Is the existence of God reasonable?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14738/assrj.76.8337Keywords:
God, faith, reasonable, argumentationAbstract
In this article the question of whether the existence of God is reasonable will be addressed. The start point will be the debate between Dr. Craig and Dr. Rosenberg that took place in 2013 around the question “Is faith in God reasonable?” This debate has been chosen for being representative of general theist and atheist positions. The former usually believe in God first, and then try to formulate arguments that can help them transmit their faith to others, whereas atheists usually find arguments first that they consider illogical or incoherent related to the existence of God, and in a second moment they come to reject faith. It will be analyzed following the pragma-dialectical approach defined by Van Eemeren and Grootendorst, that considers argumentation as a speech act that aims to solve a difference in opinion. This analysis will show the main obstacles that prevented the speakers to arrive to an understanding, mainly a different vision of God and the goal that they were seeking.
References
[1]. Van Eemeren, F. H. & Grootendorst, R. (1992). Argumentation, Communication and Fallacies. A Pragma-Dialectical Perspective. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, p. 10.
[2]. Van Eemeren, F. H. & Grootendorst, R. (2006). Argumentación, comunicación y falacias. Una perspectiva pragma-dialéctica. 2ª Edición. Santiago de Chile: Universidad Católica de Chile, p.10.
[3]. Austin, J.L. (1962). How to do things with words. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
[4]. Searle, J.R. (1969). Speech acts. An essay in the philosophy of language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
[5]. _______ (1979). Expression and meaning. Studies in the theory of speech acts. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
[6]. Van Eemeren, F. H. & Grootendorst, R. (1992). Argumentation, Communication and Fallacies. A Pragma-Dialectical Perspective. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, p. 26.
[7]. Ibid., p. 102.
[8]. Ibid., pp. 15-16.
[9]. Ibid., pp. 16-19.
[10]. Ibid., pp. 34-35.
[11]. Ibid., pp. 49-52.
[12]. Ibid., p. 93.
[13]. Ibid., pp. 208-209.
[14]. Ibid., pp. 209-211.
[15]. Craig, W.L. and Rosenberg, A. (February 1st, 2013). Is faith in God reasonable? [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bhfkhq-CM84.
[16]. Miller, C. and Gould, P. (2014). Is Faith in God Reasonable? Debates in Philosophy, Science and Rhetoric. New York: Routledge, pp. 13-39.
[17]. Retrieved from https://datosmacro.expansion.com/demografia/religiones/usa. On May 7 2020, with 2010 data.
[18]. Rountree, C. (2014). “Faith, Not Reason, Underwrites the Belief in God”. In Is Faith in God Reasonable? Debates in Philosophy, Science and Rhetoric. Ed. Miller, C. and Gould, P. New York: Routledge, p. 148.
[19]. McGrew, T. (2014). “There Are Serious Reasons for Belief in the Existence of God”. In Is Faith in God Reasonable? Debates in Philosophy, Science and Rhetoric. Ed. Miller, C. and Gould, P. New York: Routledge, pp. 97-111.
[20]. Rountree, C. (2014). “Faith, Not Reason, Underwrites the Belief in God”. In Is Faith in God Reasonable? Debates in Philosophy, Science and Rhetoric. Ed. Miller, C. and Gould, P. New York: Routledge, pp. 136-150.
[21]. McCroskey, J.C. and Mehrley, R.S. (1969). “The Effects of Disorganization and Nonfluency on Attitude Change and Source Credibility”. Speech Monographs 36.
[22]. Miller, C. and Gould, P. (2014). Is Faith in God Reasonable? Debates in Philosophy, Science and Rhetoric. New York: Routledge, p. 34.
[23]. Ibid., pp. 14-18.
[24]. Ibid., p. 20.
[25]. McGrew, T. (2014). “There Are Serious Reasons for Belief in the Existence of God”. In Is Faith in God Reasonable? Debates in Philosophy, Science and Rhetoric. Ed. Miller, C. and Gould, P. New York: Routledge, p. 107.
[26]. Drange, T.M. (2014) “Some Philosophical Aspects of the Craig-Rosenberg Debate”. In Is Faith in God Reasonable? Debates in Philosophy, Science and Rhetoric. Ed. Miller, C. and Gould, P. New York: Routledge, p. 95.
