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Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal – Vol.7, No.6
Publication Date: June 25, 2020
DOI:10.14738/assrj.76.8413.
Rachmat, N., & Zubaidi, A. (2020). The Effect of Lumbar Support on Lower Back Pain in Ojek Online Drivers in Solo Indonesia. Advances
in Social Sciences Research Journal, 7(6) 362-369.
The Effect of Lumbar Support on Lower Back Pain in Ojek Online
Drivers in Solo Indonesia
Nur Rachmat
Poltekkes Kemenkes Solo, Indonesia.
Alfan Zubaidi
Poltekkes Kemenkes Solo, Indonesia.
ABSTRACT
Online motorcycle taxi drivers (Ojek Online) work long hours driving
motorbikes. the driver experiences low back pain. The use of elastic
lumbar support when driving is expected to reduce pain when sitting
too long in a two-wheeled vehicle and when lifting weights. Therefore,
the authors are interested in conducting research on the effect of use of
lumbar support on lower back pain in ojek online drivers. This type of
qualitative research is quasi-experimental with one group pretest- posttest design test approach. This research will be conducted at the
online motorcyclist basecamp of Solo, Central Java, Indonesia in
February to March 2020. The sample used in this study is 80 people with
back discomfort due to pain when sitting while riding a two-wheeled
vehicle on a motorcycle taxi driver online that fulfills inclusion and
exclusion. The measurement tool used is Visual Analog Scale. Normality
test data used Normality test using Kolmogorov-Smirnov. Hypothesis
testing in this study uses Wilcoxon on the value of the degree of pain at
the beginning and at the end of the study. The results of the study are
that there is an influence of the use of lumbar corset on online back pain
of motorcycle taxi drivers online. There is a decrease in low back pain to
the online motorbike driver after being treated with elastic lumbar
support.
Keywords: Ojek Online, Lumbar Support, Low Back Pain, Indonesia
INTRODUCTION
Along with the development of technology, science and communication facilities at this time the
field of online transportation services has also emerged transportation services easily and quickly
in meeting the needs of the community in Indonesia. There are various kinds of online
transportation services for two-wheeled vehicles that appear such as Gojek, Grab, Get-jek, M-jek
and others. The menus offered are various such as delivery services, delivery of goods, delivery of
food, shopping and cleaning services. [1]
The workload of each worker is different, according to the type of work. Workloads can be mental,
physical and social. Physical burden is found when doing physical work as the main tool such as
driving on a motorized vehicle. In online transportation service work, lowering and carrying goods
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carried out directly without the aid of any tools can be a risk factor for accidents to workers such as
pain or injury on the lower back. [2]
Complaints in the lower back or musculoskeletal complaints are complaints on the skeletal muscles
that are felt with different pain intensities, from mild pain to very painful pain felt by each
individual. Muscles that receive both static and dynamic loads repeatedly and for a long time can
cause serious problems that must be dealt with immediately. Therefore, to reduce the heavy burden
on the lower back muscles, treatment is given using Lumbar Support as a back base in do activities.
[3]
Lumbar support in this condition is very important in reducing pain, especially during activities, in
addition to lumbar stabilization as well as partial takeover of weight support [4]. Lumbar Support
is a device that is mounted on the lower back. Lumbar Support is to provide muscle support in the
lower back and direct protection of extensive body movements to prevent injury and with
abdominal pressure makes the body upright and reduce the degree of kyphosis when doing work
on the vehicle or lifting weights. The use of elastic lumbar support when driving is expected to
reduce pain when sitting too long in a two-wheeled vehicle and when lifting weights. Therefore, the
authors are interested in conducting research on the effect of the use of the effect of the use of
lumbar support for lower back pain on Ojek Online Drivers.
METHOD
The type of research design design used was quasi experiment with one group pretest-posttest
design test approach. This research was conducted in the online motorcyclist basecamp of the city
of Solo in February to March 2020. The population in this study 202 people were sufferers of
discomfort in the back due to pain when sitting riding a two-wheeled vehicle on an Ojek online
driver Solo city in Indonesia. The sample used in the study was 80 people with back discomfort due
to the onset of pain when sitting while driving a two-wheeled vehicle on an online motorcycle taxi
driver who met the specified inclusions and exclusions.
