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Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal – Vol. 11, No. 2.2
Publication Date: February 25, 2024
DOI:10.14738/assrj.112.2.16412.
Ali, S. Z. S., Nasir, N. F. M., Rosli, N. A., Hashim, M. F., & Sharkawi, S. (2024). Behavioural Intention of Dentists in Using Industrial
Revolution 5.0 Technology in Dental Services: A Qualitative Study in Klang Valley, Malaysia. Advances in Social Sciences Research
Journal, 11(2.2). 212-227.
Services for Science and Education – United Kingdom
Behavioural Intention of Dentists in Using Industrial Revolution
5.0 Technology in Dental Services: A Qualitative Study in Klang
Valley, Malaysia
Siti Zaffira Sheik Ali
iamzaraali@gmail.com
Health AZ Sdn Bhd, Malaysia
Nurul Farhana Mohd Nasir
nurulfarhanamohdnasirhashim@gmail.com
Arshad Ayub Graduate Business School,
Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Malaysia
Nurul Athira Rosli
nurulathirabintirosli@gmail.com
Tricor Shared Services Sdn Bhd, Malaysia
Muhammad Faqih Hashim
faqih.phd@gmail.com
BX Group Sdn Bhd, Malaysia
Sharizan Sharkawi
*Corresponding author: sharizan_sharkawi@uitm.edu.my
Arshad Ayub Graduate Business School,
Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Malaysia
ABSTRACT
The adoption of Industrial Revolution 5.0 (IR 5.0) technology has been a significant
development in the dental industry, promising to improve patient outcomes,
streamline workflows, and enhance the overall quality of dental services. However,
the uptake of this technology among dentists has been slow. This paper aims to
explore the behaviour intention of dentists in using IR 5.0 technology in their dental
services, by examining the factors that influence their decision making. Semi- structured interviews were conducted with 5 dentists working in the private dental
clinics in Klang Valley, Malaysia. The findings suggest that the dentists' intention to
adopt the technology is driven by internal factors such as performance expectancy,
financial, effort expectancy, sentiments; and external factors such as facilitating
conditions and social influence. The results highlight the need to address the
barriers and concerns associated with adopting new technologies in the dental
industry.
Keywords: Industrial Revolution 5.0, dentist, behaviour intention, Malaysia
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213
Ali, S. Z. S., Nasir, N. F. M., Rosli, N. A., Hashim, M. F., & Sharkawi, S. (2024). Behavioural Intention of Dentists in Using Industrial Revolution 5.0
Technology in Dental Services: A Qualitative Study in Klang Valley, Malaysia. Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 11(2.2). 212-227.
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.112.2.16412
INTRODUCTION
Technology is vital in many aspects of our life, and it has enabled businesses to expand more
effectively. The business world is becoming increasingly entangled in continual technological
growth [1]. Industry 5.0 is a phenomenon in which the real and virtual worlds have integrated
as cyber-physical systems. Industry 5.0 refers to well-known concepts such as smart industry,
automation, cloud computing, the Internet of Things (IOT), big data and artificial intelligence
[2]. All of this integrates new technological concepts to improve the performance, quality,
controllability, and transparency of processes in businesses while addressing current
challenges [3].
While Industry 4.0 (IR4.0) has been centered on automation and digitization, enhancing
efficiency and productivity through smart manufacturing, Industry 5.0 (IR5.0) builds upon this
foundation with a renewed emphasis on the collaboration between humans and machines.
IR5.0 seeks to address some of the shortcomings of IR4.0, such as the potential displacement of
workers and the dehumanization of work, by fostering a more human-centric approach to
technological advancement [45]. IR5.0 is characterized by its focus on personalization and
sustainability, aiming to create systems where humans and machines work together
synergistically. This collaboration is designed to leverage the strengths of both machines'
precision and efficiency with humans' creativity and problem-solving abilities—to achieve
more personalized and sustainable production outcomes [46]. The introduction of new
technologies promises to enhance the quality of dental services, improve patient outcomes, and
streamline workflows. However, the dental industry has traditionally been slow to adopt new
technologies, but in recent years there has been a significant shift toward digital tools and
processes. This trend is known as digital disruption. One of the key drivers of digital disruption
in the dental industry is technology's increasing availability and affordability. From a study on
digital technologies used by dentists at Netherlands; there was only average technology use
among dentists and it also differs in the degree of use Therefore, the adoption of these
technologies among dentists has been slow, and many practitioners still rely on traditional
methods [4].
