INTERNATIONAL CONFLICTS AND ECONOMIC GROWTH: The Case of Turkey

Authors

  • Cem Doğan Mustafa Kemal University
  • Ünal Arslan
  • Hüseyin Karmelikli

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14738/assrj.36.2056

Keywords:

International conflict, economic growth, asymmetry relations

Abstract

In this paper, we examined the asymmetric relationship between international conflicts and economic growth and found that in the long-run and short-run there is not any asymmetry in this subject. We also found that growth rate should be tested with structural breaks because of some structural changes in Turkish economic performance. Our analysis indicate that there is a long-run and symmetric relationship between international conflict and economic growth in Turkey. As we looked at the long-run multiplier of our model, it is an important finding about international conflict. Any increases in international conflict causes negative effect on growth in the long-run. Also with a seeing at a glance to short-run model, we discover that main effect of short-run shocks would be absorbed in model. And approximately 66% of shocks would be corrected each year. So we can conclude that international conflict have negative impact on growth at long-run and economic system of Turkey could adapt with external shocks very quickly.

Author Biography

Cem Doğan, Mustafa Kemal University

Economics

References

REFERENCES:

Bahmani-Oskooee, M., and Chi Wing Ng, R. (2002). Long-Run Demand for Money in Hong Kong: An Application of the ARDL Model. International Journal of Business and Economics, 1(2), 147–155.

Balke, N. S., and Fomby, T. B. (1997). Threshold Cointegration. International Economic Review, 38(3), 627–645. http://doi.org/10.2307/2527284.

Balassa B. (1986), Policy responses to exogenous shocks in developing countries, American Economic Review, 1986(5), 75-78.

Banerjee, A., Dolado, J., and Mestre, R. (1998). Error-correction mechanism tests for cointegration in a single-equation framework. Journal of Time Series Analysis, 19 (3), 267–283. http://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9892.00091.

Coe D.T. and E. Helpman (1995), International R&D spillovers, NBER Working Paper, No. 4444.

Dollar D. (1992), Outward-oriented developing economies really do grow more rapidly: Evidence from 95 LDCs, 1976-1985, Economic Development and Cultural Change, 1992 (40) 523-544.

Durbin, J., Brown, R., and Evans, J. (1975). Techniques for testing the constancy of regression relationships over time. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, 37(2), 149–192. http://doi.org/10.2307/2984889.

International Monetary Fund (…..),International Financial Statistics

International Country Risk Guide,

Granger C.W.J., Yoon G. (2002) Hidden Cointegration, Economic Working Paper Series, No. 539384, Department of Economics, University of California at San Diego.

Lumsdaine, R. L., and Papell, D. H. (1997). Multiple Trend Breaks and the Unit-Root Hypothesis. Review of Economics and Statistics, 79(2), 212–218. http://doi.org/10.1162/003465397556791.

Narayan, P. K. (2005). The saving and investment nexus for China: evidence from cointegration tests. Applied Economics, 37(17), 1979–1990. http://doi.org/10.1080/00036840500278103.

Pesaran, M. H., Shin, Y., and Smith, R. J. (2001). Bounds testing approaches to the analysis of level relationships. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 16(3), 289–326. http://doi.org/10.1002/jae.616

Rehman, H. U., and Afzal, M. (2003). Pakistan Economic and Social Review. Pakistan Economic and Social Review, 41(1), 13–28.

Sachs J.D. and A. Warner. (1995), Economic reform and process of global integration, Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 26(1), 1-118.

Saggi K. (2000), Trade, foreign direct investment, and international technology transfer: A survey, World Bank Policy Research Working Papers, No. 2349.

Schorderet, Y. (2002). A Nonlinear Generalization of Cointegration : A Note on Hidden Cointegration (No. 2002.03). Genève. Retrieved from http://www.unige.ch/ses/metri/

Schorderet, Y. (2003). Asymmetric cointegration. Universite de Geneve, Faculte des sciences eqconomiques et sociales, Departement d'econometrie. Working Paper. (No. 2003.01).

Shin, Y., Yu, B., and Greenwood-nimmo, M. (2014). Modelling Asymmetric Cointegration and Dynamic Multipliers in a Nonlinear ARDL Framework. In R. C. Sickles and W. C. Horrace (Eds.), Festschrift in Honor of Peter Schmidt Econometric Methods and Applications (pp. 281–314). http://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-8008-3.

Zivot, E., and Andrews, D. W. K. (1992). Further Evidence on the Great Crash, the Oil-Price Shock, and the Unit-Root Hypothesis. Journal of Business and Economic Statistics, 10(3), 251–270. http://doi.org/10.1198/073500102753410372.

Deger, S. (1986) Economic development and defense expenditures, Economic Development and Cultural Change. 35: 179–196.

Frederiksen, P.C., Looney, R.E., 1982. Defense expenditures and economic growth in developing countries: some further empirical evidence. Journal of Economic Development 7, 113–126.

Ram, R., 1995. Defense Expenditure and Economic Growth. In: Hartley, K., Sandler, T. (Eds.), Handbook of Defense Economics. Elsevier, pp. 251–274

Smith, R. (1980) Military Expenditure and Investment in OECD Countries, 1954–1973, Journal of Comparative Economics. 4: 19–32.

Rasler, K. and Thompson, W. R. (1998), Defense Burdens, Capital Formation, and Economic Growth, Journal of Conflict Resolution. 32: 61–86.

Downloads

Published

2016-06-19

How to Cite

Doğan, C., Arslan, Ünal, & Karmelikli, H. (2016). INTERNATIONAL CONFLICTS AND ECONOMIC GROWTH: The Case of Turkey. Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 3(6). https://doi.org/10.14738/assrj.36.2056