Groups were determined by non probability purposive sampling. The inclusion criteria of this study
were: 1) Subjects experienced discomfort in the back with the onset of pain when sitting two- wheeled driving. 2) Subjects are aged between 20-50 years. 3) Subjects are willing to cooperate and
participate in research programs. 4) Subjects are willing to wear elastic Lumbar Support during the
study period except during breaks, showers or when not working. 5) Subjects are not taking pain
medication, undergoing therapy or using other tools except for the prescribed lumbar support.
The exclusion criteria of this study are: 1) Pain caused by other disorders such as using other tools.
2) Are taking pain medication. 3) Unable to attend. Measuring instruments in the study of patients
with back discomfort with the onset of lower back pain use the Visual Analogue scale, a scale in the
form of a straight line that is usually 10cm (or 100 mm) in length, with depictions of verbs at each
end, such as the number 0 (without pain) to number 10 (heaviest pain).
Measuring tool used in the Visual Analog Scale. Visual Analog Scale (VAS) is the most widely used
way to assess pain. This linear scale visually illustrates the degree of pain that a patient may
experience. The range of pain is represented as a 10 cm long line, with or without markings in each
centimeter. Signs at both ends of this line can be numbers or descriptive statements. One end
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Rachmat, N., & Zubaidi, A. (2020). The Effect of Lumbar Support on Lower Back Pain in Ojek Online Drivers in Solo Indonesia. Advances in Social Sciences
Research Journal, 7(6) 362-369.
represents no pain, while the other end represents the worst possible pain. The scale can be made
vertical or horizontal. VAS can also be adapted to a scale of pain loss / relief. Visual Analog Scale is
used in adult patients. The main benefit of VAS is that it is very easy and simple to use [5]
The operational definitions of this study, 1) lower back pain is pain due to the activity of sitting
down riding a two-wheeled vehicle. Pain that is measured using Visual Analog Scale in the form of
an ordinal scale. 2) Using lumbar support, this study uses an elastic lumbar support intervention
mounted on the lower back to cover the lumbosacral. This lumbar support is in the form of elastic
lumbar corset which is used on respondents' low back pain when they are sitting riding on a wheel
vehicle during working hours.
The stages in conducting the research are as follows: Listing the subjects included in the inclusion
and exclusion criteria, the subject is willing to be the subject of the study and the subject fills out an
informed consent form. Taking initial data starts with observing the subject's activities and factors
that the subject must do in more detail and see the work system when receiving orders. Subjects
were asked to ride a motorbike without being given treatment, then did an initial VAS test before
the treatment was given, after taking within the initial data period the subject was treated using
Lumbar Support for 10 hours in one day, asked to carry out work activities as usual until the day to
10 from the beginning were given treatment.
On the 10th day the post test data retrieval of the subject was re-tested using VAS to find out the
results of the treatment using Lumbar Support and began collecting data from the subjects. After
the research data has been collected both through pre-test and post-test, then the data is edited and
entered. Data processing using SPSS statistical analysis program. Normality test using Kolmogorov- Smirnov. Hypothesis testing in this study uses Wilcoxon on the value of the degree of pain at the
beginning and at the end of the study.
RESULT
Overview and Research Results
Data collection in this study was conducted in February - March 2020, this study aims to determine
the effect of the use of elastic lumbar corsets on low back pain in online motorbike drivers. The
subjects in this study were online motorcycle drivers in the city of Surakarta, aged 20-50 years, as
many as 80 subjects were taken as samples from a total population of 202 people in one community.
The youngest respondent age is 22 years. The age of the oldest respondent is 50 years. The average
age of respondents / study subjects was 35.39 years. Characteristics of respondents by age can be
seen in Table 2.
Online motorcycle drivers in the city of Surakarta are still dominated by male, in this study male
online motorcycle drivers numbered 74 people (92.5%) and 6 women (7.5%). The majority of
drivers use matic type vehicles. 74 people (92.5%) used automatic motorcycles and 6 people (7.5%)
used manual motorcycles. Characteristics of respondents by gender and type of vehicle can be seen
in Table 1.
This study aims to determine the effect of using elastic lumbar corsets on low back pain in online
motorbike drivers. In the research process went smoothly from the beginning to the end of the
research program conducted, obtained by subjects who met the inclusion criteria totaled 80 people.
