Determinants of Level of household income utilization and decision making among the educated working married employees in Mbarara Municipality, Mbarara, Uganda
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14738/assrj.84.9878Keywords:
Gender Relations, Educated, Working Married Employees, Mbarara, UgandaAbstract
The study determines the level of household income utilization and decision-making among educated working married employees in the Mbarara Municipality, Mbarara, Uganda. The study was guided by Sen’s Cooperative Conflict Theory. The study employed a mixed design of quantitative and qualitative approach. It targeted working educated married employees from MMC with a study sample of 113 respondents consisting of 92 married, educated working employees. Purposive sampling was used to select key informants (21) like the LCs 1,(6) 2(6) and 3(6) mayor,(1) probation officer(1) and legal officers (1) that is in the 6 division in the municipality was interviewed. Qualitative data were analyzed using themes and quantitative data using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software.
The study findings established that age, marital status, religion, educational qualification, years of marriage, monthly income influence the level of income utilization and decision-making among working educated married employees. In addition, patriarchal ideologies, community perceptions of decision making, gender roles, and religion also impacted their income utilization. The findings of this study also show that the level of household income utilization among the educated working married employees in Mbarara Municipality also varies based on the amounts earned by married employees and the difference between the husband and wife’s salaries.
The study concluded that household income utilization in general significantly influences the decision making process and affect the level of income utilization among educated working married employees. This is because the household is a huge contributor to the decision making process in the majority of employees’ homes in Mbarara Municipality. Based on the findings, the study recommends that the government should intensify effort by providing jobs for men and women to meet the financial obligation in their household.
Keywords: Gender Relations, Educated, Working Married Employees, Mbarara, Uganda
References
Ajambo, S., and Mutebi-Enock, K. (2016). Economic gain and other losses? Gender Relations and Matooke production in Western Uganda. Bioversity International-Uganda and the CGIAR Research Program on Roots, Tubers and Bananas (RTB).
Allegreton, A. (2019). Basic Family Budgets: Working Families' Incomes Often Fail to Meet Living Expenses around the United States. International Jounal of Helth services, 36(3):443-54.
Allen, M. (2017). The sage encyclopedia of communication research methods (Vols. 1-4).
Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc doi: 10.4135/9781483381411
Amin, M.E. (2005). Social Science Research: Conception, Methodology and Analysis. Kampala,
Uganda: Makerere University Printers, 256–257.
Allegretto, S. (2006). Basic Family Budgets: Working Families' Incomes Often Fail to Meet Living Expenses around the United States. International jounal of Health services, https://doi.org/10.2190/A0GA-6R7Y-XFM3-EBJY.
Aslaksen, I., Wennemo, T., and Aaberge, R. (2005). ‘Birds of a Feather Flock Together’: The Impact of Choice of Spouse on Family Labor Income Inequality†. Norway: RemoteXs.
Boca, D., and Pasqua. P (2003). Labour Market Participation of Women and Fertility: the Effect of Social Policies. Italy.
Bodur, F. B., and Avci, G. M. (2015). Household Expenditure Patterns: Evidence from Working couple Households in Turkey. International Journal Review of Economic and Management, Volume 3, Number 2, 2015, 85-108. DOI: 10.18825/irem.23503.
Bolt, V. J., and Bird, K. (2003). The Intrahousehold Disadvantages Framework:. In V. J. Bolt, A Framework for the Analysis of Intra-household Difference and Inequality. Overseas Development (p. 32). Institute CPRC Working Paper No 32 Chronic Poverty Research Centre.
Cancian, R., and Reed, H. (1999). Sources of Inequality: Measuring the Contributions of Income Sources to Rising Family Income Inequality. RemoteXs.
Castilla, C., and Walker, F. (2012). Gender Roles and Intra-Household Allocation: Identifying Differences in the Incentives to Hide Money Across Spouses in Ghana. Accra: Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
Creswell, J. W. (1999). Mixed-method research: Introduction and application. In G. J. Cizek
(Ed.). Handbook of educational policy (455-472). San Diego: Academic Press.
Daly, F., and Valleta, M. (2006). Inequality and Poverty in United States: The Effects of Rising Dispersion of Men's Earnings and Changing Family behaviour. New york: RemoteXs.
Davies, M. (1994). the sexual demons of colonial power. In Davies, sexual demons of colonial power (p. 18). India: Indiana University Press.
De Vaus, D. (2002). Surveys in Social research, 5th Edition. London: George Allen & Unwin.
Dudek, H. and Koszela, G. (2013). Comparison of households’ expenditures structures in
selected countries of European Union. ACTA Scientiarum Polonorum 12(13): 5-15.
Fisher, P., and French, L. (2014). AN ANALYSIS OF HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURES IN EA-18. Turkey: Istanbul University,.
