The Impact of Customer Satisfaction on Loyalty in the Ghana Banking Sector: The Effect of Trust Mediation

Authors

  • Stephen Banahene Christian Service University College

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14738/assrj.512.5545

Abstract

Customer satisfaction, trust and loyalty have been extensively researched, but the continuous changing of customer needs and the changing banking regulatory environment necessitates a correspondingly continuous evaluation of these construct. This study analysed the impact that customer satisfaction has on customer loyalty. In addition, the study investigated the mediating role of trust in the relationship between customer satisfaction and customer loyalty.  The study was conducted on 825 useable responses which represented 82.5% of questionnaires distributed. Explanatory research design was used and Stata version 13 and IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20 were the software used in data analysis. The study used Structural Equation Model for data analysis to explored direct, indirect and total effect relationships. Confirmatory Factor Analysis was used for data purification. The study concludes that customer satisfaction has positive and significant relationship with customer loyalty in the banking sector. The study also found that customer satisfaction positively and significantly affects customer trust in the banking sector. In addition, customer trust also affects customer loyalty positively and significantly. The study also revealed that customer trust partially mediates between customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. However, customer trust does not mediate between specific dimensions of customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. This means that researchers and managers of banks should find innovative ways to build service performance and aligned their services to as a way to increase customer satisfaction to promote customer loyalty. The customer trust partial mediation role and customer trust failure to mediate customer satisfaction specific dimensions with customer loyalty need future research. 

Author Biography

Stephen Banahene, Christian Service University College

CSUC School of Business

Senior Lecturer

References

Reference

Luarn, P. & Lin, H., (2003). A Customer Loyalty Model for E-Service Context. Journal of Electronic Research, Vol. 4(4), pp 156-167.

Akbar, M. M. & Noorjahan, P. (2009). Impact of Service Quality, Trust, and Customer Satisfaction on Customer Loyalty. ABAC Journal, Vol. 29(1), pp 24-38.

Kassim, N. M. & Abdullah, N. A. (2010). The Effect of Perceived Service Quality Dimensions on Customer Satisfaction, Trust, and Loyalty in E-commerce Settings: Across Culture Analysis. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, Vol 22(3), pp 351-371.

Cheng, C.C., Chiu, S.I., Hu, H.Y. & Chang, Y.Y. 2011. A study on Exploring the Relationship Between Customer and Loyalty in the Fast Food Industry: With Relationship Inertia as a Mediator. African Journal of Business Management, Vol. 5(13), pp 5118-5126.

Akbar, Sher dan & Ahmad Puad Mat Som (2011). Determinants of Customers’ Loyalty for Hospitality Industry. Information Management and Business Review, Vol. 2(1), pp. 19-25.

Ribbink, D. et al. (2004) Comfort Your Online Customer: Quality, Trust and Loyalty on the Internet. Managing Service Quality: An International Journal, Vol. 14, pp 446-456.

Reichheld, F. F. & Sasser, W. E. (1990). Zero Deffects: Quality Comes to Services. Harvard Business Review, September-October 1990 issue.

Mukherjee, A. & Nath, P. (2003). A model of Trust in Online Relationship Banking. International Journal of Bank Marketing, Vol 21(1), pp 5-15.

Wang, Y., Lin, H. & Tang, T. (2003). Determinants of user Acceptance of Internet Banking: An Empirical Study. International Journal of Service Industry Management, Vol. 14 (5), pp 501-519.

Anderson, R.E. and Srinivasan, S.S. (2003). E-satisfaction and E-loyalty: A Contingency Framework. Psychology and Marketing, Vol. 20(2), pp. 123-38.

Busacca, B. and Castaldo, S. (2003). “Brand Knowledge, Brand Trust and Consumer Response: A Conceptual Framework”, 2nd workshop “Trust Within and Between Organizations”, Special Session “Trust in marketing”, Amsterdam, 23-24 October.

Garbarino, Ellen and Mark S. Johnson (1999). The Different Roles of Satisfaction, Trust, and Commitment in Customer Relationships. Journal of Marketing, 63, PP 70-87.

Berry, L.L. (2000). Cultivating service brand equity. Academy of Marketing Science, Vol. 28(1), pp. 128-37.

Chaudhuri, A. and Holbrook, M.B. (2001). The Chain of Effects from Brand Trust and Brand Effect to Brand Performance: The Role of Brand Loyalty. Journal of Marketing, Vol. 65 (2), pp. 81-93.