[27]. Medhurst, M.J. (2014). “Rhetoric as Hermeneutic Key: The Reasonableness of Faith in God”. In Is Faith in God Reasonable? Debates in Philosophy, Science and Rhetoric. Ed. Miller, C. and Gould, P. New York: Routledge, p. 123.
[28]. Aristotle (1954). The Rhetoric and the Poetics of Aristotle, trans. W. Rhys Roberts. New York: Random House, p. 24.
[29]. _______ (1990). Retórica. Traducción de Q. Racionero. Madrid: Gredos, 2ª reimpresión, 1999, pp. 425-450.
[30]. Medhurst, M.J. (2014). “Rhetoric as Hermeneutic Key: The Reasonableness of Faith in God”. In Is Faith in God Reasonable? Debates in Philosophy, Science and Rhetoric. Ed. Miller, C. and Gould, P. New York: Routledge, p. 125.
[31]. Medhurst, M.J. (2014). “Rhetoric as Hermeneutic Key: The Reasonableness of Faith in God”. In Is Faith in God Reasonable? Debates in Philosophy, Science and Rhetoric. Ed. Miller, C. and Gould, P. New York: Routledge, pp. 122-135.
[32]. Miller, C. and Gould, P. (2014). Is Faith in God Reasonable? Debates in Philosophy, Science and Rhetoric. New York: Routledge, p. 7.
[33]. Stenberg (2014). “Faith in Anything is Unreasonable”. In Is Faith in God Reasonable? Debates in Philosophy, Science and Rhetoric. Ed. Miller, C. and Gould, P. New York: Routledge, p. 55.
[34]. McGrew, T. (2014). “There Are Serious Reasons for Belief in the Existence of God”. In Is Faith in God Reasonable? Debates in Philosophy, Science and Rhetoric. Ed. Miller, C. and Gould, P. New York: Routledge, pp. 97-111.
[35]. Craig, W.L. (1994). Reasonable Faith: Christian Truth and Apologetics. Wheaton, IL: Crossway Books.
[36]. Drange, T.M. (2014) “Some Philosophical Aspects of the Craig-Rosenberg Debate”. In Is Faith in God Reasonable? Debates in Philosophy, Science and Rhetoric. Ed. Miller, C. and Gould, P. New York: Routledge, pp. 84-96.
[37]. McGrew, T. (2014). “There Are Serious Reasons for Belief in the Existence of God”. In Is Faith in God Reasonable? Debates in Philosophy, Science and Rhetoric. Ed. Miller, C. and Gould, P. New York: Routledge, p. 98.
[38]. Medhurst, M.J. (2014). “Rhetoric as Hermeneutic Key: The Reasonableness of Faith in God”. In Is Faith in God Reasonable? Debates in Philosophy, Science and Rhetoric. Ed. Miller, C. and Gould, P. New York: Routledge, p. 125.
[39]. Kinneavy, J.L. (1987). Greek Rhetorical Origins of Christian Faith: An Inquiry. New York: Oxford University Press.
[40]. Medhurst, M.J. (2014). “Rhetoric as Hermeneutic Key: The Reasonableness of Faith in God”. In Is Faith in God Reasonable? Debates in Philosophy, Science and Rhetoric. Ed. Miller, C. and Gould, P. New York: Routledge, p. 50.
[41]. Kinneavy, J.L. (1987). Greek Rhetorical Origins of Christian Faith: An Inquiry. New York: Oxford University Press, p. 134.
[42]. Medhurst, M.J. (2014). “Rhetoric as Hermeneutic Key: The Reasonableness of Faith in God”. In Is Faith in God Reasonable? Debates in Philosophy, Science and Rhetoric. Ed. Miller, C. and Gould, P. New York: Routledge, p. 126.
[43]. Drange, T.M. (2014) “Some Philosophical Aspects of the Craig-Rosenberg Debate”. In Is Faith in God Reasonable? Debates in Philosophy, Science and Rhetoric. Ed. Miller, C. and Gould, P. New York: Routledge, pp. 84-96.
[44]. Katia, R. (2014). “God and the Rational Basis for Science”. In Is Faith in God Reasonable? Debates in Philosophy, Science and Rhetoric. Ed. Miller, C. and Gould, P. New York: Routledge, pp. 43-54.