Flanagan, F., (2011), Dudek, F., and Koszela, D. (2018). A Descriptive Analysis on the Basic Needs Budget by the Middle Income Earners to Identify the Most Expensive City to Live: An Analysis Involving Capital Cities in Malaysia. Malaysia: MJBE Volume 5, Number 2, 2018.
Green, C., and Mukuria, A. (2009). ADDRESSING EARLY MARRIAGE IN UGANDA. Retrieved from culturalpractice.com: https://www.culturalpractice.com/wp-content/downloads/3-2009-14.pdf
Harkness, A. (2010). The contribution of women's employment and earnings to household income
Johnson, D., and Wilkins, R. (2004). Effects of Changes in Family Composition and Employment Patterns on the Distribution of Income in Australia: 1981–1982 to 1997–1998. Australia: RemoteXs.
Juhn, C, and Murphy, K.M (1997). “Wage Inequality and Family Labor Supply. ”Journal of Labor
Economics 15(1, Part 1, January): 72-97.
Krejcie, R.V., and Morgan, D.W., (1970). Determining Sample Size for Research Activities.
Educational and Psychological Measurement.
Kabeer, N. (1997). Women, wages and intra-household power relation in urban Bangladesh:
Development and Change. 28, 2, 261-302
Kumar, P., and Lugosi, L. (2005/2006). Public Health Reports, Volume 122, Issue 1. International Observer.
Latimaha, R., Bahari, Z., and Ismal, N. (2019). Middle Income Household Spending Patterns on Housing in Malaysian State Capital Cities: Where Does All the Money Go? Jurnal Ekonomi Malaysia, 53(2).
McLellan, E., Macqueen, M., and Neiidig, L. (2003). Beyond the Qualitative Interview: Data Preparation and Transcription. SAGE.
McLeod, S.A. (2014). Qualitative and Quantitative. Retrieved from
www.simplypsychology.org/qualitative-quantitative.html
Meron, M, Widmer, I, and Shapiro, D (2016). Unemployment leads women to postpone the birth
of their first child Population, 57 (2) , pp. 301-330
NPHC (2014). Provisional Results. Uganda Bureau of Statistics. Revised Edition.
Narayan, D., Patel, R., Schafft, K., Rademacher, A., and Koch-Schulte, S. (1999). Can Anyone Hear Us? Voice from 47 Countries. Poverty Group, PREM World Bank.
Ntale, A. (2019). The state of the economy for Ugandan women. Presented at the 2019 Uganda Feminist Forum Paper developed with support from Hivos.
Nyakato, V., and Rwabukwali, B. (2013). Couple Relations, Decision-making Hierarchy and use of Maternal Health care in Rural Uganda. European Academic Research 1, 6.
Pahl, J.,(1990) Household Spending, Personal Spending and the control of money within the
Marriage. Sociology. 24, 119-138
Pasqua, S. (2008). Wives' Work and Income Distribution in the European Countries. THE EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE ECONOMICS, 226.
Polit, F. (2010). statistics and data analysis for Nursing Research. Peason.
Robson, C. (1997). Real world Research: A resource for social scientists and practitioner
Researchers, Oxford Blackwell publishers Limited, Pp. 21, 253, 316.
Ross, L. (2001). Research Methods: A Practical Guide for the Social Sciences. Peason Long man: UK.
Richards, J.C. and Schmidt, R. (Eds.). (2002).Longman dictionary of language teaching and
applied linguistics(3rd ed.). London: Longman.
Sekhampu, T., and Niyimbanira, F. (2013). Analysis Of The Factors Influencing Household Expenditure In A South African Township. Vaal University of Technology.
Sen, A. (1987). Gender and Cooperative Conflicts. . WIDER Working Papers.
Sotomayor, M. (2009). Changes in the Distribution of Household Income in Brazil: The Role of Male and Female Earnings. World Development, Volume 37, Issue 10, October 2009, Pages 1706-1715.
Twinomujuni, A. (2013). Women working outside the home Challenge Gender Roles in Uganda. Global Press Journal, Retrieved on the 10th April, 2017 from https://globalpressjournal.com/africa/uganda/women-working-outside-the-home-challenge-gender-roles-in-ug.
Uganda PPA. (2002). Participatory Poverty Assessment on Safety, Security, and Access to Justice.Voices of the poor in Uganda. Final report Volume 1.http://www.commonlii.org/ug/other/UGJLOS/report/R3/3.pdf .
Uganda PPA. (1998). Deepening the understanding of poverty: second Participatory Poverty Assessment report. Kampala: The Ministry.
UNHS. (2016/17). THE UGANDA NATIONAL HOUSEHOLD SURVEY 2016/17. KAMPALA: UBOS.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors wishing to include figures, tables, or text passages that have already been published elsewhere are required to obtain permission from the copyright owner(s) for both the print and online format and to include evidence that such permission has been granted when submitting their papers. Any material received without such evidence will be assumed to originate from the authors.