Oliver, R. L. (1980). A Cognitive Model of the Antecedents and Consequences of Satisfaction Decisions,. Journal of Marketing Research, Vol.17, pp 460-469.

Bhattacherejee, A. (2001). An empirical Analysis of the Antecedents of Electronic Commerce Service Continuance. Decision Support Systems, Vol, 32(2), pp 201-214.

Bauer, H., Grether, M., & Leach, M. (2002). Building Customer Relations over the Internet. Industrial Marketing Management, Vol. 31(2), pp 155–163.

Anderson, E., & Fornell, C. (1994). Cross-Category Variation in Customer Satisfaction and Retention. Marketing Letters, Vol. 5(1), pp 19–30.

Szymanski, D.M. and Henard, D.H. (2001). Customer Satisfaction: A Meta-Analysis of the Empirical Evidence. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Vol. 29, pp 16-35.

Anderson, Eugene W. and Mary W. Sullivan (1993 ).The Antecedents and Consequences of Customer Satisfaction for Firms. Marketing Science, Vol. 12 (2), pp 125-143.

Chang, J.C. 2006. Customer Satisfaction with Tour Leaders’ Performance: A Study of Taiwan’s Package Tours. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, pp 11(1), pp 97-116.

Deng, Z., Lu, Y., Wei, K, K. & Zhang, J. 2010.Understanding Customers Satisfaction and Loyalty: An Empirical Study of Mobile Instant Messages in China. International Journal ofInformation Management, Vol. 30, pp 289-300.

Hwang, J. & Zhang, J. (2010). Factors Influencing Customer Satisfaction or Dissatisfaction in the Restaurant Business Using Answer Tree Methodology. Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality and Tourism, Vol. 11, pp 93-110.

Choi, C. &Sheel, A. 2012. Assessing the Relationship Between Waiting Services and Customer Satisfaction in Family Restaurants. Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality & Tourism, Vol. 13, pp 24-36.

Boshoff, C. & du Plessis, F. Services Marketing: A Contemporary Approach. Juta and Company Ltd. Cape Town; 2009.

Swift, P. E. & Hwang, A. (2013). The Impact of Affective and Cognitive Trust on Knowledge Sharing and Organisation Learning. The Learning Organisation, Vol 20(1).

Dabholkar, P.A. & Sheng, X. 2012. Consumer Participation in Using Online Recommendation Agents: Effects on Satisfaction, Trust, and Purchase Intentions. The Service Industries Journal, Vol. 32(9), pp 1433-1449.

Olaru, D., Purchase, S., and Peterson, N. (2008). Customer Value in Research Organisations. Journal of Business ad Industrial Marketing, Vol 23(8), pp 554-565.

Hong, I.B. & Cho, H. (2011). The Impact of Consumer Trust on Attitudinal Loyalty and Purchase Intention in B2C E-marketplace: Intermediary Trust vs Seller Trust. International Journal of Information Management, Vol. 3, pp 469-479.

Lee, H.S. (2010). Factors Influencing Customer Loyalty of Mobile Service: Empirical Evidence from Koreans. Journal of International Banking and Commerce, Vol. 15(2), pp1-14.

Ouyang & Yenhui (2010). A Relationship Between The Financial Consultants’ Service Quality and Customer Trust After Financial Thunami. International Research Journal of Finance and Economics, Vol 22.

Fukuyama, F. The Social Virtures and the Creation of Prosperity, The Free Press, New York, 1995.

Caruana, Albert, dan Msida, Malta (2002). The Effects of Servce Quality and the Mediating Role of Customer Satisfaction. European Journal of Marketing, Vol. 36(7/8), pp. 811-828.

Zeithaml, V. A. & Bitner, M. J. Service Marketing, McGraw-Hill Companies, International edition, New York; 1996.

Bansal, H.S., Irving, P.G. & Taylor, S.F. 2004. A Three-Component Model of Customer Commitment to Service Providers. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Vol. 32 (3), pp 234-245.

Hamadi, C. (2010). The Impact of Quality of Online Banking on Customer Commitment. Communications of the IBIMA, Vol , pp 1-8.

Lin, H.H. & Wang, Y.S. (2005). An Examination of the Determinants of Customer Loyalty in Mobile Commerce Contexts. Information and Management, Vol. 43, pp 271-282.