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In the process of this research went smoothly. 80 respondents were measured pain pre test with
VAS. then the respondent wore a lumbar corset for 10 days, after which a post test was measured,
i.e. measured pain using a VAS. Measurement results showed the average pain before treatment was
33.8. The average measurement of pain after treatment was 22.31. The pretest and post test pain
data can be seen in table 2. Subjects who complained of low back pain were collected from a
community and had a profession as an online motorbike driver in the city of Solo. In this research
process subjects from the beginning of planning to the end of the research process are cooperative
and willing to follow the directions and recommendations well.
Table 1. Descriptive statistics on the characteristics of respondents based on gender and type of
vehicle
Variable n %
Gender
Male 74 92.5
Female 6 7.5
Total 80 100
Transportation Type
Matic 74 92.5
Manual 6 7.5
Total 80 100
Table 2. Descriptive statistics of respondent characteristics based on age, pretest pain and post test
Variable n Min. Max. Mean Std.dev
Usia 80 22,00 50,00 35,39 7,30
LBP_pretest 80 10,00 67,00 33,84 11,34
LBP_postest 80 10,00 45,00 22,31 10,14
Data normality
The normality test results used were the Kolmogorov Smirnov test because the number of samples
in this study were 80. Because the research subjects / samples numbered 80 (> 50), they used the
normality of the data using the Kolmogorov Smirnov test. The results of data normality with the
Kolmogorov Smirnov test showed that both the pretest and posttest variables showed that the data
were not normally distributed, because the p value was <0.05. So the data analysis uses non- parametric statistics, the Wilcoxon test. Statistics on normality test data using Wilcoxon can be seen
in Table 3.
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URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.76.8413 366
Rachmat, N., & Zubaidi, A. (2020). The Effect of Lumbar Support on Lower Back Pain in Ojek Online Drivers in Solo Indonesia. Advances in Social Sciences
Research Journal, 7(6) 362-369.
Table 3. Statistics normality test data using Wilcoxon
Variable p value Α Conclusion
LBP pretest 0,000 0,05 Abnormal
LBP posttest 0,000 0,05 Abnormal
Wilcoxon different test results
The results showed there was a different effect of using elastic lumbar support for lower back pain
of -8.173 where with p value = 0.000 (<0.05), so it can be concluded that there was a statistically
significant effect of using elastic lumbar support on low back pain before and after treatment.
Wilcoxon different test results can be seen in table 4.
Table 4. Wilcoxon different test
Variable Mean Z p value
LBP Pretest 33.84
-8.173 0.000
LBP Posttest 22.31
With a significant difference in the hypothesis test conducted to determine the effect of the use of
lumbar support for low back pain online motorbike drivers with one group pretest and post test
design with the Kolmogorov Smirnov normality test showed normal results followed by the
Wilcoxon hypothesis test with significant results can be interpreted that there is an influence of the
use of lumbar support for lower back pain online motorcycle taxi drivers. There is a decrease in low
back pain for online motorbike drivers after being treated with lumbar support.
DISCUSSION
This research was conducted to determine the effect of using elastic lumbar corsets on low back
pain in online motorcycle drivers in the city of Solo. The data in this study are primary data. The
data obtained is based on direct expression from research subjects using VAS measurement tools
before and after treatment. This research was conducted on online motorbike drivers in the city of
Solo as many as 80 people with purposive sampling technique from 202 total populations that fit
the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The data taken is primary data taken with agreement as stated
in the consent sheet and the measurement of low back pain. Then given a treatment in the form of
elastic lumbar corset for 10 days.
At this time the discussion is the development of information technology towards the application- based ojek business that is modern by using technological sophistication in the virtual world. There
are several companies that use this technological sophistication to create an application-based
motorcycle taxi business. These companies include Gojek, Grab Bike, and Uber [6]. The existence of
TNC online motorcycle taxi is able to open employment opportunities in the transportation sector,
but the impact on reducing unemployment must still be studied further considering that most
online motorcycle taxi drivers previously had jobs. In terms of its impact on the welfare of online
motorcycle taxi drivers, the existence of online motorcycle taxis in general is able to increase the
income of online motorcycle taxi drivers [7]. Advice can be given that online motorcycle taxi