Manipulation of Proteasomal-Generated Peptides for Feed-Forward Activated (FFA) Boosting of Rumen Microbial Cell Protein (MCP) Synthesis: A Comment Paper

Abstract

This paper discusses possible factors limiting microbial cell protein (MCP) synthesis in rumen microbial cells including their nutrient transport system, their proteasomal concentration for peptide feed-forward activation (FFA) and the energy supply from ATP/NADPH for proteomic cell functions. There is an oscillating pattern with diurnal feeding like a wave function in microbial numbers and their activities in producing end products from energy fermentation. This paper then discusses whether the peptide are at optimum concentrations with the feeding pattern. It mentions possible factors that impact peptide concentration on protein synthesis. These are the proteases in and from the feed material and microbially, the limits by transport systems into the cell’s milieu and the limits for dietary preformed amino acids (PFAA) that are reached for rumen microbial cells. Rates of microbial cell protein (MCP) synthesis are limited by the half-life of mRNA transcripts, their functional attachment to their ribosomal units, the half-life depending on the transcriptional levels, rates of RNA exohydrolases and proteasomal concentrations and their rate of peptide generation acting via FFA as stipulated by the Protein Energy Theory for MCP synthesis. Manipulation of transcription factors (TF) is proposed here for proteasomal concentrations in the cell using earlier developed technology referred to as peptide nucleic acid (PNA) Vit B12-carriered biologics intracellularly. There is initial evidence showing that when an endoglucanase alone is genetically manipulated in a non-continuous culture system that with fermentation more ATP is produced with lactic acid end product. As proposed, it still has to be ascertained whether the manipulated ATP supply for energy would suffice to maintain cellular growth with the cellulases involved and whether the resulting proteasomal concentrations with their ‘catalytic’ peptides from proteins (damaged or in excess) in the cell would suffice to cause an effect on rumen MCP synthesis.