The Use of Factor Analyses in Validating Filipino Needs Scale in Tertiary Education
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14738/assrj.55.4549Keywords:
factor analysis, validation, tertiary education, needs scaleAbstract
Needs is a psychological construct considered to be one of the facets of personality since need researches has shown its strong potency in predicting behaviors. The present study tested the factor structures of a need measure among Filipino university students purposely for academic and psychological interventions. Employing qualitative analysis to determine need items in the initial study, findings show that the developed factor structures composed of clustered need items is robust to test students’ needs as it attains an excellent overall internal consistency (α=.94). As homogeneity of all measured factors are highly correlated (range: .751-.902), other need constructs (BPNS and EPPS Scales) also reveals strong concurrent validity to the need measure’s factor structures. Series of factor analyses such as the use of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses exhibits similar structural findings which yielded to a 1–factor-6-higher-order need measure. Moreover, the scale’s fit indices indicated a very good fit model: χ2-df (540.876; 307), GFI (0.800) AGFI (0.889) TLI (0.874) RMSEA (0.072). Research findings were discussed in terms of the scale’s efficacy to diagnose specific academic issues and broadly in indentifying learning gaps of college students in tertiary schools.References
Burns, M. Vance, D., Szadokierski,I. & Stockwell, C. (2006). Student Needs Survey: A Psychometrically Sound Measure of the Five Basic Needs. International Journal of Reality Therapy,25.2 : 4-8.
Creswell, J. W. (2009). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1991). A motivational approach to self: Integration in personality. In R. Dienstbier (Ed.), Perspectives on motivation. Nebraska Symposium on Motivation. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The ‘what’ and ‘why’ of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behaviour. Psychological Inquiry, 11, 319–338.
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2016).Optimizing students’ motivation in the era of testing
and pressure: A self-determination theory perspective.In Building Autonomous Learners (pp. 9-29).Springer Singapore.
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R.M. (2008). Facilitating optimal motivation and psychological well-being across life’s domains, Canadian Psychology, 49, 14-23.
Deci, E. L., Vallerand, R. J., Pelletier, L. G., & Ryan, R. M. (1991). Motivation and
education: The self-determination perspective. Educational psychologist, 26(3-4), 325-346. Edwards, Allen (1959). Manual of Edwards Personal Preference Schedule. Psychological Corporation. USA: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc.
Fabrigar, L. R., Wegener, D. T., MacCallum, R. C., & Strahan, E. J. (1999). Evaluating the use of exploratory factor analysis in psychological research. Psychological methods, 4(3), 272.
Elnar, Ryan Dale, Personality Traits and Occupational Interest: Basis for Career Guidance Program (2014). Developing Country Studies, ISSN 2225-0565, Vol. 4, No. 13, 2014. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2927395
Fabrigar, L. R., Wegener, D. T., MacCallum, R. C., & Strahan, E. J. (1999).
Evaluating the use of exploratory factor analysis in psychological research. Psychological methods, 4(3), 272.
Furr, R.M. (2011). Scale Construction and Psychometrics for Social and Personality Psychology. Singapore: SAGE Publications
Furr, R.M. and Bacharach, L. (2014). Psychometrics. Singapore: SAGE Publications
Garneau, C., Olmstead, S. ,Fincham, D. & Pasley, K. (2013). Therole of family structure and attachment in college student hookups. Sex Behavior. 42:1473–1486, Retrieved February 25, 2015, via proquest
Glaser, B. G. (2001). The grounded theory perspective: Conceptualization contrasted
with description. Sociology Press.
González-Cutre, D., Sierra, A. C., Beltrán-Carrillo, V. J., Peláez-Pérez, M., &Cervelló, E.
(2016).A school-based motivational intervention to promote physical activity from a self-determination theory perspective. The Journal of Educational Research, 1-11.
Gorsuch, R. L. (1983). Factor Analysis (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Guiffrida, D., Gouveia, A., Wall, A., & Seward, D. (2008). Development and validation
of the Need for Relatedness at College Questionnaire (NRC-Q). Journal of Diversity in Higher Education, 1(4), 251.
Hannum, J. &Dvorak, D. (2004). Effects of family conflict, divorce, and attachment patterns on the psychological distress and social adjustment of college freshmen. Journal Of College Student Development, 45.1 : 27-42.
Harvey, V S., & Retter, K. (1995). The development of the Basic Needs Survey. Journal of Reality Therapy, 15(1), 76-80. http://search.proquest.com/docview/1412577988?accountid=31259
Hu, L. T. & Bentler, P.M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 1-55.
Hu, L. T., Bentler, P. M., & Hoyle, R. H. (1995). Structural equation modeling:
Concepts, issues, and applications. Evaluating model fit, 76-99.
