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Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal – Vol.7, No.10

Publication Date: October 25, 2020

DOI:10.14738/assrj.710.9219.

Kartoli, Anwar, S., & Risman, H. (2020). The Handling of Covid-19 Pandemic in Indonesia from The Perspective of a Nonmilitary Defense

Strategy. Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 7(10) 317-329.

The Handling of Covid-19 Pandemic in Indonesia from The

Perspective of a Nonmilitary Defense Strategy

Kartoli

Total War Strategy Study Program,

Faculty of Defense, Indonesia Defense University

Syaiful Anwar

Total War Strategy Study Program,

Faculty of Defense, Indonesia Defense University

Helda Risman

Total War Strategy Study Program,

Faculty of Defense, Indonesia Defense University

ABSTRACT

Pandemic Coronavirus Disease -2019 (COVID-19) resulted in various

aspects of the life of Indonesian people, including aspects of defense and

security. The defense state classifies threats into military threats,

nonmilitary, and combined or hybrid threats. The epidemic of COVID-19

is a non - military threat with a public safety dimension against the

national defense. The bureaucracy that has not been properly

integrated, sectoral egos, and negative news about the pandemic have

become obstacles in the handling of the COVID-19 pandemic by the

Government of Indonesia. This research aims to analyze the simple

handling of the pandemic COVID-19 by the Indonesian Government

from the perspective of nonmilitary defense principles. This becomes

important to unravel and minimize the obstacles faced so that

subsequent handling will be more effective and efficient. This paper

uses descriptive analysis with a qualitative approach and a literature

study. With the theory principles of defense strategy of nonmilitary, the

author is looking at a step -step undertaken Indonesian Government in

handling the pandemic COVID-19. The principle of unity of command,

coordination principle, the principle of anticipation, and the principle of

transparency still need to be improved in a concrete way so that the

handling of the pandemic COVID-19 is effective and efficient, could be

reached. Building synergies and integrity policymakers consistently

and continuously, inevitability to improve the defense state ability in

the face of threats, military, nonmilitary and hybrid threats.

Keywords: Strategy, defense, nonmilitary, COVID-19, Indonesia.

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Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal (ASSRJ) Vol.7, Issue 9, September-2020

INTRODUCTION

With the transmission is easy, simply in no more than four months to WHO data per October 4, 2020,

showed the victim contracted COVID-19 globally has reached 34.804.348 cases with fatalities

1,030,738 peoples. (WHO, 2020) With the distribution area, as seen in table 1.

Table 1. Data on the number of victims who contracted and died of COVID-19

*Percent change in the number of newly confirmed cases / deaths in past seven days, compared to

seven days prior. Regional percentages rounded to the nearest whole number, global totals may not

equal 100%.

Source: Report on the COVID-19 pandemic situation, WHO. (Processed by researchers)

Indonesian Government's efforts in handling pandemic COVID-19 through policies, maintain social

and physical distance. This policy is a difficult choice for the Indonesian Government because it has

an impact on the economic and social aspects of society at large. Coordination among government

agencies that have not synergy as well, bureaucratic overlap and sectoral ego relatively still an

obstacle that tends to add to the problems that effectivity and efficiency of achieving the objectives

of handling COVID-19 and increase the burden of the task Task Force Acceleration Handling COVID- 19. (Telaumbanua, 2020; Djalante et al., 2020)

Referring to the opinion of Arthur Ochs Sulzberger Sr (Former Capt.in the US Marine, Publisher of

The New York Times) stated that teamwork that goes together in order to achieve a common goal

identified would run better than rushing quickly at the top level but not accompanied with other

supporters as a team (Tracy, B. 2017). Harmonize the teamwork, synergy, and coordination is

essential to gain success in goal achievement. This topic is interesting to study in the face of an

indication of the reality in the field, which shows coordination and synergy are still obstacles the

Task Force faces for the acceleration of handling COVID-19 in carrying out its duties.

(Zahrotunnimah, 2020).

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URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.710.9219 319

Kartoli, Anwar, S., & Risman, H. (2020). The Handling of Covid-19 Pandemic in Indonesia from The Perspective of a Nonmilitary Defense Strategy. Advances

in Social Sciences Research Journal, 7(10) 317-329.

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a form of threat that significantly affects the stability of national

security in Indonesia and, in turn, will also affect the ability of the national defense to face threats,

especially nonmilitary threats. Based on the description above, the author sees the need or policy

taken by the Indonesia Government to handle the pandemic COVID-19 in terms of the context

actualization principles of nonmilitary defense strategy. Where the Law number 3 on National

Defense in 2002 stated, in the face of the threat of nonmilitary, defense systems Countries should

put government agencies outside the defense sector as a key element, according to the shape and

nature of the threats faced by supported by other elements as the support in the face of threats

nonmilitary against the defense of the state.

This study was conducted using a descriptive analysis method with a qualitative approach and a

literature study. The author reviewing the analysis by describing the Government's steps and efforts

in handling the pandemic COVID-19 and its impact is analyzed using the theory of strategy

principles Brian Tracy (2017). The data were obtained from various sources, including literature

studies, online media, official government websites, and other online news sites, articles and

journals, and other related sources.

DISCUSSION

The COVID-19 Pandemic and It’s Dynamics

The COVID-19 pandemic is the spread of a disease caused by a new type of coronavirus called Severe

Acute Respiratory Syndrome-related coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). The SARS-CoV-2 virus is thought

to spread through droplets when coughing occurs and also through contaminated surfaces from

sufferers. Symptoms that appear generally are fever, cough, and shortness of breath, and lead to

complications in the form of pneumonia and severe acute respiratory disease, causing death in a

relatively short time. Until this time, a vaccine or cure has not been found (Lippi, Sanchis-Gomar, &

Henry, 2020). The most significant effort to reduce and inhibit the spread of COVID-19, the most

significant effort is to reduce direct communication activities with the outside environment and

adopt a clean lifestyle and increase body immunity. Also, monitoring efforts for people showing

symptoms affected by COVID-19 (Susilo et al., 2020).

Prevention measures and efforts by limiting human activities have a significant impact on the joints

of people's lives globally. Public socio-economic activities are disrupted, delays, and even

cancellations of productive activities in various aspects, to the occurrence of news misinformation

regarding the COVID-19 pandemic, which has caused anxiety in the community. Industrial sectors

have reduced their employees greatly, adding to social and economic problems because the

unemployment rate has increased and other impacts such as poverty, crime, and psychological

impacts on society (Mona, 2020).

Handling of the COVID-19 Pandemic

The first case of COVID-19 in Indonesia was discovered in early March 2020, when two people

contracted the disease from a Japanese citizen, and in just one month, the first week of April 2020,

the COVID-19 pandemic had spread to 34 provinces. The latest data development until July 2, 2020,

recorded positive cases of COVID-19 of 59,394, recovered 26,667, died 2,987 (Yunus & Rezki, 2020).

This condition shows how fast the spread of COVID-19 is, in a relatively short time, the COVID-19

cases are so large the number of people who are positively infected (Mona, 2020). Until now, the

Indonesian Government continues to concentrate on facing and controlling the impact of the COVID-