One-Point Cellulose Adsorbents for Water Purification
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14738/jbemi.64.7640Keywords:
Bioadsorbent, Nanocellulose, Oxidized cellulose, Wastewater PurificationAbstract
The protection of our environment from pollution by various industrial wastewater discharges is of great importance that each Industry treats its effluent to meet acceptable limit/design means to reclaim water from industrial effluents for re-use. The study aimed at reclaiming water from wastewater by assessing the performance of two cellulose adsorbents using the fixed-bed column method to treat pharmaceutical/metal wastewater. The study was carried out by determining the physico-chemical and microbiological parameters of wastewater quality before and after treatment using fixed-bed column. Effluent samples were collected and analyzed according to standard methods.
The range of percentage reduction in pollution load with respect to treatment time: 30, 120, 360 and 1440 min was 45-52%, 55-64%, 31-43, 25- 45%, 41- 44%, 55-73%, 48- 51%, 48-54%, 56-71% 13-31%, 45-52%, 47-67% from the metal effluent using nanocellulose adsorbent while 14-24%, 18-23%, 4-10%, 28-46%, 16-20%, 24-42%, 14-32%, 42-57%, 32-52%, 36-47%, 37-56%, 8-53% from the pharmaceutical effluent using oxidized cellulose adsorbent for colour, turbidity, conductivity, total hardness, Nitrite, Phosphate, Ammonia, Biochemical Oxygen Demand, Chemical Oxygen Demand, total solids, total suspended solids and total dissolved solids respectively. Up to 99.9 % was achieved by the adsorbents in the removal of biological contaminants. The study concluded that the celluloses adsorbents showed promising potentials as one-point adsorbent that can be used for water reclamation from wastewater by its ability to remediate both physico-chemical and bacteriological contaminants.
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(3) Goel, P. K.., Water pollution: Causes effect and control. New Age International, New Delhi. 2006.
(4) Wells, R.J., Water quality criteria and standard. Water. Pollut. Cont., 1977. 77: p. 25-30.
(5) Hammer, J. M., Water quality and pollution waste and water technology 2nd ed1977. John Wiley and Sons, New-York; p. 143-168.
(6) Revenga, C. and G. Mock, Dirty water: pollution problems persist, Earth Trends:Featured Topic, 2001. p.1-6.
(7) Corcoran, E., Nellemann, C., Baker, E., Bos, R., Osborn, D. and H. Savelli, 2010. Sick water? The central role of wastewater management in sustainable development. A rapid response assessment. United Nations Environment Programme, UN-HABITAT, GRID-Arendal.
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(9) Ezenobi, N. O. and Okpokwasili, Bacterial flora and physico-chemical characteristics of hospital sewage in Port Harcourt City. Nigerian Journal of Microbiology, 2004. 18(1-2): p. 277-283.
(10) Woodard F. 2001. Industrial waste treatment handbook, by Butterworth-Heinemann Methods for treating wastewaters from industry. Chapter 8, pp. 335.
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(12) Dabrowski, A., Podkoscielny, P., Hubicki, Z. and M. Barczak, Adsorption of phenolic compounds by activated carbon-a critical review. Chemosphere, 2005. 58: 1049-1070.
(13) Fierro V., Torne-Fernandez V., Montane D. and A. Celzard, Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 2008. 111, 276–284.
(14) Pan. B., Pan. Bi, Zhang. W., Zhang. Q., Zhang. Q. and S. Zheng, Adsorptive removal of phenol from aqueous phase by using a porous acrylic ester polymer. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2008. 157(2-3): p. 293-299.
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(18) Robert, T. D. and A.F. Mazzoni, Water filtration TIEE Corporation, U.S.A 2008. p. 6-15.
(19) Dvorak, B. I. and S.O. Skipton, Drinking water treatment, Activated carbon filtration, University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension, Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Binco., 2008. 1: p. 2-4.
(20) Azeh, Y., Olatunji, G. A. and Adekola F. A. (2017). Synthesis and characterization of cellulose nanoparticles and its derivatives using a combination of spectro-analytical techniques. International Journal of Nanotechnology in Medicine & Engineering, 2017. 2(6): p. 65-94.
(21) Azeh, Y Olatunji, G.A., Cheku, M. and P.A. Mamza, Acetylation of wood flour from four wood species grown in nigeria using vinegar and acetic anhydride. International Journal of Carbohydrate Chemistry, 2013, p. 1-6.
(22) Anuj, K., Yuvraj, S.N., Veena, C. and N.K. Bhardwaj, Characterization of cellulose nanocrystals produced by acid-hydrolysis from sugarcane bagasse as agro-waste. Journal of Materials Physics and Chemistry, 2014. 2(1): p. 1-8.
(23) Gao, X., Ke-Li, C., Heng, Z., Li-Cai, P. and L. Qi-Zing, Isolation and characterization of cellulose obtained from baggasse pith by oxygen-containing agents. BioResources, 2014. 9(3): p. 4094-4107.
(24) Ajit, M.K. and A.S. Padmakar, Determination of physico-chemical parameters of deoli bhorus dam water. Advances in Applied Science Research, 2012. 3(1): p.
273-279.
(25) Devangee, S., Kinjal, B., Jain, N.K. and H.A.. Modi, Physicochemical analysis of water from various sources and their comparative studies. Journal Of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology, 2013. 5(3): p. 89-92.
(26) Qureshimatva U. M., Maurya R. R., Gamit S. B., Patel R. D. and H.A. Solanki, Determination of physico-chemical parameters and water quality index (wqi) of chandlodia lake, ahmedabad, gujarat, india. J. Environ Anal Toxicol., 2015. 5(4): p. 288.
