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British Journal of Healthcare and Medical Research - Vol. 10, No. 5
Publication Date: October 25, 2023
DOI:10.14738/bjhmr.105.15169.
Shnawa, I. M. S. (2023). An At Glance Insight to the Immune Resilience. British Journal of Healthcare and Medical Research, Vol -
10(5). 109-114.
Services for Science and Education – United Kingdom
An At Glance Insight to the Immune Resilience
Ibrahim M S Shnawa
College of Biotechnology,
University of Qasim and Hilla University College, Babylon, Iraq
ABSTRACT
The immune resilience IR and the allied concepts are being expressed in this
opinion paper.IR is the capacity to preserve or restore immune competence,control
inflammation and stress.IR is suggested as an individual immune trait.It can be
quantified through;measuring CD8+/CD4+ T cell,gene expression signature of the
effector immune cells in infection,inflammation and stress; effector like T cells in
cancer patients;minimal inflammatory reaction in allergy and cytokine in stress
patients.Currently workers have been proposed a grading system to IR activities.It
was in four grades.Grade I is the optimist activity and grade IV is the worest
activity.The molecular mechanisms behind IR is cell – cell communication through
signaling pathways.IR is operable in;infection,vaccination,allergy, maternal
immune activation ,stress and cancer.A program for an animal model and human
case study of vaccine resilience was suggested.
Keywords: Allergy, asthma, cancer, competence, infection, inflammation, immune,
resilience.
INTRODUCTION
The primordial contribution to Immune resilience[IR] has been traced to around a decade ago
and being in the current mode of research was in the latest three years[1-24].IR is the capacity
to preserve or restore immune copetence[IR ].IR impacts human health walfare and life
span.High IR is strongly correlated with improve health outcomes and confere resistance to
viral infections and skin cancer[1-9].The objecive of the present overview paper ensembels as
an at glance insight to the concept of IR and related concepts[10,11,12].
CONCEPT
The IR concept can be defined as the capacity to preserve or restore immune competence and
controls inflammation in face of infection or antigenic stimulation [6]. Or it can be the capacity
to preserve and/or rapidly restore immune functions that promotes disease resistence and
control inflammation in infectious and stress associated diseases [5]. It is of multifactorial
etiogenesis. Among which the immune factors. A third definition is the ability to deal with
microbial invading pathogens [12]
ALLIED CONCEPT
Herd or population immunity [HI] means vaccination of a part of the herd individuals will
confere immunity to the other part. It is also multifactorial nature, among which immune
causes. HI is mainly due to; past infection, past vaccination, pre-immunity. It is genetically
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British Journal of Healthcare and Medical Research (BJHMR) Vol 10, Issue 5, October- 2023
Services for Science and Education – United Kingdom
encoded by major histocompatibility system [MHS], and of three major immune fractions. The
low, moderate and high responders [10]. Herd immune plots are either gaussian distribution
or skwed types [11]. Both IR and HI are; multifactorial and mostly based on the individual
variations, Table- 1, depicted a comparative view.
Table 1: Immune resilience and herd immunity a comparative view.
Features Immune Resilience [1-9] Herd Immunity [10,11]
Based on and Concered with Individual variation, concered with
individuals
Individual variation, concerend with
population
Nature of immunity Individual concerns Immunizationof apart lend immunity
to the other par
Grades/fractions Four grades Three fractions
Gene encodement Immune trait genes MHS
Induction Natural Inducive
Function in Infectious diseases, vaccination,
stress and cancer
Infection, vaccination
Quantification CD8+/CD4+, gene expression
signature, cytokines
Antibody, cytokine, immune cells
count
Not only herd immunity can be of relation to immune resilience,also immune tolerance related
to immune resilience IR.Immune tolerance IT is the ablity of the immune system to sutibley
respond to environment.Proper immune tolerance means that the immune system under risk
of exposure it does not over-react or under react to normal every day food inborn and
environmental immunogens , allergens and even your body tissue antigens.In such a case one
donot have food intolerance,chemical sensetivities or autoimmune condition.Immune
resilience is the ability of individual immune system to deal with a biological pathogens.IR
define whether or not pathogen infect and cause significant and ongoing immune
responses.Loss of IT is going to impair IR.Improving IR to improve IT .To recover impaired IT
is through improving gut microbiome diversity[12,13,14,15],Table- 2.
Table 2: Comparative View to Immune resilience and immune tolerance.
Features Immune resilience IR [5,13,14] Immune Tolerance IT [13,14,15]
Genetics Gene encoded in T cell genome Gene encoded in T and B cell genome
Concerne Mainly T cells Mainly T and B cells
Immune function Restore immune protection Dampen autoimmune reactions
Gut microbiome Infleunced IR Influenced the IT
Detection Quantitation of CD8+/CD4+ Tcells, gene
expression signature
Detection of tolerant T and Tolerant B
cells
OBSERVATIONAL ATTITUDE
Biodiversity has been rised up due to; geographic, genome variation, gene pool variation,
migration patterns and nutrional factors. Biodiversity in human being can best be represented
by the individual variation in biological responses to both external and internal stimuli [10,16].
Why do individuals express differences in life span, health status, and infectious disease
susceptibility across the age. One logical possibility is that variation in immune trait contribute
to these differences [5].