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Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal – Vol.7, No.10
Publication Date: October 25, 2020
DOI:10.14738/assrj.710.9240.
Herianto, N., Nakir, M. & Hendra, A. (2020). Making A People's Defense and Safety System. Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal,
7(10) 350-363.
Making A People's Defense and Safety System
Novi Herianto
Total War Strategy Study Program,
Faculty of Defense Strategy, Indonesia Defense;
M. Nakir
Faculty of Defense Strategy,
Indonesia Defense University
Afrizal Hendra
Faculty of Defense Strategy,
Indonesia Defense University
ABSTRACT
Article 30 of the 1945 Constitution is the basis for the formulation and
drafting of Law No.3 / 2002 on national defense. In article 30, it is
stipulated that national defense and security efforts are carried out
through the system of defense and security of the total people by the
Indonesian National Army and the Indonesian National Police, as the
main force, and the people, as the supporting force. This system of
defense and security for the people of the universe is then manifested in
Law No.20 / 1982 concerning the main provisions of national defense.
However, when the TAP MPR Number VI and Number VII was issued
regarding the Separation of the Police from ABRI. The government is
drafting a new Defense Law that is aligned to separate Defense and
security that is adaptive to these changes. The defense is compiled and
formulated and then translated into Law no. 3/2002, however, the Law
on Security was not immediately realized, instead Law No.2 / 2002
concerning the Indonesian National Police. Until now, the Law on
Security does not exist and has not been materialized. As a result, there
is a gap between legislation in the defense sector and legislation in the
security sector. Some of the mandates of Law No.3 / 2002 can then be
translated into Laws, Government Regulations, Presidential decrees
instead other legislation products to support national defense. The lack
of this security aspect of course affects the defense and security system
which was previously manifested as a comprehensive unit which is of
course adjusted to the history of the nation itself. In addition to defense
duties which are military in nature, there are tasks in the field of
military Nir which all fall into the category of security aspects. As long as
there are no regulations governing Security, the Defense and Security
System mandated in the 1945 constitution will never materialize.
Keywords: system, defense, security
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URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.710.9240 351
Herianto, N., Nakir, M. & Hendra, A. (2020). Making A People's Defense and Safety System. Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 7(10) 350-363.
INTRODUCTION
The universal people's defense and security system (SISHANKAMRATA) is a concept established by
the Indonesian nation as a way to face and overcome threats and disturbances carried out by other
countries as well as domestic rebellions that determine the totality of mobilizing all components of
the nation in taking part in national defense. This concept has been proven capable of upholding
sovereignty, territorial integrity and protecting all nations and states.
In MPR Decree No.VI/2000 The role of the Indonesian National Armed Forces, namely "The
Indonesian National Army and the Indonesian National Police are institutionally separate according
to their respective roles and functions. The Indonesian National Army is a state instrument that
plays a role in national defense; and the National Police of the Republic of Indonesia are state
instruments that play a role in maintaining security and in defense and security activities, the
Indonesian National Army and the Indonesian National Police must cooperate and help each other.
In MPR Decree No.VII / 2000, the role of the Indonesian National Army is a state instrument that
acts as a defense tool for the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia with the main task of
upholding the country's sovereignty, territorial integrity of the Unitary State of the Republic of
Indonesia based on Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution, and protecting the entire nation and all the
blood of Indonesia from threats and disturbances to the integrity of the nation and state and to carry
out state duties in implementing compulsory military service for citizens. Meanwhile, the State
Police of the Republic of Indonesia is an instrument of the state that plays a role in maintaining
security and public order, enforcing the law, providing protection, and providing services to the
community.
With the existence of these two MPR decrees, an adjustment must automatically be made to Law no.
20/1982 concerning the main points of national defense because it is no longer relevant to the MPR
TAP. Two years later, namely in 2002, the ministry of defense made adjustments by compiling and
formulating and realizing a defense law based on the two MPR TAPs with the issuance of Law No.3
/ 2002 on national defense. Unfortunately, the security aspect has not been regulated. Even now,
there is no sign that the Draft Law on National Security will be ratified and approved by the
Indonesian Parliament. Because there is no Regulation on Security, there is no security system that
can be used as a guide in preparing a system of defense and security for the people that is universal.
Problem
From the description in the background above, the defense and security system has not been as
expected because it has only managed the Defense system, not yet the Security system. So that the
question to this problem is "Has the Defense and Security System of the universal people been
realized? ".
Objectives and benefits
In order to get an overview of the Defense and Security System that is currently in effect so that the
defense and security system of the total people is realized in accordance with Article 30 of the 1945
Constitution.
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Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal (ASSRJ) Vol.7, Issue 9, September-2020
THEORY BASIS
Security Theory
According to the Oxford Dictionary defines security as a state condition that is free from danger or
threat (Oxford, 2012). Barry Buzan, in his book People, States, and Fear (1991: 4) says that:
“security, in any objectivesense, measures the absence of threat to acquired values, in a subjective
sense, the absence of fear that such values will be attacked. "(Security, in any objective sense,
measures the absence of a threat to the values acquired, in a subjective sense, the absence of fear
that those values will be attacked).
According to Buzan, security is a condition related to several other aspects of human life, not only
military issues, but also includes political, economic and socio-cultural issues, classifying security
into five dimensions, namely:
1. The military dimension, does not only refer to the development of conventional and nuclear
military forces but includes the development of the capacity of military personnel and
military doctrines;
2. Political dimension, namely the efforts made by the state to maintain and maintain the
continuity of a political process, ideology and government system;
3. Economic dimension, namely efforts to protect economic resources and welfare owned by
the state;
4. The social dimension, which refers to the ability to protect the cultural values of a nation;
and
5. The environmental dimension refers to efforts to protect and maintain the environment for
the main support of human survival. So broad in scope, national security can be said to have
high universal value.
The concept of security (security) is developed from two approaches, namely security of the state
or National Security which is seen from the emergence of threats to state sovereignty and security
of the people which are on a broader spectrum of issues such as welfare, the environment, cultural
identity or political discrimination.
National Security is defined as the dynamic condition of the nation and the unitary state of the
republic of Indonesia which guarantees the safety of its citizens, society and the nation as well as
the protection of the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the unitary state of the Republic of
Indonesia from all threats in the framework of sustainable development in accordance with national
interests.
National Security is divided into three parts, namely; human security, which guarantees every
individual, gets safety and protection from threats that occur systematically, extensively and under
extraordinary conditions in the context of realizing national security; public security, which is a
dynamic condition that guarantees the public, environment and public order to get safety and
protection from threats that occur systematically, widely and under extraordinary conditions in the
context of realizing national security; and State security as a dynamic condition which ensures the
upholding of state sovereignty, territorial integrity and safety of the entire nation from military,
armed and unarmed threats arising from within the country or from abroad in the context of
realizing national security.