. While large-scale data mining offers significant benefits in efficiency, fraud detection, and public administration, it also poses substantial risks when safeguards are inadequate. This paper examines ethical challenges associated with big data mining through the lenses of administrative law, case law, and public policy. Using recent judicial decisions and a hypothetical federal agency initiative as a framework, the paper analyzes the consequences of unauthorized data access, opaque algorithmic decision-making, and insufficient oversight. It concludes by proposing best practices and governance strategies to balance technological innovation with ethical responsibility.

From the Pay-as-you-go System to the Contributory Pension System and IMSS Bienestar in Mexico: A Long Journey, a Dubious Long-term Solution

2025-12-29T07:12:31+00:00

International Differences and Harmonization in EU

2025-12-22T16:49:41+00:00

Different countries have contributed to the development of accounting over the centuries. When archaeologists discover ancient remains in the Middle East, almost all with letters or numbers on them, it is a form of accounting: the costs of war or celebration or construction, lists of taxes due or paid. It is now very well documented that the origin of written numbers and written words is closely related to the need to keep and update accounts.
The Romans developed sophisticated forms of single-entry accounting from which, for example, farm profits could be calculated. Later, the growing complexity of business in northern Italy in the late middle Ages led to the emergence of a dual system. And even later, the existence of a wealthy merchant class and the need for large investments in large projects led to the public subscription of share capital in Norway in the 17th century. Next, the growing separation of ownership from management fueled the need for audit in 19th century Britain. Many European countries contributed to the development of accounting: France led the development of legal control over accounting, Scotland brought us the accounting profession, and Germany standardized formats for financial statements.

Financial Performance and Dividend Policy on Firm Value: The Moderating Role of Corporate Governance in Indonesian State-Owned Enterprises

2025-12-17T05:33:54+00:00

This study aims to analyze the effect of financial performance and dividend policy on firm value, with corporate governance as a moderating variable. The population of this study was state-owned enterprises listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the 2021-2024 period. Data collection used a purposive sampling method, with 56 annual reports of state-owned enterprises as a sample. The analysis used Multiple Linear Regression Analysis and the Moderated Linear Regression (MRA) test. The results indicate that financial performance and dividend policy have a significant positive effect on firm value. Meanwhile, financial performance and dividend policy, with corporate governance as a moderating variable, do not significantly affect firm value.