Tourism Crisis Management in Jordan: an Overview
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14738/assrj.52.4210Keywords:
Political Crisis Management, Destination Image Repair, Strategic Management, Arab Spring, Tourism in JordanAbstract
The Arab Spring had its negative effects on tourism in the region of the Middle East. This research note aims to make an overview of strategies adopted by Jordanian tourism public authorities to repair the destination image in time of crisis; a short discussion is then made on political crisis management, followed then by giving recommendations to enhance the performance of these authorities in dealing with such crisis.
References
• Ali, A., Arifin, Z., Hasi, M. (2012). The Challenges of Tourism in the Countries of the Arab Spring Revolutions, Advances in Natural and Applied Sciences, 6(7), 1162-1171.
• Andrianopoulos, A. (2015). Essential Steps for Crisis Management and Crisis Containment, available online at:
http://www.acg.edu/ckeditor_assets/attachments/1568/essential_steps_for_crisis_management_and_crisis_containment.pdf [Accessed 15 April 2017].
• Avraham, E. (2015). Destination image repair during crisis: Attracting tourism during the Arab Spring uprisings, Tourism Management, 47, 224-232.
• Avraham, E., & Ketter, E. (2008). Media strategies for marketing places in crises: Improving the image of cities, countries, and tourist destinations. Oxford, England: Butterworth Heinemann.
• Beirman, D. (2003). Restoring tourism destinations in crisis: A strategic marketing approach [online]. In: Braithwaite, Robyn L (Editor); Braithwaite, Richard W (Editor). CAUTHE 2003: Riding the Wave of Tourism and Hospitality Research. Lismore, N.S.W.: Southern Cross University.
• Blackman, D. & Ritchie, B. (2008). Tourism Crisis Management and Organizational Learning, Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 23, 2-4, 45-57.
• Blake, A. and Sinclair, M. T., 2003. Tourism Crisis Management: US Response to September 11, Annals of Tourism Research, 30 (4), 813-832.
• Carlsen, J. & Liburd, J. (2008). Developing a Research Agenda for Tourism Crisis Management, Market Recovery and Communications, Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 23, 2-4, 265-276.
• CBJ. (2016). The Annual Report 2016, the Central Bank of Jordan, available online at: http://www.cbj.gov.jo/Pages/viewpage.aspx?pageID=68 [Accessed 25 November 2017].
• Coombs, W. T. (1999). Ongoing Crisis Communication: Planning, Managing, and Responding. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
• Coombs, W.T. (2007), Ongoing Crisis Communication: Planning, Managing, and Responding, London: Sage.
• Darling, J.R. 1994. Crisis management in international business: keys to effective decision making, Leadership and Organization Development Journal, 15(8), 3-8.
• Efficiency Unit in Hong Kong. (2009). Crisis Management- an international overview, available online at: http://www.eu.gov.hk/en/reference/publications/crisis_management.pdf [Accessed 15 April 2017].
• Eturbonews, different dates. Several Articles on Tourism in Jordan after Arab Spring; available at: https://www.eturbonews.com/?s=Jordan+Arab+Spring
• Evans, N. and Elphick, S. (2005), Models of crisis management: an evaluation of their value for strategic planning in the international travel industry. Int. Journal of Tourism Research, 7(3), 135–150.
• Faulkner, B. (2001). Towards a framework for tourism disaster management, Tourism Management, 22 (2), 135-147.
• Faulkner, B. & Vikulov, S. (2001) Katherine, washed out one day, back on track the next: a post-mortem of a tourism disaster, Tourism Management, 2, 331-344.
• Fink, S. (1986), Crisis management: Planning for the Inevitable, New York: Amacom.
• Glaesser, D. (2006). Crisis Management in the Tourism Industry (2nd ed.). Oxford: Butterworth, Heinemann.
• Hayes, D., & Patton, M. (2001). Proactive crisis-management strategies and the archaeological heritage, International Journal of Heritage Studies, 7(1), 37-58.
• Hill, C. & Jones, G. (2001). Strategic Management: an Integrated Approach, 5th edition, New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
• Jordan Times. (2015). Jordan Battling to Rejuvenate Tourism Sector. Jordan Times, Issue of July 21, 2015, available online at: http://www.jordantimes.com/news/local/jordan-battling-rejuvenate-tourism-sector [Accessed 11 March 2016].
• Jordan Tourism Board. (2017). The Official Website of Jordan Tourism Board, available online at: http://international.visitjordan.com [Accessed 25 December 2017].
• Laws, E. & Prideaux, B. (2006) Crisis management: A suggested typology. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, 19(2-3), 1-8.
• Mansfield, Y. & Pizam, A. (Eds.) (2006). Tourism, Security and Safety. Oxford: Butterworth Heineman.
