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Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal – Vol.7, No.8
Publication Date: August 25, 2020
DOI:10.14738/assrj.77.8769.
Ruswandi, Y., Gintings, A., & Koswara, N. (2020). Entrepreneurship Education Management To Overcome The Intellectual
Unemployment At Dzikir Al-Fath Sukabumi Islamic Boarding School. Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 7(8) 1-11.
1
Entrepreneurship Education Management To Overcome The
Intellectual Unemployment At Dzikir Al-Fath Sukabumi Islamic
Boarding School
Yudi Ruswandi
Postgraduate School, Universitas Islam Nusantara
Abdorrakhman Gintings
Professor, Education Policy, Universitas Faletehan.
Nandang Koswara
Lecturer in Educational Management, Universitas Islam Nusantara
ABSTRACT
This research was motivated by two facts in the field, namely: a) the data
of job seekers who made the Kartu Kuning (Job Seeker Card) to
Sukabumi City and Regional Office of Manpower and Transmigration
reached 3,000 to 5,000 people; b) Unemployment rate in 2017 based on
data from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) in Sukabumi Regency
reached 7.66% and Sukabumi City 8.00%. The purpose of this study is
to describe the implementation of entrepreneurship education
management and to uncover the success of the Al-Fath Sukabumi Islamic
Boarding School in educating students to become entrepreneurs who
have a vision of Islamic economics. Research procedures include pre- field activities, fieldwork, and data analysis. Data collection techniques
consist of interviews, observation, and documentation study. The
results of this study found that the application of entrepreneurship
education management implemented in an integrated and
comprehensive manner through the Lecture, Santri program, while
Continuing Work Outsourcing (KSB2Osc). Based on these results, the
conclusion of this study is that the Dzikir Al-Fath Sukabumi Islamic
boarding school has succeeded in producing entrepreneurs who have a
vision of Islamic economics. The success of the Dzikir Al-Fath Sukabumi
Islamic Boarding School had an impact on the making the welfare of the
people to be better. In accordance with the results of the study, the
recommendations of this study are, first, other boarding schools can
implement entrepreneurship education management so that more and
more entrepreneurs have a vision of Islamic economics. Second, in
relation with the development of E-Commerce, the Dzikir Al-Fath
Islamic Boarding School has not reached development up to that point.
This means that, in the future, E-Commerce must be part of the
curriculum.
Keywords: Entrepreneurship, Education Management.
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Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal (ASSRJ) Vol.7, Issue 8, August-2020
INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
Among the various forms of economic activity, one of which is through entrepreneurship.
Entrepreneurship is a form of independent economic activity through the process of creating a
product or service by providing additional economic value to the product or service. In other words,
entrepreneurship means creating your own employment rather than working for someone else.
Certain types of businesses that are built independently will certainly be able to provide great
benefits for themselves and the wider community. For the community, the business will open new
jobs and provide new means of livelihood for the time they have the ability to do entrepreneurship
yet. Therefore, entrepreneurial motivation is in accordance with the Hadith of the Prophet
Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلمwhich is narrated by Ath Thabrani that "The best of human beings is the most
beneficial for others."
Given the enormous contribution of entrepreneurs to the wider community, then everyone should
be encouraged to get intensive education and training to become entrepreneurs. Education must
start early, because being an entrepreneur is not a simple and easy thing that it requires the
maximum intention, energy, cost, courage, and effort. It means that enthusiasm must be fostered
from the start, how to foster a strong mentality and dare to start creating your own business field.
Starting a new business must be preceded by careful business planning. Business planning includes
many things, one of which is the idea of making high-selling products that are needed by many
people. This idea emerged preceded by an analysis on the needs and demand of the market for
certain goods / services. Thus, a young entrepreneur who is able to read market opportunities tends
to be more successful. It is because the results of the analysis, can create brilliant ideas, creative,
and innovative in making the products or services needed.