[45]. Medhurst, M.J. (2014). “Rhetoric as Hermeneutic Key: The Reasonableness of Faith in God”. In Is Faith in God Reasonable? Debates in Philosophy, Science and Rhetoric. Ed. Miller, C. and Gould, P. New York: Routledge, pp. 122-135.
[46]. Aristotle (1982). “Tópicos”. In Tratados de Lógica (Organon) I, pp. 79-306. Madrid: Gredos.
[47]. Ruse, M. (2014). “Not Reasonable but Not Unreasonable”. In Is Faith in God Reasonable? Debates in Philosophy, Science and Rhetoric. Ed. Miller, C. and Gould, P. New York: Routledge, pp. 112-121.
[48]. Heidegger, M. (1959). An Introduction to Metaphysics. New Haven: Yale University Press.
[49]. Hick, J. (1961). “Necessary Being,” Scottish Journal of Theology 14, pp. 353–69.
[50]. Miller, C. and Gould, P. (2014). Is Faith in God Reasonable? Debates in Philosophy, Science and Rhetoric. New York: Routledge, p. 19.
[51]. Ibid., p.29.
[52]. Rosenberg, A. (2011). The Atheist’s Guide to Reality: Enjoying Life without Illusions. New York: W. W. Norton.
[53]. Miller, C. and Gould, P. (2014). Is Faith in God Reasonable? Debates in Philosophy, Science and Rhetoric. New York: Routledge, p. 25.
[54]. Quine, W. (1995). “Naturalism, or Living within One’s Means”, Dialectica 49, Issue 2-4, p. 252. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-8361.1995.tb00164.x.
[55]. Miller, C. and Gould, P. (2014). Is Faith in God Reasonable? Debates in Philosophy, Science and Rhetoric. New York: Routledge, p. 30.
[56]. Ibid., p. 24.
[57]. McGrew, T. (2014). “There Are Serious Reasons for Belief in the Existence of God”. In Is Faith in God Reasonable? Debates in Philosophy, Science and Rhetoric. Ed. Miller, C. and Gould, P. New York: Routledge, pp. 97-111.
[58]. Larson. E.J. and Witham, L. (1998). “Leading scientists still reject God”. In Nature 394, no. 6691. https://doi.org/10.1038/28478.
[59]. Katia, R. (2014). “God and the Rational Basis for Science”. In Is Faith in God Reasonable? Debates in Philosophy, Science and Rhetoric. Ed. Miller, C. and Gould, P. New York: Routledge, p. 48.
[60]. Rountree, C. (2014). “Faith, Not Reason, Underwrites the Belief in God”. In Is Faith in God Reasonable? Debates in Philosophy, Science and Rhetoric. Ed. Miller, C. and Gould, P. New York: Routledge, pp. 139-141.
[61]. Hollihan, T.A. and Baaske, K.T. (2005). Arguments and Arguing: The Products and Process of Human Decision Making. 2nd ed. Long Grove, IL: Waveland Press, pp. 102-103.
[62]. Bitzer, L.F. (1959). “Aristotle’s Enthymeme Revisited”. Quarterly Journal of Speech, vol 45, no.4, pp. 399–408.
[63]. Rountree, C. (2014). “Faith, Not Reason, Underwrites the Belief in God”. In Is Faith in God Reasonable? Debates in Philosophy, Science and Rhetoric. Ed. Miller, C. and Gould, P. New York: Routledge, p. 140.
[64]. Perelman, Ch. y Olbrechts-Tyteca, L. (1958). Traité de l'argumentation. La nouvelle rhétorique. Paris: PUF, 2 vols. Trad., a partir de la ed. de 1976, de J. Sevilla, Tratado de la argumentación: la nueva retórica. Madrid: Gredos, 1989, p. 303.
[65]. Rountree, C. (2014). “Faith, Not Reason, Underwrites the Belief in God”. In Is Faith in God Reasonable? Debates in Philosophy, Science and Rhetoric. Ed. Miller, C. and Gould, P. New York: Routledge, p. 141.
[66]. Krauss, L.M. (2012). A Universe from Nothing: Why There Is Something Rather Than Nothing. Kindle ed. New York: Free Press.