Hunter, J. E., & Schmidt, F.L. (1990). Methods of meta-analysis: Correcting errors and bias in research findings. Newbury Park, CA:Sage.
Jeno, L. M., Grytnes, J. A., &Vandvik, V. (2017). The effect of a mobile-application tool on biology students' motivation and achievement in species identification: A Self-Determination Theory perspective. Computers & Education, 107, 1-12.
Kaiser, H. F. (1974). An index of factorial simplicity. Psychometrika, 39(1), 31-36.
Kaiser, H. F., & Michael, W. B. (1975). Domain validity and generalizability. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 35(1), 31-35.
Kaiser, H.F. & Michael, W.B. (1975). Domain validity and generalizability. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 35, 31-35
Kline, R.B. (2010). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (3rd ed.). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
Kurbanoglu, S. (2010). Self-efficacy: An alternative approach to the evaluation of
information literacy. In Qualitative and Quantitative Methods in Libraries: Theory and Applications: Proceedings of the International Conference on QQML2009, Chania, Crete, Greece, 26-29 May 2009 (p. 323). World Scientific.
Lafond, B. A. G. (2000). Glasser's Reality Therapy approach to relationships: Validation of a Choice Theory Basic Needs Scale (Doctoral Dissertation, St. Mary's University, 2000). Dissertation Abstracts International: section B: The Sciences & Engineering, 60, 3615.
Lawshe, C. H. (1975). A quantitative approach to content validity. Personnel
psychology, 28(4), 563-575.
Maybee, C., &Flierl, M. (2016).Motivating learners through information literacy.
Millon, T. (2004). Millon Index of Personality Styles Revised. NCS Pearson.
Mitsopoulou, E., Kafetsios, K., Karademas, E., Papastefanakis, E., & Simos, P. G.
(2013). The Greek version of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale: Testing the factor structure, reliability and validity in an adult community sample. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 35(1), 123-131.
Murray, H. A. (1938). Explorations in personality.
Murray, H. A. (1951). Uses of the thematic apperception test. American Journal of
Psychiatry, 107(8), 577-581.
Piedmont, R. (2001). Spiritual transcendence and the scientific study of spirituality. Journal of Rehabilitation, 67.1 : 4-14. Retrieved February 25, 2015, from http://search.proquest.com/docview/236289792?accountid=31259
Piedmont, R. (2001). Spiritual transcendence and the scientific study of spirituality. Journal of Rehabilitation 67.1 : 4-14. Retrieved February 11, 2015, from
Pintrich, P. R., & Zusho, A. (2007). Student motivation and self-regulated learning in the college classroom. In The scholarship of teaching and learning in higher education: An evidence-based perspective (pp. 731-810). Springer, Dordrecht.
Reynolds, R., Arnone, M., & Marshall, T. (2009). Perceived competence and reading
enjoyment as contributors to information skills and digital technology knowledge. Proceedings of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 46(1), 1-26.
Rodriguez, S. (2012).Social Support and Career Thoughts in College Athletes and Non-Athletes. The Professional Counselor: 12-21. Retrieved February 25, 2015, from
Roksa, J., & Whitley, S. E. (2017). Fostering academic success of first-year students: Exploring the roles of motivation, race, and faculty. Journal of College Student Development, 58(3), 333-348.
Ross, M., Perkins, H., &Bodey, K. (2016). Academic motivation and information
literacy self-efficacy: The importance of a simple desire to know. Library & Information Science Research, 38(1), 2-9.
Rozeboom, W. (1992). The glory of suboptimal factor rotation: Why local minima in analytic optimatization of simple structure are more blessing than curse. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 27.4: 585-599.
Simmering, M. ; Wilcox, I. (1995). Career exploration and identity formation in MBA students. Journal of Education for Business, 70.4 : 233. Retrieved January 30, 2015, from http://search.proquest.com/docview/202818841?accountid=31259
Tabachnick, B.G. and Fidell, L.S. (2013), Using Multivariate Statistics (6th ed.). Allyn and Bacon, Boston, MA.
Yousefi, Z., Abedi, M., Baghban, I. , Eatemadi, O. &Abedi, A. (2011). Personal and situational variables, and career concerns: predicting career adaptability in young adults.The Spanish Journal of Psychology 14: 1, 263-71. Retrieved February 11, 2015, from http://search.proquest.com/docview/866294753?accountid=31259
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors wishing to include figures, tables, or text passages that have already been published elsewhere are required to obtain permission from the copyright owner(s) for both the print and online format and to include evidence that such permission has been granted when submitting their papers. Any material received without such evidence will be assumed to originate from the authors.
