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Discoveries in Agriculture and Food Sciences - Vol. 12, No. 1

Publication Date: February 25, 2024

DOI:10.14738/dafs.121.16476.

Ikramova, M. L., Raxmatov, B. N., Maxsudov, S. I., Yunusov, R., & Karimova, M. F. (2024). Photosynthesis Productivity Improvement

Efficiency and Yield in Salt Soils. Discoveries in Agriculture and Food Sciences, 12(1). 57-83.

Services for Science and Education – United Kingdom

Photosynthesis Productivity Improvement Efficiency and Yield in

Salt Soils

Ikramova, M. L.

Scientific Research Institute for Seed Breeding and Agricultural Texnology of

Cotton Growing, Bukhara Scientific Experimental Station, No.309,

B. Nakshband, Bukhara, 200100, Uzbekistan

Raxmatov, B. N.

Scientific Research Institute for Seed Breeding and Agricultural Texnology of

Cotton Growing, Bukhara Scientific Experimental Station, No. 309,

B. Nakshband, Bukhara, 200100, Uzbekistan

Maxsudov, S. I.

Laboratory of the Bukhara Scientific Experimental Station of the Research

Institute of Selection, Seed Production and Cultivation of Agricultural

Technology. No. 309, B. Nakshband, Bukhara, 200100, Uzbekistan

Yunusov, R.

Department of Soil Science and Agrochemistry,

Bukhara State University, Bukhara, st. 200100 Muhammad Iqbol, 11

Karimova, M. F.

Bukhara State University, 200100 Bukhara, st. Muhammad Iqbol, 11

ABSTRACT

The article provides data on how to increase the growth and development of cotton,

yield, photosynthesis productivity, restore soil fertility, reduce salinity, pH of the

alkaline environment in saline, arid zones of the Bukhara oasis. In the 6th variant,

when using “Carbon dioxide forming a utility model” during the plowing period and

after 1-2 irrigations in cotton, the exhaust gas introduced under the soil turned out

to be the most effective, due to this, the formed carbonic acid normalized the

balance of soil microorganisms, reduced salinity by 52.09%, neutralized alkalinity

after washing salts from pH=8.1 (in control) to 6-var. pH = 7.5 converted hard-to- reach phosphorus into digestible forms for plants, leaf area increased by 0.6805

m2/ plant, dry weight- 320 g, net photosynthesis productivity- 10.4 g/ m2, additional

yield- 15.7q / ha, weight of one bolls- 7.4g, weight 1000pcs. cotton seeds-140g, fiber

length-37.5 mm, fiber yield-39%. Profitability- 34-40%.

Keywords: Carbonic acid forming a utility model”, pH neutralization, Desalination,” Leaf

surface, Dry weight, Photosynthesis productivity, Yield, Profitability

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Discoveries in Agriculture and Food Sciences (DAFS) Vol 12, Issue 1, February- 2024

Services for Science and Education – United Kingdom

INTRODUCTION

The process of photosynthesis for life on Earth is not only of great importance, but, one might

say, decisive. Energy is needed to carry out any process in nature. On Earth, it is taken from the

Sun. Sunlight is captured by plants and converted into the energy of chemical bonds of organic

compounds. This transformation is photosynthesis.

The rest of the organisms on Earth (with the exception of some bacteria) use the organic matter

of plants to obtain energy for their lives.

During photosynthesis, oxygen is released. Oxygen is essential for the process of respiration.

During respiration, the reverse process of photosynthesis takes place. Organic substances are

oxidized, destroyed, and energy is released that can be used for various life processes. Thanks

to oxygen respiration, the living world has received the possibility of a wide and complex

development. And oxygen in the atmosphere was formed due to plants and the process of

photosynthesis.

During photosynthesis, carbon dioxide is absorbed from the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide is

released during respiration.

All organic matter contains the chemical element carbon. It is plants that bind it into organic

substances (glucose), receiving it from inorganic substances (carbon dioxide). And they do it in

the process of photosynthesis. In the future, "travelling" through food chains, carbon passes

from one organic compound to another. Ultimately, with the death of organisms and their

decomposition, carbon again passes into inorganic substances.

For humanity, the process of photosynthesis is also of great importance. Coal, peat, oil, natural

gas are the remains of plants and other living organisms that have accumulated over hundreds

of millions of years. They serve as a source of additional energy for us, which allows civilization

to develop.

There are a number of negative environmental factors that lead to a deterioration in the process

of photosynthesis, including increased soil salinity, high air temperature, low water,

evaporation of moisture from the soil, a breath of warm temperature wind, excess or lack of

light, less than normal light, etc. - others factors.

The Republic of Uzbekistan is located in the center of the Eurasian continent in the Aral Sea

basin. More than 70% of the country's territory is occupied by semi-deserts and deserts,

including the largest desert in Central Asia - Kyzylkum. The total population of the country is

about thirty-five million people, of which about 49% live in regions prone to drought [1-3]; [4-

7].

As a result of one of the world's largest environmental disasters - the drying up of the Aral Sea,

over 60% of the coastal areas of Central Asia have become practically unsuitable for use for

agriculture and other activities. At the same time, 75 million tons of salt are annually distributed

to other parts of Central Asia and beyond. This, in turn, accelerates the processes of salinization