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Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal – Vol. 8, No. 3
Publication Date: March 25, 2021
DOI:10.14738/assrj.83.9839. Hyder, H. (2021). The Pedagogy of English Language Teaching using CBSE Methodologies for Schools. Advances in Social Sciences
Research Journal, 8(3) 188-193.
The Pedagogy of English Language Teaching using CBSE
Methodologies for Schools
Huma Hyder
(Independent Researcher)
Member KSAALT Jeddah,
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
ABSTRACT
Progressive Globalization established the necessity of workforce to
possess excellent communication skills in multiple languages. Areas
such as tourism, trade, media, technology, science, and others use
common languages. However, countries like China, South Korea, and so
forth discussed the need to teach one foreign language at primary as
well as secondary school level and hence developed education policies
that focused on teaching English as a foreign language or second
language. Some countries like Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, and
India already have English language as a second official language.
Hence, English Language Education was considered as second foreign
language which was accepted and now it is considered as a symbol of
aspiring quality education in a national as well as international
perspective. In 21st century, English is considered as an international
link language which is been widely accepted by people across the
world. Although, English language has a historical heritage of British
Empire, it is best used to develop an individual’s cultural,
technological, scientific and material needs that competes with the
society. It is believed that language learning is not just acquiring the
skills of listening, speaking, reading, and writing. Language learning is
also about the language competence and the ways communicative
competence has been applied in an integrated manner. English
language learning is not just an educational issue, it also addresses the
issues of the society, national development, and personal
advancement. In the present scenario, English Language acquired an
inclusive place in most of the societies, especially in India. As a result,
English Medium Schools have gained immense popularity which
responds to aspiration of the people. This paper tries to present the
significance of English as a Second language. The main purpose of this
paper is to explore the significant pedagogies or methodologies used in
schools to teach English as English language plays a crucial role in the
education sector.
Key Words: inherent, communication, structure, grammar, phonology,
suggestopedia.
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Hyder, H. (2021). The Pedagogy of English Language Teaching using CBSE Methodologies for Schools. Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 8(3)
188-193.
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.83.9839 189
INTRODUCTION
Language is generally understood as a set of arbitrary vocal symbols which are operated in social
groups as a means to communicate, verbalize, and express an individual’s desires, emotions, and
feelings. To put it differently, language is considered to be an indivisible part of the human society.
It is believed that human civilization has occurred only with language. Human language is
different from animals and hence is discussed to be human in nature (Verplaetse & Migliacci,
2017).
Some of the fine characteristics of language are identified as follows:
Language is not an inherent process, instead it is a learnt activity. Usually, any language is learnt
through practice and imitation. Hence, language is not inherited, it is acquired from one
community to other community. It is widely accepted that an individual acquires a language when
he/she is transferred from one community to the other. Language is compared to human body
that functions by means of words, structures, syntax, sounds and so forth (Verplaetse & Migliacci,
2017).
Language is not static as it undergoes changes in its structure, grammar, phonology, vocabulary
and so forth over the time. Most importantly, language is vocal. Of all the basic skills, speaking is
considered as the fundamental and rudimentary thing in language than other skills like listening,
reading, and writing. Hence, language is considered to be essential in the process of
communication. It is widely held view that there is no significant relationship between words and
meaning in a language (Verplaetse & Migliacci, 2017). Therefore, language is nothing but arbitrary
in nature. Above all, any language is learnt through practice and not through rules. It can also
mean that language is a kind of habit formation which require zero effort of any individual. In
other words, language is the product of society and its culture. Every language is unique in its own
structure, grammar, vocabulary, phonology and so forth. Thus, it can be stated that no two
languages are alike.
Language has several functions of which seven of them are considered to be elementary or
fundamental (Davidse, 2018). Language is the means of serving the instrument or the material
needs of an individual. It is also used to control the behaviour of other individuals. Language is
prominently used to advise, suggest, and propose ideas with the aim of doing something for a
better cause. Subsequently, language is used to interact with each other which includes
sympathizing other human beings, expressing gratitude, greeting and complementing each other,
demonstrating hostility and so forth. Additionally, language serves the personal needs of every
individual. Personal feelings, emotions, and desires of an individual are expressed through
language. Language is also used to think and image a world which is not existing. It is also used to
represent, describe, and present the imaginative mind in words (Davidse, 2018).