• Marianna, S. (2011). Social Media and Crisis Management in Tourism: Applications and Implications for Research, Information Technology & Tourism, 13(4). 269-283.
• Masetti, O. & Körner, K. (2013). Two years of Arab Spring: Where are we now? What’s next? Series of Current Issues Emerging markets (January 25, 2013), Deutsche Bank.
• MOTA. (2003). National Tourism Strategy (2004-2010), by Ministry of Tourism & Antiquities, [Online] Available: http://www.tourism.jo/Contents/National_StrategiesAr.aspx [Accessed 25 November 2017].
• MOTA. (2010). National Tourism Strategy (2011-2015), by Ministry of Tourism & Antiquities and USAID/Jordan, [Online] Available: http://www.tourism.jo/Contents/National_StrategiesAr.aspx [Accessed 25 November 2017].
• MOTA. (2015). Ro'ya al-Urdun 2025, by Jordanian Government, [Online] Available: http://www.tourism.jo/Contents/National_StrategiesAr.aspx [Accessed 25 November 2017].
• MOTA. (2011-2016). Statistical Bulletins available on The Official Website of Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities, available online at: http://www.mota.gov.jo [Accessed 12 March 2017].
• OCED. (2011). Socio-Economic Context and Impact of the 2011 Events in the Middle East and North Africa Region, MENA-OECD Investment Programme (December 2011). Available online at: http://www.oecd.org/mena/competitiveness//49171115.pdf [Accessed 11 March 2016].
• Oddone, E. (2015). Bringing Them Back: Boosting Jordan’s Ailing Visitor Numbers, available online at: http://www.venturemagazine.me/2015/12/bringing-them-back-boosting-jordans-ailing-visitor-numbers/ [Accessed 22 December 2017].
• PATA. (2003). Crisis – it won’t happen to us, Bangkok: The Pacific Asia Travel Association (PATA), available online at:
• http://www.visitmyphilippines.com/images/ads/8140278ab0a66d6370c08941e16759dd.pdf [Accessed 11 March 2016].
• Paraskevas, A. and Altinay, L. (2013). Signal Detection as the First Line of Defence in Tourism Crisis. Management, Tourism Management, 34(1), 158-171.
• Pauchant, T.C. & Mitroff, I. (2001). Transforming the crisis prone organization: preventing individual, organisational and environmental tragedies. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
• Pearson, C and Mitroff, I. (1993), “From Crisis-Prone to Crisis-Prepared: A Framework for Crisis Management”, Academy of Management Executive, 7(1), 48-59.
• Pforr, Ch. (2006). Tourism in Post-Crisis is Tourism in Pre-Crisis: A Review of the Literature on Crisis Management in Tourism, Working Paper Series: no. 2006:1, Curtin University of Technology, School of Management.
• Rawashdeh, S. (2017). Arab Spring is a Continuous Process- Jordanian Economist, Jordan Times, issue of 19 July 2017, available online at: http://jordantimes.com/news/local/arab-spring%E2%80%99-continuous-process%E2%80%99-%E2%80%94-jordanian-economist [Accessed 25 December 2017].
• Ritchie, B. W. (2004) Chaos, crises and disasters: a strategic approach to crisis management in the tourism industry, Tourism Management, 25 (6), 669-683.
• Seyondcott, N. & Laws, E. (2006) Tourism crisis and disasters: Enhancing understanding of system effects, Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, 19(2-3), 149-158.
• Smith, D. and Elliott, D. (2006), Key Readings in Crisis Management systems and structures for prevention and recovery, New York: Routledge.
• Sönmez, S., Apostolopoulos, Y., & Tarlow, P. (1999). Tourism in Crisis: Managing the Effects of Terrorism, Journal of Travel Research, 38(1), 13-18.
• Stocker, K. (1997). A Strategic Approach to Crisis Management. In C.L. Caywood (Ed): The Handbook of Strategic Public Relations and Integrated Communications. (pp 189-203), New York: McGraw-Hill.
• UNWTO. (2017). Al Multaqua Ballroom, Arabian Travel Market (ATM), Dubai, Monday, 24 April 2017, Forty second meeting, UNWTO Commission for the Middle East, available online at: http://middle-east.unwto.org/event/42nd-meeting-unwto-commission-middle-east [Accessed 25 December 2017].
• Wang, J., Hutchins, H. M., & Garavan, T. (2009). Exploring the strategic role of HRD in organizational crisis management. Human Resource Development Review, 8(1), 22-53.
• WTO (2003). Crisis Guidelines for the Tourism Industry. Madrid: World Tourism Organization.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors wishing to include figures, tables, or text passages that have already been published elsewhere are required to obtain permission from the copyright owner(s) for both the print and online format and to include evidence that such permission has been granted when submitting their papers. Any material received without such evidence will be assumed to originate from the authors.