EFFECT OF EMPLOYEE MORALE ON PRODUCTIVITY IN THE GHANAIAN PUBLIC SECTOR. THE MEDIATING ROLE OF DELEGATION

Authors

  • Eunice Aidoo GHANA BAPTIST UNIVERSITY COLLEGE

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14738/abr.68.4982

Keywords:

Delegation, Employee Morale, Employee Productivity, Public Sector, Ghana  

Abstract

Delegation of authority is one of modern trends practiced by managers, and a key management skill in the business world. It enhances human relations amongst organizational members, increases self-confidence among employees and raise the level of tasks accomplishment in tasks. The study sought to assess the effect of delegation on employee morale and productivity in public sector organisations in Ghana. The target population included all the workers in the public sector of Ghana from which the simple random sampling technique was employed to select 128 workers from 20 public sector organisations across the country. The findings from the study show that delegation of authority has a positive and significant relation with employee morale and productivity. Subsequently, the study also revealed that delegation fully mediates the relationship between employee morale and productivity. Based on the findings, it is recommended that organisations should utilise or adopt the concept of delegation in performing organisational duties. Again, organisations should implement measures or strategies that can help build the morale of employees.

References

Al-Jammal, H. R., Al-Khasawneh, A. L., & Hamadat, M. H. (2015). The impact of the delegation of authority on employees ’ performance at great Irbid municipality : case study. International Journal of Human Resource Studies, 5(3), 48–69.

Olubayo, T. O., Idowu, O. O., & Olarewaju, A. A. (2017). Delegation of Authority and Employee Performance : An Empirical Evidence from Ikeja Division in Lagos State.

Mathieu, J. E., Gilson, L. L., & Ruddy, T. M. (2006). Empowerment and team effectiveness: an empirical test of an integrated model. J Appl Psychology, 91(1), 97-108

Zhang, X., Qian, J., Wang, B., Jin, Z., Wang, J., & Wang, Y. (2017). Leaders’ Behaviors Matter: The Role of Delegation in Promoting Employees’ Feedback-Seeking Behavior. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 920.

Kiiza, P & Picho, E.O (2015). Delegation and staff commitment in the school of finance and banking in Kigali, Rwanda: An empirical study. Global Journal of Commerce and Management Perspective, 4(3), 50-54

Kombo, B.W., Obonyo, G. O & Oloko, M (2014). Effects of delegation on employee performance in savings and credit cooperative societies in Kisii County, Kenya. The International Journal of Business andManagement, 2(7), 22-31

Van Zandt, T., (1999). ‘Real-time Decentralized Information Processing as a Model of Organizations with Boundedly Rational Agents,’ Review of Economic Studies, 66, 633–658

Swai, L. (2014). Factors Inhibiting Effective Delegation In Public Organization : A Case Study Of Kibaha Education Centre ( KEC). Mzumbe University, Tanzania

Yukl, G., & Fu, P. P. (1999). Determinants of delegation and consultation by managers. Journal of Organisational Behaviour, 20, 219-232

De Wilzem, E., Van Dyk, H. & Coetzer, I.J.M. (2012). Management of Education Institutions, Cresta: Education Facilitators.

Taylor, G. S. (2004). The internal disclosure policies of private-sector employers: An initial look at their relationship to employee whistleblowing. Journal of Business Ethics, 12(2), 127-136

Colombo, M. G., & Delmastro, M. (2004). Delegation Of Authority In Business Organizations: An Empirical Test. The Journal Of Industrial Economics, LII(1), 53–80.

Mcelheran, K. (2013). Delegation in Multi- Establishment Firms : Evidence from I.T. Purchasing (No. Working Paper 11-101). Boston.

Shekari, G., Naien, M. M., & Nouri, S. R. (2012). Relationship Between Delegation Authority Process And Rate Of Eefectiveness ( Case Study : Municipality Regions Of Mashhad). Interdisciplinary Journal Of Contemporary Research In Business, 4(5), pp. 870–880

Lutgans, fred & Hodegtts, Richard (2004). Business, 2nd Ed, McGraw, hill Book Company.

Joiner, T.A., Bakalis, S & Choy, J (2016). Delegation, job satisfaction and subordinate performance: The mediating effect of leader-member exchange. https://www.Research gate.net/publication/268343424

Wadi, Khamis Adam (2009). The impact of delegation of authority to managerial performance, unpublished Master Thesis, University of Sudan for Science and Technology, Faculty of Business Studies, Sudan

Kandhakumar, P., & Balasingh, J. I. (2016). Conceptual Frame Works On Employee Morale And Satisfaction In Work Place. International Conference on "Innovative Management Practices, 1(1), 312–318.

Heathfield, S. M. (2018). You can boost employee morale. Available: https://www.thebalancecareers.com/you-can-boost-employee-morale-1918107

Coughlan, R. J. (1970). Dimensions of Teacher Morale. American Educational Research Journal, 7(2), 221-234

Holliday, A. R. (2007). Doing and writing qualitative research. 2nd ed. London: Sage Publications

Sankey, D. 2011. Future Horizons: Morale learning and the socially embedded synaptic self. Journal of morale education, 40(3), 417-425

Wittmer, D. (2000). Individual morale development: An empirical exploration of public and private sector differences. Public Integrity, 2(3), 181-194

Finger, J. (2005). The Mangement Bible. New Hollabd Publishers Limited.