Broadly speaking, any language is learnt with an ease just like learning to run, play, walk and other
day-to-day activities. It has been widely acknowledged that children who are admitted to English
Medium Schools adapt better communication skills than those who study in government schools.
The medium of school largely impacts the language learning of the language where teachers apply
different ways to teach language. As already discussed, language is a process of habit formation,
which is shaped either consciously and unconsciously. The other methods of language learning
adopted in schools include practice and drill, oral approach, natural order of learning i.e., listening,
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speaking, reading, writing, multi-skill approach, situational approach, exposure, imitation,
selection and gradation, accuracy and purpose, correlation and so forth.
In practice and drill method, language is learnt through constant practice and drill. In oral
approach method, the child first learns to speak prior to reading and writing just like he/she
learns to speak his mother tongue. It is widely held view that a child learns to speak in his/her
mother tongue without any instructions which should be taken into consideration while teaching
English as a second language. On the other hand, multi-skill approach stresses on all the four skills.
Situational approach states that language should be taught and learnt naturally when the child is
exposed to various situations. In selection and grading approach, the language learning process is
based on the factors like difficulty level, frequency level of the students as well as teachers. In
exposure method, the child is exposed to the language and hence he/she learns the language
naturally. Language can also be learnt by means of imitation which can be made by implementing
audio-visuals in the teaching-learning process. Apart from the above, motivation, accuracy,
purpose of language learning should be decided which will allow the learners to learn the
language in the easiest way. Recently, it is understood that learners learn new language easily
when they co-relate their situations with real life. Thus, instructors use different methodologies to
teach English as a Second language in schools. This paper aims to discuss the methodologies
predominantly used in CBSE schools to teach English which is largely appreciated and successfully
implemented across the world.
CONVENTIONAL METHOD OF TEACHING ENGLISH
Generally, the teaching learning process involves sending and receiving the information. To make
the teaching-learning process easy, educational institutions have begun implementing innovative
methods to enhance the education, strengthen the governance, and empower people and so forth.
English Language Teaching has been subjected to enormous change over the course of time,
specifically in the last decade. The need for a transition in the English Language Teaching has
begun recently for the betterment of the society as well as to survive in the global market.
Sustaining in any field, especially in this 21st century, seems to be impossible without
communication (Moin et.al, 2019). Thus, communication is considered as a fundamental aspect in
the progress and development of a country and its citizens in a full-fledged manner. Some of the
existing ideologies such as unproductive methodologies, inappropriate teaching-learning,
materials, contextualized teaching, stressing on multi-language skills, and so forth have been
considered as the crucial factors which affect the existing ideologies of teaching English as a
second language.
Over the last decade, Grammar Translation method was predominantly used which exclusively
depended on black board. Using the blackboard, teachers taught communication skills to the
students (Moin et.al, 2019). Gradually, teachers began using projectors in the classrooms to make
the learning process easier. Moreover, these kind of teachers believed that practice and drill
method will help the students to learn a new language effectively. Later, emphasis was given on
contextualized discourse which was considered to be genuine, effective, as well as meaningful. To
be more precise, in a traditional classroom, teacher takes the control of entire classroom, where as
student’s pays attention to the class. In other words, teachers play an active role, while students
play a passive role in the traditional classrooms, that is, students play only a little part in the
teaching-learning process (Moin et.al, 2019).
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URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.83.9839 191
Most of the educational institutions state that the conventional method of teaching-learning seems
to be ineffective, as it had several issues like budget, class size, time factor and many more.
However, this method was effective for a longer period of time as it served the functions of
English. Slowly, this method turned out to be not very useful, which led to Audio-lingual method.
In this method, the instructor uses audio-visual aids to teach the foreign or second language. This
method is otherwise called as direct method which stresses to think directly in foreign language. It
creates direct bond between the words ad its meaning which helps to enhance the phonology. As
time progressed, English Language teaching saw the rise of communicative methodology that
stressed on activity-based learning, situation-based learning, and topic-based learning (Kamalja,
2014).
CONTEMPORARY METHODS OF TEACHING ENGLISH
The modern methods of Teaching English are described as student-centered. It is stated that these
methods are not time-consuming. Moreover, applying these modern methods enhances the
teaching quality, enhances the communication skills of the students, and enhances the competence
of the learners. Ideally, any language is naturally acquired, nevertheless, academic knowledge will
improve the language ability. Basically, English Learning Classrooms are full of activities which
creates an environment for the students to interact with each other. By doing so, the learners get
to know different accents and henceforth gain more exposure. With the development of
technology, textbook are likely to be replaced by tablets, smartphones, and other electronic
gadgets. This demands teachers to be equipped with current practices, apart from the academic
knowledge, which helps them to develop their professionalism. In other words, the teachers
should understand the need of the hour and develop their professional skills by understanding the
upcoming ideologies with respect to English Language Teaching.