Ou, C.X. &Sia, C.L. (2003).Customer Loyalty Strategy in the Internet Era.7th Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems, 10-13 July, Adelaide, South Australia.

Yee, N. The Psychology of MMORPGs: Emotional Investment, Motivations, Relationship Formation, and Problematic Usage (in R. Schroeder & A. Axelsson (Eds.), Avatars at Work and Play: Collaboration and Interaction in Shared Virtual Environments (pp. 187-207). London: Springer-Verlag; 2006.

Avramakis, E. Relationship Management in Swiss Financial Services : An Investigation into Relationship and Bonding Values of Highly-Involved and Confident Customers. DBA Thesis, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW; 2011.

Chinomona, R. & Sandada, M. (2013). Customer Satisfaction, Trust and Loyalty as Predictors of Customer Intention to Re-Purchase South African Retailing Industry. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, Vol 4(14), pp 437-446.

Cannier, M. H. et al. (2010). Relationship Quality and Purchase Intention and Behaviour: The Moderating Impact of Relationship Strength. Journal of Business and Psychology, Vol 25(1), pp 87-98.

Ok, C., Back, K. & Shankin, C. W. (2005). Modelling Roles of Service Recovery Strategy: A Relationship-Focused View. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Research, Vol 29(4), pp 484-507.

Kim, J.H. & Han, Z-H (2008). Corrective recasts: What Teachers Might Want to Know. Journal of Language Learning, Vol 36(1), pp 35-44.

Caceres, R.C. & Paparoidamis, N.G. (2007). Servive Quality, Relationship Satisfaction, Trust, Commitment and Business-to-Business Loyalty. European Journal of Marketing, Vol 41(7/8), pp 836-867.

Neuman, W.L. Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches (7th ed): 2011.

Sureshchandar, G.S., Rajendran, C. & Kamalanabhan, T.J. (2001). Customer Perceptions of Service Quality: A Critique. Total Quality Management, Vol. 12(1), pp. 111-24.

Sureshchandar, G. S., Chandrasekharan, R., & Anantharaman, R.N. (2002}. The Relationship Between Service Quality and Customer Satisfaction – A Factor Specific Approach. Journal of Service Marketing, Vol. 16(4), pp 363-379.

Yurdugu l, H. (2008). Minimum Sample Size for Cronbach’s Coefficient Alpha. Hacettepe Universitesi Egitim Fakultesi Dergis, Vol. 35, pp. 397-405.

Fabrigar, L.R., Wegener, D.T., MacCallum, R.C. & Strahan, E.J. (1999). Evaluating the use of Exploratory Factor Analysis in Psychological Research. Psychological Methods, Vol. 4(3), pp. 272-99.

Leech, N.L. & Onwuegbuzie, A. J. (2011). Beyond Constant Comparison Qualitative Data Analysis: Using Nnvivo. School Psychology Quarterly, Vol. 26, pp 70-84.

Delgado Ballester, E. et al (2003). Development and validation of a trust scale. Journal of Market Research, Vol. 45(1), pp. 35-56

Hair, J. T., Anderson, R. E., Tatham, R. L. and Black, W. C. Multivariate data analysis with readings, New York, NY: Macmillan; 1998.

Hair et al. Multivariate Data Analysis. Prentice Hall, Cornell University; 2010.

Hair Jr. F. J., Black, C. W., Babin, J. B. and Anderson, E. R. Multivariate Data Analysis. (7th Edition). Edinburgh Gata, Harlow: Pearson; 2014.

Cronbach, L.J. (1951). Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika Vol. 16, pp. 297-334.

MacKinnon, D. P. et al. (2001). Mediating mechanisms in a program to reduce intentions to use anabolic steroids and improve exercise self-efficacy and dietry behaviour. Prevention Science, Vol. 2(1), pp. 15-28

Barob, R. M. and Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6).

Kenny, D., Kashy, D. & Bolger, N. Data Analysis in Social Phychology (in Gilbert, D., Fiske, S. & Lindzey, G.). The Handbook of Social Psychology, Vol. 1, pp 233-265. Boston, MA. McGraw Hill; 1998.

Downloads

Published

2018-12-22

How to Cite

Banahene, S. (2018). The Impact of Customer Satisfaction on Loyalty in the Ghana Banking Sector: The Effect of Trust Mediation. Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 5(12). https://doi.org/10.14738/assrj.512.5545