Bennett, T., Hess, B.I. (2001). Performance of Operational Policy Rules in Organisational Structure. GSI Working Paper. Carnegie Mellon University: Tepper School of Business.

Ewton, Z. (2007). Sustaining Employee Morale: Keeping the Peace or Burning or Burning Down the House.

Millett T (2010). 6 reasons why staff morale is important. Available: http://ezinearticles.com/?6-Reasons-Why-Staff-Morale-Is-Important&id=4340843

Sauermann, J. (2016). Performance measures and worker productivity. Available: https://wol.iza.org/uploads/articles/260/pdfs/performance-measures-and-worker-productivity.pdf

Singh, H., Motwani, J., Kumar, A. (2000). A review and analysis of the state of the art research on productivity measurement. Industrial Management and Data Systems, 100, 234-41.

Mukawasi, B. S., (2013). The effect of work delegation strategies on employee morale in an organisation. A case of Kenyan agricultural research institute. Diploma in Public relation thesis submitted to the university of Nairobi.

Zeynep, T ., & Robert, S. H. (2008). Managing the Impact of Employee Turnover on Performance: The Role of Process Conformance. Organization Science, 19(1), 56-68. https://doi.org/ 10.1287/orsc.1070.0294

Hashim, T., Ahmed, A & Jaradat, N (2013). The impact of structural empowerment in achieving psychological empowerment in the Jordanian public organizations. Journal of Hebron University for Research, 8(1), 44-56.

Voon, M. L., Lo, M. C., Ngui, K. S., & Ayob, N. B. (2011). The influence of leadership styles on employees’ job satisfaction in public sector organizations in Malaysia. International Journal of Business, Management and Social Sciences, 2(1), 24-32

Parker, R., & Bradley, L. (2000). Organisational culture in the public sector: evidence from six organisations. International Journal of Public Sector Management, 13 (2), 125-141

Anitha, J. (2014). Determinants of employee engagement and their impact on employee performance. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 63(3), 308-323

Chen, Z. X., & Aryee, S. (2007). Delegation and employee work outcomes: an examination of the cultural context of mediating processes in china. Academy of Management Journal, 50(1)

Shaban, O. S., Al-Zubi, Z., Ali, N., & Alqotaish, A. (2017). The Effect of Low Morale and Motivation on Employees’ Productivity & Competitiveness in Jordanian Industrial Companies. International Business Research, 10(7)

Jason, S., (2015). Morale and productivity. Calhoun: The NPS Institutional Archive Dspace Repository.

Schulman, M. L., & Kowadlo, B. F. (2004). Working Smart. Cengage Learning

Weakliem, D. L., & Frenkel, S. J. (2006). Morale and Workplace Perfromance. Work and Occupations Journal, 33(3)

Likert, R. (1951). Motivation Dimensions of Administration. Available: https://www.psc.isr.umich.edu/dis/infoserv/isrpub/pdf/Motivational_378_.PDF

Cori, C. (2017). How work environment influence on morale ofemployees of employee cooperative. South East Asia Journal of Contemporary Business and Law, 13(2), 87-90

Edem, M. J., Akpan, E. U., & Pepple, N. M. (2017). Imapct of workplace environemtn on health workers. Occupational Medicine & Health Affairs, 5(2) 1-5

Tavakol, M., & Dennick, R. (2011). Making sense of Cronbach’s alpha. International Journal of Medical Education, 2, 53–55.

Kenny, D., & McCoach, D. B. (2003). Effect of the Number of Variables on Measures of Fit in Structural Equation Modeling. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Model, 10(3), 333-351

Knight, G. A., & Cavusgil, T. S. (2004). Innovation, organizational capabilities, and the born-global firm. Journal of International Business Studies, 35(2), 124-141

Holmes-Smith, P., Coote, L., & Cunningham, E. (2006). Structural equation modeling: From the fundamentals to advanced topics. Melbourne: Sreams.

Kline, R. B. (1998). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. NY: Guilford Press

Ullman, J. B., & Bentler, P. M. (2012). Structural Equation Modeling. Research Methods in Psychology, 2

Byrne, B. M. (1994). Structural Equation Modeling with EQS and EQS-Windows: Basic Concepts, Applications, and Programming. Sage Publications, Inc.

Chen F, Curran PJ, Bollen KA, Kirby J, Paxton P. An Empirical Evaluation of the Use of Fixed Cutoff Points in RMSEA Test Statistic in Structural Equation Models. Sociological methods & research. 2008;36(4):462-494. doi:10.1177/0049124108314720.

Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error. American Marketing Association, 18(1), 39-50

Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173-1182

Downloads

Published

2018-09-03

How to Cite

Aidoo, E. (2018). EFFECT OF EMPLOYEE MORALE ON PRODUCTIVITY IN THE GHANAIAN PUBLIC SECTOR. THE MEDIATING ROLE OF DELEGATION. Archives of Business Research, 6(8). https://doi.org/10.14738/abr.68.4982