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Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal – Vol.7, No.7
Publication Date: July 25, 2020
DOI:10.14738/assrj.77.8738.
Tome, J. M. S. (2020). Incidence Of Smartphone In The Development Of Brain Plasticity In Children From 0 To 6 Years Old, In A Context
Of High Vulnerability. Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 7(7) 761-767.
Incidence Of Smartphone In The Development Of Brain Plasticity In
Children From 0 To 6 Years Old, In A Context Of High Vulnerability
José Manuel Salum Tome
Doctor en Educación, Miguel Angel,
Ponce López, Licenciado en Kinesiología
ABSTRACT
The research project that presents a complete update for a systematic
review regarding the use of smartphones. The development of cerebral
plasticity in children aged between 0 and 6 years.
This review is composed of three complete categories of content:
Intellectual, attitudinal and behavioral, all definitions are made up of a
certain number of Skills, which are expressed in the various systematic
versions, including gray literature, which will provide the basis and
theoretical foundations and practical ones that allow the deduction of
new investigations
Keywords: Smartphones, brain plasticity, developmen, behavioral skills.
INTRODUCTION
The Research project presented below essentially aims at a systematic review regarding the use of
Smartphone in the development of brain plasticity in children aged between 0 and 6 years.
This review will be made up of three major content categories: Intellectual, Attitudinal and
Behavioral, each of which is made up of a certain number of Skills , which will be expressed
according to the different systematic reviews, including gray literature, which will provide a basis
and theoretical and practical foundations that would allow the deduction of new research.
Once the literature review and different studies in relation to the aforementioned have been
exposed, objectify that the dependence and misuse of the Smartphone in children have a negative
impact on brain neuroplasticity, which ultimately is the product of the foregoing. expressed in
misconduct, low self-esteem, low cognitive level as appropriate to their age and associated skills.
From the results of this quantitative and qualitative (mixed) analysis, we can classify the level of
efficient performance of children according to their age.
As there are no meta-analysis studies that would allow us to reflect a more advanced search with a
higher degree of evidence, the current one is limited to conducting a systematic review study.
This research process allows to facilitate and clarify the myths of parents that the use of the
Smartphone in their children "makes them more intellectual". It is clear that technological
development progresses day by day, with a greater part of the population having access to these
technological means, without measuring the consequences of the neuronal brake that occurs in
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URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.77.8738 762
Tome, J. M. S. (2020). Incidence Of Smartphone In The Development Of Brain Plasticity In Children From 0 To 6 Years Old, In A Context Of High Vulnerability.
Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 7(7) 761-767.
children under 6 years of age in the use of Smartphone cell phones indiscriminately and
Discriminately without perceiving the noxa in children, from a highly vulnerable socio-economic
context.
PROBLEM FORMULATION
In recent years, the entry of these devices into the Chilean market has grown steadily, either at
home or at school, generating notable changes in people's behavior, thus changing lifestyles or their
attitudes, for this reason. For this reason it is important to understand and dimension the true effect
that this technological movement has generated. Smartphones influence people's lifestyles by
changing their pre-established habits, facilitating communication and information in an agile and
practical way. In this way, a technological dependency has been created , transforming traditional
channels into more diversified communication channels.
It has r to an investigation mixed quantitative and qualitative help us to have clearer the influence
on the Smartphone users more real and truthful manner.
The misuse of the Smartphone both at home and in kindergartens and the first educational level in
Chile, has helped to brake the brain plasticity of children from 0 to 6 years of age, a situation that
occurs in highly vulnerable sectors.
The proposal presented in this research project is a formative evaluation that is aimed at improving
the quality of education for young people in a vulnerable social context. The arrival of smartphones
in our daily lives has certainly changed our lives and has undoubtedly changed our neural
development.
The brain is not a fixed and inert matter, but it is a true central unit of the human being. It is highly
plastic, neural connections are developing every day, and brain stimulation triggers the creation of
new neural circuits.
This stimulation allows the traditional learning process, and this has allowed human beings to adapt
and evolve. Being powerful digital tools stimulators participate, like other elements, in the
modification of our brain.
By 2018, estimates predict that a third of the world's population will have a smartphone. This
represents at least 2.6 million users worldwide. And for many, the mobile phone has become an
indispensable everyday object. To communicate, exchange with others, but also to follow the news
or even have fun. On average, users spend at least 4.7 hours a day on their smartphones.
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
The World Health Organization (1982) defines the term neuroplasticity as the ability of cells of the
nervous system to regenerate anatomically and functionally, after being subject to pathological
environmental or developmental influences, including trauma and disease.
Other authors indicate that neuroplasticity is the potential of the nervous system to modify itself to
form nerve connections in response to new information, sensory stimulation, development,
dysfunction, or damage. In general, neuroplasticity is usually associated with learning that takes
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place in childhood, but its definitions go further and have a historical history. There are various
biochemical and physiological components behind a neuroplasticity process and this leads to
different chemical, genomic and proteomic biomolecular reactions that require intra and extra
neuronal actions to generate a neuronal response.
The nervous system has extraordinary properties with dynamic modification capacity, a "never- finished product" resulting from the interaction between genetic and environmental
factors. Neuroplasticity encompasses all the properties of the brain related to constant changes in
its structure and is applied to a large number of phenomena such as neurogenesis in adults, the
reorganization of cortical maps or the synaptic changes associated with memory and habits. For a
change to be a manifestation of functional plasticity, it must express an active process of adaptation
to the requirements of the environment. In turn Active processes must involve changes in any of
these mechanisms: number of synapses, efficacy of synapses and intrinsic neuronal characteristics.
There are cellular and molecular mechanisms of neuroplasticity phenomena, which are organized
around growth plasticity: axonal regeneration, collateralization, synaptogenesis, neurogenesis, and
functional plasticity that indicates changes in the efficiency of synaptic transmission.
Scientists from the University of Zurich (Switzerland) and Freiburg (Germany) in a study published
in the journal Current Biology in December 2014, given the recent obsession with smart phones
decided to explore the plasticity of the brain in everyday situations and analyze how the use of the
fingers in the handling of cell phones with a touch screen molds it, producing greater brain
activity.
Each region of the body has a specific area in the emotional center of the brain, where its
information is processed, which is flexible and can change.
The researchers studied activation of the sensory-motor cortex, which is activated by finger
movement. To do this, they performed electroencephalograms that measured the activity of the
cortical regions of the brain in 37 right-handed people, 26 of whom were users of touchscreen
smartphones and 11 of cell phones with traditional keyboards.
Thanks to the electroencephalogram, they recorded the brain response when smartphone users
touched the screen with their thumb, index and middle fingers to be able to then compare it with
that of people who continue to use old traditional keyboard mobiles.
The results suggest that repetitive movements on the surface of touch screens reorganize sensory
processing of the hand, with daily updates of brain representations of the fingertips.
The scientists concluded that electrical activity in the brains of smartphone users was increased by
touching the tips of the thumb, index and middle fingers.
They also revealed that the use of touchscreens changes the way the thumbs and brain work
together and that the amount of brain cortex activity associated with the thumb and forefinger was
directly proportional to the amount of time the smart device. The sensory processing of the cortex
in our brain is continually reshaped by personal digital technology. The use of Smartphone is the
ideal tool to study the daily plasticity of the human brain.