It is widely held view that teachers should be updated with the existing and new practices to teach
the children with accurate knowledge. In order to make the teaching English Language effectively,
several teaching learning materials as well as methodologies has been widely used across the
nations. Information and Communication Technology is being associated with teaching English
Language as it is considered to be essential in the process of globalization. Both Central Board of
Secondary Education and Indian Council of Secondary Education shared their ideas on English
Language Teaching. They suggested that English Language should be taught by adopting
interactive approach which allows individuals to communicate with each other. They opined that
interaction allows the receiver to receive new information and unknown thoughts. This
interaction methods allows the learners to use the language in real. Some of the interactive
teaching styles adopted by CBSE and ICSE schools include Think Pair & Share, Brainstorming,
Role-play, Sports commentary, Debate, Buzz Sessions, Follow the leader, Opposite arguments,
YouTube Quizzes, Puzzle pieces, Total Physical response (TPR), and many more.
Communicative Language Teaching method usually stresses on communication an alternative
to existing methods. This method of teaching language is completely based on communication
competence which allows the learners to have meaningful, real, and genuine communications
instead of creating artificial situations. It is discussed that communicative Language Teaching
involves real communication, interesting activities, and so forth. In addition, this method allows
individuals to carry out meaningful communication.
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Web Based Learning is one of the recent developments in the field of English Language Teaching.
Various types of English web based classes are being offered to teach basic skills like listening,
speaking, reading, and writing. It is important to note that the web based classes are interactive in
different ways which allows the learners to interact with each other. For instance, the learners get
the opportunity to connect with native speakers of the selected language with the help of emails
and other sources which are free. The learners can use Yahoo, Gmail, Hotmail, and so forth to mail
their tasks or assignments to their respective teachers. The teachers can correct the tasks and
send it back to the learners along with the feedbacks, suggestions and much more. Blogging is
another kind of web based learning where students get to write and read on various topics. Hence
it is also considered as a medium to interact and communicate with each other when readers as
well as reviewers comment on the posted blogs as a kind of reaction for and against the criticism
raised by the public. Blogs are read and commented by those who read them although it is posted
in a secured environment. Web based learning allows the learners to use the audio-video
functions of a computer or laptop with the help of internet and other electronic items such as
camera. By doing so, the learners get the opportunity to identify their teachers who will help the
learners to get corrections and improve their communication skills, especially in English Language
Teaching. With the help of smart phones, the learners can look out for new vocabulary,
understand their meaning, pronunciation and eventually can improve their vocabulary. Above all,
the learners can send short messages to the teachers and get the doubts cleared.
Suggestopedia is another type of method used in English Language Teaching which was
developed by the Bulgarian psychotherapist Georgi Lozanov. It is used mostly to learn foreign
languages. Suggestopedia is otherwise called as pseudoscience. It is trusted that the learners
develop an interest towards work or activity by simply believing that it is work, which can be used
to enhance the process of learning a language considering the suggestions. Suggestopedia is
understood as a system for liberation from the ‘preliminary negative concept regarding the
difficulties in the process of learning’ (Kamalja, 2014). According to Kamalja, (2014)
suggestopedia is nothing but the mere application of suggestion in the process of language
teaching. This method allows the learners to overcome all the barriers and helps to enhance the
learning. This method has been implemented in the classrooms so that the learners come up with
suggestions which will eventually remove all the mental barriers and enhance their learning.
Task-Based Approach shifts it focus from skills to competencies which is considered to be
important to lead a successful life. The students are given specific tasks, which can be individual or
group, and allow them converse with the characters. By doing so, the learners get a chance to
learn and apply language. The teachers understand the learners’ needs, expectations and then
design the lessons which makes the students successful.
Project-Based Approach genuinely addresses the needs of the learner and provide chances for
the latter to develop their skills, competencies, both personally and professionally. Use of real- time materials will add on to the completion of tasks. This approach allows learners to work in a
team and understand the needs of the project. Learners get to interact and will be able to produce
effective results than expected.