Business opportunities sometimes do not always have to make new products, but rather the ability
to read business opportunities. Although the product already exists, if there is a creative and
innovative touch from the hands of entrepreneurs, the product will be able to produce promising
benefits. On the other hand, for people who lack the ability of creativity and innovation in a product
does not mean the opportunity to become entrepreneurs is smaller. With perseverance, there might
be other competencies that become their expertise such as business management expertise. In the
field, it is not uncommon for many successful entrepreneurs to have this ability. for example, a
tempeh entrepreneur (tempeh or tempe is a traditional Indonesian soy product, that is made from
fermented soybeans) succeeds in becoming a successful entrepreneur simply because he is able to
empower people who are adept at making tempeh. The success he achieved did not come from his
own creative touch in making high quality tempeh, but through his intelligence in empowering
people who are adept at making tempeh.
The current fact is that the unemployment rate in the area is still quite high. Even more
unemployment was contributed by vocational school graduates and even universities. This image
of education becomes the challenge of the Dzikir Al-Fath Sukabumi Islamic Boarding School in the
future, where future Al-Fath students must be able to study, Santri, while working, sustainable and
outsourcing. For the wider community, Dzikir Al-Fath Sukabumi Islamic Boarding School opens its
doors as wide as possible for anyone who will continue education. Formal education facilities are
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Ruswandi, Y., Gintings, A., & Koswara, N. (2020). Entrepreneurship Education Management To Overcome The Intellectual Unemployment At Dzikir Al-Fath
Sukabumi Islamic Boarding School. Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 7(8) 1-11.
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.78.8769 3
quite complete starting from PAUD (early childhood education program), elementary school, junior
high school, vocational school/Madrasah Aliyah (MA), until universities are available. Other
facilities for schooling in Al-Fath are where parents do not need to think about the problem of
education funding. All of the facilities can be free of funds as long as they want to be entrepreneur
and work (especially students in working age).
The issue of concern in the current education process, becomes a serious problem to be overcame
by concrete and complex steps by the Al-Fath boarding school. This is so that students can be given
knowledge relevant to the business world or the working environment. As entrepreneurs, they
must have the courage to start a business and the desire to be willing to work hard. This is one of
the values instilled in students.
Seeing so many business units of the boarding school, it allows students to have more choices in
learning about the business unit that suits their interests. In addition, the diversity of business units
as centers of study and training, can be a source of education that is strong enough to encourage
effectiveness in producing entrepreneurs.
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
Literature Review
It is explained in various literature that since the beginning of the emergence of "management" as a
practice in managing a community that implements a system of trial and error, until the discovery
of scientific management in 1886 by an engineer named Frederick W. Taylor (Ivanevich et al., 2006,
p. 9). In its development, management succeeded in changing the face of the British state as a
developed country marked by the success of the industrial revolution in the periods of 1700 and
1785. Britain succeeded in transforming rural communities into industrial-trade societies. In the
United States, a new industrial era is also developing with many developing manufacturing
industries such as the construction of railroads and others in line with the expansion of the civil
war.
The success of management brought many changes to an organization or country, felt a very large
role so that from then on there were many further studies on management as did Joseph Warton at
the University of Pennsylvania, United States. He examines topics such as strike, business law, the
nature of stocks and bonds, and the principle of cooperation in work.
In line with various successes in the economic field and with many further studies through research
by management experts, in the end the concepts and theories of management are also applied to
manage the field of education. Education as an organization, based on theory of management, is
certainly very relevant and suitable to apply. This is proven by the success of certain institutions,
agencies and even countries that have succeeded in achieving success in the development of human
resources through quality education supported by the application of management science. This
concept of thinking is in accordance with one of the functions of management according to Henri
Fayol, in which according to him "management is a separate knowledge that can be applied in
various types of organizations" (Ivanevich et.al, 2006, p. 10).
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Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal (ASSRJ) Vol.7, Issue 8, August-2020
The aspects managed in the education system according to Hikmat as (cited by Pananrangi)
includes:
a. Performance of employees of educational institutions;
b. Administration of educational activities;
c. Activities of educators, which are their duties and obligations;
d. Curriculum as an educational concept and purpose;
e. Learning systems and teaching and learning methods;
f. Monitoring and supervision of education;
g. Education Evaluation; and Funding the implementation of education in terms of educational
facilities, equipment, facilities and infrastructure (Hikmat as cited in Pananrangi, 2017, p. 6)
The eight aspects above, are activities and fields that are managed based on the application of
management science. In this sense, the success of education management will be largely determined
by the application of management science in it. Another expert who stated the urgency of the
management function in managing educational institutions is Handoko (1999) who stated that "the
success of educational institutions related to management applied, as a universal meaning of art
and science in carrying out the functions of planning, controlling, controlling, personnel, and
professionalism" (Handoko as cited in Pananrangi, 2017, p. 6).