[67]. Stenberg, V.J. (2014). “Faith in Anything is Unreasonable”. In Is Faith in God Reasonable? Debates in Philosophy, Science and Rhetoric. Ed. Miller, C. and Gould, P. New York: Routledge, pp. 55-68.
[68]. Vilenkin, A. (1983). “Birth of Inflationary Universes". Physical Review D 27, no. 12, pp. 2848-2855.
[69]. Linde, A. (1986). “Eternally Existing Self-Reproducing Chaotic Inflationary Universe”. Physics Letters B 175, no. 4, pp. 395-400.
[70]. Craig, W.L. (1979). “The Kalam Cosmological Argument”. In Library of Philosophy and Religion. London: Macmillan.
[71]. Borde, A., Guth, A. and Vilenkin, A. (2003). “Inflationary Spacetimes Are Not Past-complete”. Physical Review Letters, 90: 151301. Preprint archive: http://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/0110012. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.90.151301.
[72]. Mithani, A. and Vilenkin, A. (2012). Did the Universe Have a Beginning? Cornell University Library website, ArXiv 1204.4658v1 [hep-th], April 20, 2012.
[73]. Aguirre, A.N. and Gratton, S. (2003). “Inflation without a Beginning: A Null Boundary Proposal”. In Physical Review D67: 083515.
[74]. Carroll, S.M. and Chen, J. (2004). Spontaneous Inflation and the Origin of the Arrow of Time. Retrieved from https://arxiv.org/abs/hep-th/0410270 on April 16th 2020.
[75]. Drange, T.M. (2014) “Some Philosophical Aspects of the Craig-Rosenberg Debate”. In Is Faith in God Reasonable? Debates in Philosophy, Science and Rhetoric. Ed. Miller, C. and Gould, P. New York: Routledge, p.89.
[76]. Findlay, J.N. (1948). “Can God’s Existence Be Disproved?” Mind 57, Oxford University Press, n. 226, pp. 177.
[77]. Russell, B. (2005). Why I am not a Christian. Taylor and Francis e-Library, p. 125.
[78]. Medhurst, M.J. (2014). “Rhetoric as Hermeneutic Key: The Reasonableness of Faith in God”. In Is Faith in God Reasonable? Debates in Philosophy, Science and Rhetoric. Ed. Miller, C. and Gould, P. New York: Routledge, p. 134.
[79]. Mavrodes, G. (1970). Belief in God. New York: Random House, p. 46.
[80]. Moser, P.K. (2014). “God without Argument”. In Is Faith in God Reasonable? Debates in Philosophy, Science and Rhetoric. Ed. Miller, C. and Gould, P. New York: Routledge, p. 70.
[81]. Ibid., p. 73.
[2]. Van Eemeren, F. H. & Grootendorst, R. (2006). Argumentación, comunicación y falacias. Una perspectiva pragma-dialéctica. 2ª Edición. Santiago de Chile: Universidad Católica de Chile, p.10.
[3]. Austin, J.L. (1962). How to do things with words. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
[4]. Searle, J.R. (1969). Speech acts. An essay in the philosophy of language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
[5]. _______ (1979). Expression and meaning. Studies in the theory of speech acts. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
[6]. Van Eemeren, F. H. & Grootendorst, R. (1992). Argumentation, Communication and Fallacies. A Pragma-Dialectical Perspective. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, p. 26.
[7]. Ibid., p. 102.
[8]. Ibid., pp. 15-16.
[9]. Ibid., pp. 16-19.
[10]. Ibid., pp. 34-35.
[11]. Ibid., pp. 49-52.
[12]. Ibid., p. 93.
[13]. Ibid., pp. 208-209.
[14]. Ibid., pp. 209-211.
[15]. Craig, W.L. and Rosenberg, A. (February 1st, 2013). Is faith in God reasonable? [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bhfkhq-CM84.
[16]. Miller, C. and Gould, P. (2014). Is Faith in God Reasonable? Debates in Philosophy, Science and Rhetoric. New York: Routledge, pp. 13-39.
[17]. Retrieved from https://datosmacro.expansion.com/demografia/religiones/usa. On May 7 2020, with 2010 data.
[18]. Rountree, C. (2014). “Faith, Not Reason, Underwrites the Belief in God”. In Is Faith in God Reasonable? Debates in Philosophy, Science and Rhetoric. Ed. Miller, C. and Gould, P. New York: Routledge, p. 148.