(27) Zakari, M.A., Orukotan, A.A., Mohammed, S.S.D. and I.M. Aliyu, Microbiological analysis of baobab yoghurt produced using Lactobacillus bulgaricus. International Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2017. 2(2): p. 93-101.
(28) Robert, K., Kathleen, W-H. and R. Eric, Identifying unknown bacteria using biochemical and molecular methods credits: Developed and written by Kathleen Weston-Hafer. Specific protocols were optimized by Kathleen Weston-Hafer and Wilhelm Cruz. Washington University in support of Sarah C.R. Elgin from Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI). ). 2006. p. 1-34.
(29) Kampfer, P., Nienhuser, A., Packroff, G., Wernicke, F., Mehling, A., Nixdorf, K., Fiedler, S., Kolauch, C. and M. Esser, Molecular identification of coliform bacteria isolated from drinking water reservoirs with traditional methods and the Colilert-18 system. Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health, 2008. 211: p. 374-384.
(30) Tassadaq, H., Aneela, R., Shehzad, M., Iftikhar, A., Jafar, K., Veronique, E-H., Kil, Y.K. and A. Muhammad, Biochemical characterization and identification of bacterial strains isolated from drinking water sources of Kohat, Pakistan. African Journal of Microbiology Research, 2013. 7(16): p. 1579-1590.
(31) Pommet, M., Juntaro, J., Heng, J. Y., Mantalaris, A, Lee, A. F., Wilson, K., Kalinka, G., Shaffer, M.S. and A. Bismarck, Surface modification of natural fibers using bacteria: Depositing bacterial cellulose onto natural fibers to create hierarchical fiber reinforced nanocomposites. Biomacromolecules, 2008. 9(6): p. 1643-1651.
(32) WHO, Guidelines for drinking-water quality third edition incorporating the first and second addenda. Volume 1 Recommendations 3rd ed2008. Geneva. p. 1-668.
(33) Anum, J., Almas, H., Nawshad, M., Ayesha, N., Moinuddin, G., Jibran, I., Sikander, R. and S.S. Noor, Cellulose-based materials for the removal of heavy metals from wastewater. ChemBioEng Rev., 2018. 4(4): p. 1–18
(34) Katrina, P.Y.S., Yean, L.P. and K.M. Shee, Nanocellulose: Recent advances and its prospects in environmental remediation. Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018. 9: p. 2479–2498.
(35) WHO, Guidelines for drinking-water quality, 3rd ed2004; WHO, Geneva. p. 1-540.
(36) Nigerian Industrial Standard (NIS), Nigerian standard for drinking water quality approved by: SON Governing Council. NIS 554. 2007. p. 1-28.
(37) Henry, M. K., The national environment (standards for discharge of effluent into water or on land) regulations, S.I. No 5/1999 (Under section 26 and 107 of the
National Environment Act, Cap 153). 1999. p. 1-4.
(38) Abdulmumini, A., Abubakar, I.T., Magaji, L., Sani, M.G., Ayuba, A.M., Shehu, H. and B.K. Isa, A Review on Industrial Effluents as Major Sources of Water Pollution in Nigeria. Chemistry Journal, 2015. 1(5): p. 159-164
(39) Grace, O. C. O. and O. Patrick, Evaluation of some industrial effluents in Jos metropolis, Plateau State, Nigeria. African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 2015. 9(6): p. 566-572.
(40) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Parameters of water quality interpretation and standards published by the environmental protection agency, Ireland. 2001. p. 1-133.
(41) Yuhei, I. and F. Naoshi, Water quality and standards – II: Microbial/Biological contamination of water. Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS). 2002. P. 1-4.
(42) Iliyasu, A., Abdullahi, B. H. and A.H. Kawo, An assessment of the microbiological quality of some bottled water sold in Kano metropolis, Nigeria. Special Conference Edition, Bayero J. of Pure and Applied Sci., 2017. 10(1): p. 142-145.
(43) NAFDAC, Guidelines for registration of packaged water in Nigeria. Natioanl agency for drug administration and control: Decree no. 20 of 1999. 2004. p. 1-81.
(44) Megan, C., Joseph, G., Pramod, J., Avnish, K., Priyanshu, M., Peter, N., Mary, S., Rajnish, S., Ingrid, S., Dericks, S. and T. Seth, Designing a water filtration device to remove chemical and biological contamination in Mandi District. An interactive qualifying project submitted to the Faculty of Worcester Polytechnic Institute in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science. 2018. p. 1-50.
(45) EPA 2003. US enviromental protection agency, safe drinking water act. EPA 816-F-03-016.
(46) Schwartz, J., Levin, R. and R. Goldenstein, Drinking water turbidity and gastrointestinal illness in the elderly of Philadelphia. J. Epidemiol. Comm. Hlth., 2000. 54: p. 45-51.
(47) John, K..N., Orish E.O. and O.E. Linus, Some physicochemical parameters of portable water supply in Warri, Niger Delta area of Nigeria. Science Resources and Essay, 2008. 3(11): p. 547-551.
(48) Adejuwon, J.O. and M. A. Adelakun, Physiochemical and bacteriological analysis of surface water in Ewekoro Local Government Area of Ogun State, Nigeria: Case study of Lala, Yobo and Agodo Rivers. International J. water Resources and Environment Engr., 2012. 4(3): p. 66-72.
(49) James, R.A.. Planning of wastewater reuse programme in Nigeria. Consilience: The Journal of Sustainable Development, 2016. 15(1): p. 1-33.
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Published
2019-12-31
How to Cite
AZEH, Y., Paiko, Y. B. ., & Alfred , G. . (2019). One-Point Cellulose Adsorbents for Water Purification. British Journal of Healthcare and Medical Research, 6(4), 01–15. https://doi.org/10.14738/jbemi.64.7640
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