The application of management functions to education is seen as the key to the success of achieving
educational goals. Because with the science of management is related to the management of
education itself. Pananrangi (2017: 9) provides some insights about education management. First,
education management is defined as the management of all the needs of educational institutions
that are carried out effectively and efficiently. Secondly, education management is also defined as
the overall activities undertaken to achieve educational goals. Third, education management is seen
as the whole process of implementing cooperation between two or more people in utilizing a source,
both personal and material, effectively, efficiently, and rationally in order to support the
achievement of educational goals.
Management education as a science, has its own style and peculiarities when compared with other
fields. The difference lies in the operational principles alone, not in general principles. Thus,
understanding general management issues may not necessarily be applied in education
management (Pananrangi, 2017, p. 7).
One area of great concern for national education is the field of entrepreneurship. In accordance with
the direction of national development which is translated in the form of the National Long Term
Education Development Plan (RPPNJP) 2005-2025 which is adjusted to the National Long Term
Development Plan (RPJPN) as outlined in Law Number 17 Year 2007, Indonesia has a big agenda to
develop human resources with international competitiveness. The big agenda in question is the four
themes of education development since 2005-2025 in the RPPNJP. In the 2005-2009 period, the
development of education was themed "Capacity Building and Modernization"; the period 2010-
2014 with the theme "Strengthening of Services"; the theme "Regional Competitiveness" for the
period 2015-2019; and the theme for the 2020-2024 period is "International Competitiveness".
In the Strategic Plan (Renstra) of National Education for 2010-2014, Vocational High Schools (SMK)
as one of the formal education institutions are required to provide entrepreneurial development
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Ruswandi, Y., Gintings, A., & Koswara, N. (2020). Entrepreneurship Education Management To Overcome The Intellectual Unemployment At Dzikir Al-Fath
Sukabumi Islamic Boarding School. Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 7(8) 1-11.
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.78.8769 5
guidance services (Kemendikbud, 2014, p. 1). Likewise, in the Strategic Plan (Renstra) of the
Ministry of Education and Culture in 2015-2020, entrepreneurship is one of the four government
policies in order to utilize the Indonesian demographic bonus. It was clearly stated that in order to
mitigate the use of demographic bonuses, the government "promotes youth entrepreneurship and
character education" (Kemendikbud, 2015, p. 56).
The centrality of the entrepreneurship field in the development of national education make it
becomes the material planned and arranged in the national education curriculum in formal
educational institutions, particularly in Vocational High Schools (hereinafter referred to as SMK).
Entrepreneurship is included as a compulsory subject in the education unit. It also cannot be
separated from the concept of SMK itself as an educational institution that gives birth to graduates
who are capable of Working, Continuing, and Entrepreneurship (or more popularly called BMW).
Not only to the curriculum, entrepreneurship education must also be supported by other education
subsystems, especially in managerial issues. Therefore, the principal as a top leader / top manager
in the education unit, must also have entrepreneurial competence in order to truly have ideas,
creativity, and innovation in realizing graduates who have competence for entrepreneurship.
In the Regulation of Ministry of Education and Culture (Permendikbud) Article 15 Number 6 of 2018
concerning the Assignment of Teachers as Principals, the task includes three things: the main
managerial tasks, entrepreneurship development, and supervision of teachers and education
personnel (paragraph 1). The three main tasks are aimed at developing schools refer to the eight
national education standards (paragraph 2). Another task, the principal is instructed to provide
guidance and carry out learning tasks if the education unit where he is in charge experiences teacher
shortages.