[19]. McGrew, T. (2014). “There Are Serious Reasons for Belief in the Existence of God”. In Is Faith in God Reasonable? Debates in Philosophy, Science and Rhetoric. Ed. Miller, C. and Gould, P. New York: Routledge, pp. 97-111.
[20]. Rountree, C. (2014). “Faith, Not Reason, Underwrites the Belief in God”. In Is Faith in God Reasonable? Debates in Philosophy, Science and Rhetoric. Ed. Miller, C. and Gould, P. New York: Routledge, pp. 136-150.
[21]. McCroskey, J.C. and Mehrley, R.S. (1969). “The Effects of Disorganization and Nonfluency on Attitude Change and Source Credibility”. Speech Monographs 36.
[22]. Miller, C. and Gould, P. (2014). Is Faith in God Reasonable? Debates in Philosophy, Science and Rhetoric. New York: Routledge, p. 34.
[23]. Ibid., pp. 14-18.
[24]. Ibid., p. 20.
[25]. McGrew, T. (2014). “There Are Serious Reasons for Belief in the Existence of God”. In Is Faith in God Reasonable? Debates in Philosophy, Science and Rhetoric. Ed. Miller, C. and Gould, P. New York: Routledge, p. 107.
[26]. Drange, T.M. (2014) “Some Philosophical Aspects of the Craig-Rosenberg Debate”. In Is Faith in God Reasonable? Debates in Philosophy, Science and Rhetoric. Ed. Miller, C. and Gould, P. New York: Routledge, p. 95.
[27]. Medhurst, M.J. (2014). “Rhetoric as Hermeneutic Key: The Reasonableness of Faith in God”. In Is Faith in God Reasonable? Debates in Philosophy, Science and Rhetoric. Ed. Miller, C. and Gould, P. New York: Routledge, p. 123.
[28]. Aristotle (1954). The Rhetoric and the Poetics of Aristotle, trans. W. Rhys Roberts. New York: Random House, p. 24.
[29]. _______ (1990). Retórica. Traducción de Q. Racionero. Madrid: Gredos, 2ª reimpresión, 1999, pp. 425-450.
[30]. Medhurst, M.J. (2014). “Rhetoric as Hermeneutic Key: The Reasonableness of Faith in God”. In Is Faith in God Reasonable? Debates in Philosophy, Science and Rhetoric. Ed. Miller, C. and Gould, P. New York: Routledge, p. 125.
[31]. Medhurst, M.J. (2014). “Rhetoric as Hermeneutic Key: The Reasonableness of Faith in God”. In Is Faith in God Reasonable? Debates in Philosophy, Science and Rhetoric. Ed. Miller, C. and Gould, P. New York: Routledge, pp. 122-135.
[32]. Miller, C. and Gould, P. (2014). Is Faith in God Reasonable? Debates in Philosophy, Science and Rhetoric. New York: Routledge, p. 7.
[33]. Stenberg (2014). “Faith in Anything is Unreasonable”. In Is Faith in God Reasonable? Debates in Philosophy, Science and Rhetoric. Ed. Miller, C. and Gould, P. New York: Routledge, p. 55.
[34]. McGrew, T. (2014). “There Are Serious Reasons for Belief in the Existence of God”. In Is Faith in God Reasonable? Debates in Philosophy, Science and Rhetoric. Ed. Miller, C. and Gould, P. New York: Routledge, pp. 97-111.
[35]. Craig, W.L. (1994). Reasonable Faith: Christian Truth and Apologetics. Wheaton, IL: Crossway Books.
[36]. Drange, T.M. (2014) “Some Philosophical Aspects of the Craig-Rosenberg Debate”. In Is Faith in God Reasonable? Debates in Philosophy, Science and Rhetoric. Ed. Miller, C. and Gould, P. New York: Routledge, pp. 84-96.
[37]. McGrew, T. (2014). “There Are Serious Reasons for Belief in the Existence of God”. In Is Faith in God Reasonable? Debates in Philosophy, Science and Rhetoric. Ed. Miller, C. and Gould, P. New York: Routledge, p. 98.
[38]. Medhurst, M.J. (2014). “Rhetoric as Hermeneutic Key: The Reasonableness of Faith in God”. In Is Faith in God Reasonable? Debates in Philosophy, Science and Rhetoric. Ed. Miller, C. and Gould, P. New York: Routledge, p. 125.