The successful implementation of these technological advancements in dental services could
have significant benefits, such as improved patient care, increased efficiency and productivity,
and reduced healthcare costs [5]. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the factors that
influence the adoption of these technologies, such as dentists' behavior intention towards their
usage. By studying the behavior intention of dentists in using industrial revolution
technologies, we can identify the factors that promote or hinder their adoption. This
information can be used to design strategies that encourage their use and inform policy
decisions that support the integration of these technologies in the dental industry. Ultimately,
this research can lead to more efficient and effective delivery of dental services and contribute
to better oral health outcomes for patients.
LITERATURE REVIEW
The Industrial Revolution 5.0, also known as IR5.0 builds upon the advancements of Industry
4.0 by focusing on human-centric solutions and incorporating human, environmental and social
aspects into the technological landscape [6]. IR5.0 is a transformative phase in the
manufacturing sector that aims to create a more balanced and harmonious relationship
between humans and machines. It is characterized by a shift towards asset optimization, where
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Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal (ASSRJ) Vol. 11, Issue 2.2, February-2024
Services for Science and Education – United Kingdom
assets are continuously monitored and analyzed in real time to identify potential issues before
they occur, thereby minimizing downtime and maximizing asset performance [7].
Technologies in dental services which include artificial intelligence (AI), dental digital scanners,
3D printing, virtual reality, robotics and big data are crucial in improving treatment quality,
reduce treatment delay time and enhance the overall patient experience [8], [9], [10]. The
application of Industrial Revolution 5.0 (IR5.0) technologies in the dental industry, while still
in its early stages, has already shown promising results. One notable example is the use of
robotics in dental implant procedures. In 2017, a robot named Yomi performed the world's first
fully automated dental implant surgery in China. This groundbreaking procedure involved the
robot fitting two new teeth into a woman's mouth, marking a significant milestone in the
integration of IR5.0 technologies into dental services [47]
The integration of IR5.0 technologies like Yomi into the dental industry is a testament to the
potential of these advanced technologies to enhance dental services. They not only improve the
precision and safety of procedures but also pave the way for more personalized and efficient
dental care. As such, understanding and embracing IR5.0 in the dental context is crucial for the
continued advancement of the field.
However, research in this field has been limited, particularly in the context IR5.0. The study
field for Industry 4.0 is now mostly examined from a technical viewpoint in the literature. Only
a small number of papers, most of which focus on only one component of sustainability rather
than the Triple Bottom Line as a whole, address sustainability [11]. According to prior research
by Sheba et al. that was carried related to predoctoral students' desire to adopt dental
technology in future practices.
Moreover, there are also challenges associated with the implementation of IR5.0 technologies
in dental services which are high costs, training and education, and resistance to change (4),
(5)(6). While IR5.0 presents significant opportunities for the advancement of dental services,
these challenges need to be addressed to ensure successful implementation and adoption of
these technologies.
The UTAUT model has been widely applied and validated in various healthcare studies,
demonstrating its effectiveness in predicting the acceptance of technologies such as
telemedicine, e-health, and mobile health services [48][49][50]. Studies have shown the
effectiveness of UTAUT in predicting technology acceptance in sectors like healthcare due to its
comprehensive nature and ability to explain a significant portion of the variance in technology
use intentions and behavior [12], [13], [14]. The model identifies four core determinants:
performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, and facilitating conditions, along
with four moderating variables: gender, age, experience, and voluntariness of use [15].
Meanwhile, In Malaysia there is limited study on acceptance of IR 4.0. One of the studies of the
acceptance of IR4.0 was conducted [16] whereby Industry 4.0 would affect the workforce and
skill development of computer engineering inside (MNCs) and (SMEs) and the outcome
indicated acceptance of IR4.0 are based on adaptability, soft skills, software engineering, data
analytics.