THE CAUSES, PREVALENCE AND THE RAVAGING COROLLARIES OF ILLEGAL CROSS BORDER TRADES (ICBTs) ON NIGERIA’S ECONOMY
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14738/assrj.612.6293Keywords:
Cross Border CrimesAbstract
This study elucidate the causes, prevalence and ravaging corollaries of Illegal Cross Border Trades ( ICBTs ) on the Nigerian economy with a view to proffering workable solutions. The study is anchored on the broken window theory. A sample size of 75 respondents was arrived at using Taro Yamane’s formula and to ensure greater representation of the sample relative to the population, proportionate stratified random sampling technique was used for the selection of respondents. Quantitative data were obtained from the 75 selected respondents who were Nigeria Customs Service staff and who resides in Illela and Sabon-Birni border areas. These areas are in Sokoto State of Nigeria but share boundary with Niger Republic. Data collected were analyzed in line with study objectives and research hypotheses, using descriptive and inferential statistics at 0.05 level of significance. Findings revealed that though policies and programmes tailored along the line of curbing and ameliorating smuggling are made yearly, the rate of ICBTs continue to increase. Reasons for this include preference for foreign goods, craze for cheaper prices of goods, connivance between smugglers and some security personnel, paucity of border security. It was also found that the rate of ICBTs in the studied areas and by projection the nation is on the high side, thus contributing enormously to the receding economy. The study recommended among other things that a threesome relationship between Nigeria Customs Service, traditional elites and local settlers should be developed or built into government policies for curbing ICBTs; there should be a continuous orientation and re-orientation of the people by government agencies and other stakeholders; government increase employment opportunities and reduction in poverty rate; and government should be apt in carrying out statutory responsibilities.
Keywords: Border, Illegal Cross Border Trade, Security personnel, Smugglers, Threesome relationship.
References
Akano, O (1986). The effects of smuggling on the protection of industries in Nigeria Ibadan; Nigerian Institute for social and Economic Research NISER.
Ahmed, A., Ali, S. & Ahmed, N. (2014). Crime and economic growth in developing countries evidence from Pakistan. In Journal of Basic and Applied Scientific Research. 4(4)31-41.
Ango, SOG (1998). “ The Role of Nigeria Customs Service in the realization of vision 2010 spectrum books Ltd Ibadan 1998.
Benjamin, N., Golub, S. & Aly Mbaye, A. (2015). Informal Cross Border Trade and Smuggling in West Africa. In Journal of Borderlands Studies. Volume 30. Issues 3.
Blum, C. (2014). Cross-Border Flows between Nigeria and Benin: what are the Challenge for (human) Security? Abuja, Nigeria: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung
Chowghury, F. L(2010) “Economics of smuggling” Wikipedia March 2016
Customs and Excise Management Act (CEMA)(1958). “Laws of the Federation of Nigeria (LFN), CAP 45 OF 2004” as amended.
Imobighe, T, A.(1990) “Doctrines for and threats to internal Security” in A, E EKOKO and M. A. Vogts (ed) Nigeria Defence Policy: Issues and Problems (Lagos Maltose press 1990).
Lipset, S. M. (1967). Education and entrepreneurship. Elites in Latin America. New York: Oxford University Press.
Luna,D. M.,(2008). Dismantling Illicit Networks and Corruption Nodes. From <http://www.13iacc.org/IACC work shops/workshop 6.2.> (Retrieved March 8, 2010).
Fortey, I. (2008). “The Seven most ingenious (and insane) SmugglingTechniques” pp583-922.
Nwolise, O.B. C and Okunade, B (1987). “Combating Smuggling in Nigeria”; Jato Publishing co. Ibadan.
Ogah (2015): “The Scourge of smuggling in Nigeria” Business and Maritime Magazine November, 2015.
Okoiye, O. E. & Adebisi, K. F. (2016). Moderating effect of smuggling, bad character and negative ability of youths in Shali Boarder town, Oyo State Nigeria. In International Journal of Education, Learning and Development. Vol. 4, No. 2. Pp. 58 -72.
Ortuno,M. T., (2009). Cooperation and Shared Responsibility in the Global Fight Against Organised Crime in Particular Drug Trafficking, Illegal Arms Sales, Human Trafficking and Cross-Border Terrorism. DRAFTREPORT submitted to IDI Assembly of the Inter parliamentary Union and Related Meetings, General.
Wilson, J. Q. & Kelling, G. I. (1982). The police and neighbourhood safety: Broken windows. In The Atlantic Monthly. March, 29 – 38.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors wishing to include figures, tables, or text passages that have already been published elsewhere are required to obtain permission from the copyright owner(s) for both the print and online format and to include evidence that such permission has been granted when submitting their papers. Any material received without such evidence will be assumed to originate from the authors.