[39]. Kinneavy, J.L. (1987). Greek Rhetorical Origins of Christian Faith: An Inquiry. New York: Oxford University Press.
[40]. Medhurst, M.J. (2014). “Rhetoric as Hermeneutic Key: The Reasonableness of Faith in God”. In Is Faith in God Reasonable? Debates in Philosophy, Science and Rhetoric. Ed. Miller, C. and Gould, P. New York: Routledge, p. 50.
[41]. Kinneavy, J.L. (1987). Greek Rhetorical Origins of Christian Faith: An Inquiry. New York: Oxford University Press, p. 134.
[42]. Medhurst, M.J. (2014). “Rhetoric as Hermeneutic Key: The Reasonableness of Faith in God”. In Is Faith in God Reasonable? Debates in Philosophy, Science and Rhetoric. Ed. Miller, C. and Gould, P. New York: Routledge, p. 126.
[43]. Drange, T.M. (2014) “Some Philosophical Aspects of the Craig-Rosenberg Debate”. In Is Faith in God Reasonable? Debates in Philosophy, Science and Rhetoric. Ed. Miller, C. and Gould, P. New York: Routledge, pp. 84-96.
[44]. Katia, R. (2014). “God and the Rational Basis for Science”. In Is Faith in God Reasonable? Debates in Philosophy, Science and Rhetoric. Ed. Miller, C. and Gould, P. New York: Routledge, pp. 43-54.
[45]. Medhurst, M.J. (2014). “Rhetoric as Hermeneutic Key: The Reasonableness of Faith in God”. In Is Faith in God Reasonable? Debates in Philosophy, Science and Rhetoric. Ed. Miller, C. and Gould, P. New York: Routledge, pp. 122-135.
[46]. Aristotle (1982). “Tópicos”. In Tratados de Lógica (Organon) I, pp. 79-306. Madrid: Gredos.
[47]. Ruse, M. (2014). “Not Reasonable but Not Unreasonable”. In Is Faith in God Reasonable? Debates in Philosophy, Science and Rhetoric. Ed. Miller, C. and Gould, P. New York: Routledge, pp. 112-121.
[48]. Heidegger, M. (1959). An Introduction to Metaphysics. New Haven: Yale University Press.
[49]. Hick, J. (1961). “Necessary Being,” Scottish Journal of Theology 14, pp. 353–69.
[50]. Miller, C. and Gould, P. (2014). Is Faith in God Reasonable? Debates in Philosophy, Science and Rhetoric. New York: Routledge, p. 19.
[51]. Ibid., p.29.
[52]. Rosenberg, A. (2011). The Atheist’s Guide to Reality: Enjoying Life without Illusions. New York: W. W. Norton.
[53]. Miller, C. and Gould, P. (2014). Is Faith in God Reasonable? Debates in Philosophy, Science and Rhetoric. New York: Routledge, p. 25.
[54]. Quine, W. (1995). “Naturalism, or Living within One’s Means”, Dialectica 49, Issue 2-4, p. 252. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-8361.1995.tb00164.x.
[55]. Miller, C. and Gould, P. (2014). Is Faith in God Reasonable? Debates in Philosophy, Science and Rhetoric. New York: Routledge, p. 30.
[56]. Ibid., p. 24.
[57]. McGrew, T. (2014). “There Are Serious Reasons for Belief in the Existence of God”. In Is Faith in God Reasonable? Debates in Philosophy, Science and Rhetoric. Ed. Miller, C. and Gould, P. New York: Routledge, pp. 97-111.
[58]. Larson. E.J. and Witham, L. (1998). “Leading scientists still reject God”. In Nature 394, no. 6691. https://doi.org/10.1038/28478.
[59]. Katia, R. (2014). “God and the Rational Basis for Science”. In Is Faith in God Reasonable? Debates in Philosophy, Science and Rhetoric. Ed. Miller, C. and Gould, P. New York: Routledge, p. 48.
[60]. Rountree, C. (2014). “Faith, Not Reason, Underwrites the Belief in God”. In Is Faith in God Reasonable? Debates in Philosophy, Science and Rhetoric. Ed. Miller, C. and Gould, P. New York: Routledge, pp. 139-141.
