Ecological Methods of Assessing the Quality of The Environment in The Fluctuating Asymmetry of Birch Leaves

The methods of ecological assessment of the environmental quality of growing birch trees on fluctuating asymmetry of leaves after their stop in growth are briefly presented. In comparison with the average values of parameter measurements, each of the five leaves from at least three birches improves the accuracy of modeling and seven times reduces the complexity of measurements.


Introduction
In environmental technology is gradually coming to an understanding of the need for modeling relationships between the parameters of structure of plant leaves identification method [1]. Our Russian inventions refers to the engineering of biology and bioindication of the environment quality measurements of the growth of the organs of different plant species, mostly woody plants, for example, samples in the form of leaves of birch trees with a simple and small leaf blades.
The technical result is an increase in the accuracy of indication of the quality of the surrounding birch leaves of the local environment, as well as simplifying and improving the performance of measurements of leaf parameters. Thus, we completely restore the principle of individuality of biological measurements on the geometry of fluctuation of each sheet.

Biostatistics and Biometrics Open Access Journal
Collection of material should be carried out after stopping the growth of leaves (in the middle lane since July). For environmental assessment of anthropogenic impact on the territory take at least three birches in approximately the same conditions of growth, with each birch take at least five leaves of different sizes on the part of the estimated area, then the measurement of the five parameters of the sheet is carried out with the use of geodetic protractor with the price of dividing the measuring scale of 0.1 mm, with all at least 15 leaves are taken for the population of individual individuals, therefore, the table of measurement results without averaging the measured values is further compiled, and the resulting sample is statistically simulated and subjected to factor analysis to identify binary relations between 10 indicators, with all 100 biotechnical laws identified in the software environment CurveExpert-1.40 by the formula of the form ) exp( ) exp( where y -an indicator or a dependent quantitative factor (10 parameters for five indicators from two halves of the sheet); x -an explanatory variable or an influencing factor (the same 10 parameters from each sheet); According to the results of factor analysis by identifying binary relations between 10 indicators perform environmental assessment of the territory by the coefficient of correlation variation, and then from 100 biotechnical laws are selected having a correlation coefficient of at least 0,7 and consider pairwise five parameters of the sheet, as well as environmental assessment is carried out by differences between the structure and parameters of specific equations.

The results of the measurements in a clean area of the city of Zvenigovo Republic of Mari El
According to the principle of individuality of each leaf, the results of measuring the parameters of 15 leaves of only three birches in a clean area are listed in Table 1. Full factorial analysis includes 10 factors and 10 2 = 100 factor relations. For all of them the equation has the form of (1). The correlation matrix of the factor analysis for assessment of a condition of the environment is given in Table 2. The coefficient of correlation variation of the ecological set of 15 leaves (5 leaves from 3 trees) is 54,8083 / 10 2 = 0,5480. This criterion is used when comparing different sampling sites of birch leaves. In comparison with Table 2, variability in fluctuating asymmetry increased significantly, as 0.5480. Table 1: Results of measurements of birch leaves growing in the clean zone of the city (on 5 of leaves with 3 plants).  Table 2: Correlation matrix of the full factorial analysis of plastic signs of leaves of a birch for assessment of a condition of the environment.

Analysis of binary relations between factors
To do this, we exclude monarny relations from the data 1, we leave only binary relations with strong factorial relations ( Table  3). There are 22 strong binary dependencies left. The formula îñí l ′ ′ → îñí l′ has the highest strength. The distance between the bases of the first and second veins on the right side of the leaves most affects the distance between the bases of the first and second veins on the left side of the leaves. For example, Figure 2 shows a graph of the effect of îñí l ′ ′ → îñí l′ the distance between the bases of the first and second veins on the right side of the leaves by the distance between the bases of the first and second veins on the left side of the leaves when measured by the proposed method on 15 leaves in three birches. Figure 3 shows a graph of the result b ′ ′ → ae l ′ ′ of the influence of the width on the right side of the leaves on the length of the second vein on the right side of the leaves.

Comparison of the proposed methods with the prototype
Thus, the comparison shows that the proposed information technology for processing the values of the same parameters in individual leaves 57 / 22 = 2,59 times stricter than the prototype. The correlation coefficient is also 0,7538 / 0.5480 = 1,38 times less, which indicates better variability. Therefore, it can be concluded that the adoption of the arithmetic mean values of the parameters of birch leaves up to 100 (10 trees for 10 leaves) is artificial, smoothing the variability of fluctuating asymmetry. In reality, it is much more variable.
All 22 strong links in Table 3 are arranged without the loss of a row and form a geometric pattern. This fact also points to the application of the principle of individuality, that is, without averaging the results of environmental measurements. Write out the formula 22 binary factor strong ties, ranging in Table 4 in descending order of correlation coefficient.   Matrix representation of the model (1) is compact, but for clarity we will write the first three binary relationships separately in the form of formulas: • Effect of the distance between the bases of the first and second veins on the right side of the leaves on the distance between the bases of the first and second veins ( • The effect of the length of the second vein on the right side of the leaves on the width on the right (Figure 4)

Conclusion
Thus, fluctuating asymmetry can be captured by statistical modelling from a much smaller volume of measurements. The smallest volume of measurements we recommend 15 (three trees of five different leaf sizes from different places). This will reduce the volume of measurements 100 / 15 ≈ 7 times. However, this increases the accuracy of the analysis of fluctuating asymmetry. The advantage of the proposed method is the technical simplicity of execution, since the equipment requires only a measuring pair of compasses and surveying protractor with scale division 0,1 mm. Therefore, the invention can be widely implemented in school environmental clubs, school forestries, and even kindergartens, as well as in geographical and other expeditions with additional study of the quality of the territory on the properties of the leaves of the birch trees.