Related Studies
Some relevant previous research results include the following:
1. Thesis, Nur Khamidah "Entrepreneurship Education to Improve Santris’ Life Skills at the
Modern Orphan Islamic Boarding School Foundation and Dhuafa Madania Yogyakarta",
students of the Postgraduate Program, Faculty of Islamic Studies, Islamic University of
Indonesia, Yogyakarta in 2018. Her research resulted in several things, which are, first,
several business units in the Modern Yatim and Dhuafa Islamic Boarding Schools Foundation
as entrepreneurship education include: catering, animal husbandry, fisheries, plantation,
handicraft, and automotive. Second, internal factors of Islamic boarding schools that
encourage forward and smooth entrepreneurship education. Third, some of the implications
of entrepreneurship education to improve the life skills of students at the Yatim Modern
Islamic Boarding School Foundation and Dhuafa Madania Yogyakarta, namely: have Islamic
values contained among others: honest and trustful, creative, dynamic, professional,
cooperation, responsibility, hard work, and persevering and resilient; the concept of a life
skill program that is developed development is a vocational skill that is carried out freely
(https://dspace.uii.ac.id, accessed at 19:00 WIB on March 25, 2019).
2. Journal, Chusnul Chotimah "Entrepreneurship Education in Sidogiri Islamic Boarding School
in Pasuruan", Tulung Agung Islamic High School, 2014. Findings of the research results are,
first, entrepreneurial values internalized in Sidogiri Islamic boarding school are
entrepreneurial values based on worship. Second, entrepreneurship education is carried out
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Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal (ASSRJ) Vol.7, Issue 8, August-2020
by training students to manage economic institutions in Islamic boarding schools under the
supervision and guidance of the kyai and boarding school administrators
(https://www.researchgate.net, accessed at 19.00 WIB on March 25, 2019).
METHODOLOGY
This research uses a qualitative naturalistic approach. The method used is a qualitative method.
Through this method, natural data is revealed at the research location from primary and secondary
informants with the help of data collection techniques. Some techniques used in this study, namely
interviews, observation, and documentation study.
Applications of the data collection techniques above, then compiled several research instruments,
namely: Interview Guidelines (PW), Observation Guidelines (PO), and Documentation Study
Guidelines. This instrument is then arranged into a matrix containing data sources, a list of
questions, answers from data sources, and meanings.
This research was conducted at the Dzikir Al-Fath Islamic Boarding School located in Gunung Puyuh
Subdistrict, Sukabumi City, West Java Province. Data sources or informants from this study
consisted of 3 ustadz (religious teachers/mentors/leaders; 3 alumni of Al-Fath Sukabumi Islamic
Boarding School Dzikir who have become successful entrepreneurs; and 8 students who were
studying at the Islamic boarding school.
Data collected and extracted through the aid of research instruments, then analyzed. The process of
data analysis is carried out in three stages, namely: data reduction, data display, and data conclusion
drawing / verification.
FINDINGS
The education process at the Dzikir Al-Fath Islamic Boarding School is carried out in an integrated
and comprehensive manner and in line with the application of management functions through
entrepreneurship education programs. The integrative education process is realized in two ways.
Firgst, integrating the entrepreneurship education curriculum that exists in formal and non-formal
educational institutions. Second, integrating religious values with entrepreneurial competence.
The formal educational institution that carries out entrepreneurship education is the College of
Management and Computer Science (STMIK) Information and Management System Development
(PASIM), while non-formal education is carried out by the Dzikir Al-Fath Islamic Boarding School,
Sukabumi. The entrepreneurship education curriculum consists of 70% practice and 30% theory.
The practice curriculum is implemented by the Dzikir Al-Fath Islamic Boarding School through
direct practical entrepreneurship activities in a number of business units developed. While the
theoretical curriculum is implemented by STMIK PASIM through special lectures on
entrepreneurship education. Theories about entrepreneurship are packed in basic and
development courses such as Entrepreneurship and marketing management courses.
As a boarding school, of course Dzikir Al-Fath Islamic Boarding School underpins the process of
entrepreneurship education by internalizing religious / spiritual / spiritual values. As the identity
of the Islamic boarding school, the method of dhikr or dzikrullah is one of the distinctive methods
inherent and characteristic of the Al-Fath Islamic Boarding School.