[61]. Hollihan, T.A. and Baaske, K.T. (2005). Arguments and Arguing: The Products and Process of Human Decision Making. 2nd ed. Long Grove, IL: Waveland Press, pp. 102-103.
[62]. Bitzer, L.F. (1959). “Aristotle’s Enthymeme Revisited”. Quarterly Journal of Speech, vol 45, no.4, pp. 399–408.
[63]. Rountree, C. (2014). “Faith, Not Reason, Underwrites the Belief in God”. In Is Faith in God Reasonable? Debates in Philosophy, Science and Rhetoric. Ed. Miller, C. and Gould, P. New York: Routledge, p. 140.
[64]. Perelman, Ch. y Olbrechts-Tyteca, L. (1958). Traité de l'argumentation. La nouvelle rhétorique. Paris: PUF, 2 vols. Trad., a partir de la ed. de 1976, de J. Sevilla, Tratado de la argumentación: la nueva retórica. Madrid: Gredos, 1989, p. 303.
[65]. Rountree, C. (2014). “Faith, Not Reason, Underwrites the Belief in God”. In Is Faith in God Reasonable? Debates in Philosophy, Science and Rhetoric. Ed. Miller, C. and Gould, P. New York: Routledge, p. 141.
[66]. Krauss, L.M. (2012). A Universe from Nothing: Why There Is Something Rather Than Nothing. Kindle ed. New York: Free Press.
[67]. Stenberg, V.J. (2014). “Faith in Anything is Unreasonable”. In Is Faith in God Reasonable? Debates in Philosophy, Science and Rhetoric. Ed. Miller, C. and Gould, P. New York: Routledge, pp. 55-68.
[68]. Vilenkin, A. (1983). “Birth of Inflationary Universes". Physical Review D 27, no. 12, pp. 2848-2855.
[69]. Linde, A. (1986). “Eternally Existing Self-Reproducing Chaotic Inflationary Universe”. Physics Letters B 175, no. 4, pp. 395-400.
[70]. Craig, W.L. (1979). “The Kalam Cosmological Argument”. In Library of Philosophy and Religion. London: Macmillan.
[71]. Borde, A., Guth, A. and Vilenkin, A. (2003). “Inflationary Spacetimes Are Not Past-complete”. Physical Review Letters, 90: 151301. Preprint archive: http://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/0110012. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.90.151301.
[72]. Mithani, A. and Vilenkin, A. (2012). Did the Universe Have a Beginning? Cornell University Library website, ArXiv 1204.4658v1 [hep-th], April 20, 2012.
[73]. Aguirre, A.N. and Gratton, S. (2003). “Inflation without a Beginning: A Null Boundary Proposal”. In Physical Review D67: 083515.
[74]. Carroll, S.M. and Chen, J. (2004). Spontaneous Inflation and the Origin of the Arrow of Time. Retrieved from https://arxiv.org/abs/hep-th/0410270 on April 16th 2020.
[75]. Drange, T.M. (2014) “Some Philosophical Aspects of the Craig-Rosenberg Debate”. In Is Faith in God Reasonable? Debates in Philosophy, Science and Rhetoric. Ed. Miller, C. and Gould, P. New York: Routledge, p.89.
[76]. Findlay, J.N. (1948). “Can God’s Existence Be Disproved?” Mind 57, Oxford University Press, n. 226, pp. 177.
[77]. Russell, B. (2005). Why I am not a Christian. Taylor and Francis e-Library, p. 125.
[78]. Medhurst, M.J. (2014). “Rhetoric as Hermeneutic Key: The Reasonableness of Faith in God”. In Is Faith in God Reasonable? Debates in Philosophy, Science and Rhetoric. Ed. Miller, C. and Gould, P. New York: Routledge, p. 134.
[79]. Mavrodes, G. (1970). Belief in God. New York: Random House, p. 46.
[80]. Moser, P.K. (2014). “God without Argument”. In Is Faith in God Reasonable? Debates in Philosophy, Science and Rhetoric. Ed. Miller, C. and Gould, P. New York: Routledge, p. 70.
[81]. Ibid., p. 73.
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2020-06-14
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Martino, E. (2020). Is the existence of God reasonable?. Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 7(6), 32–55. https://doi.org/10.14738/assrj.76.8337
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