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Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal – Vol. 11, No. 2
Publication Date: February 25, 2024
DOI:10.14738/assrj.112.16352.
Nada, A. M. H., Ghrab, H., Dabeek, Q. A., & Abderrahman, A. B. (2024). The Role of Palestinian Olympic Committee in Crises
Management According to Individual Sport Unions During Corona Pandemic. Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 11(2).
01-13.
Services for Science and Education – United Kingdom
The Role of Palestinian Olympic Committee in Crises
Management According to Individual Sport Unions
During Corona Pandemic
Ala' Majed Huseen Nada
Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Ksar-Said,
University of Manouba, Tunisia
Hatem Ghrab
Higher Institute of Education and Continuing Education (ISEFC),
University of Tunis, Tunisia
Qasem Assad Dabeek
High Institute for Physical Education and Health Science at
Manweiah University, Al-Saeed Palace, Tunisia
Abderraouf Ben Abderrahman
Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Ksar-Said, University of
Manouba, Tunisia, and Tunisian Research Laboratory “Sports Performance
Optimization”, National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS)
LR09SEP01, Tunis, Tunisia
ABSTRACT
This study aimed to identify the role of the Palestinian Olympic Committee in
managing crises from the point of view of individual sports federations in light of
the Corona pandemic, as well as to identify the differences in the role of the
Palestinian Olympic Committee in managing crises from the point of view of
individual sports federations in light of the Corona pandemic, according to
variables (gender, characteristic Management, academic qualification, years of
experience). The descriptive analytical method was used in one of the forms of the
survey study due to its suitability for the purposes of the study. The study sample
consisted of (90) administrative members of sports federations, selected by a
random-stratified method. The questionnaire was also used as a tool for the study.
The results of the study showed that the total degree of the role of the Palestinian
Olympic Committee in crisis management from the point of view of sports
federations was moderate with an average of (2.99),The results also showed that
there are no statistically significant differences at the significance level (α ≤ 0.05)
in the role of the Palestinian Olympic Committee in crisis management from the
point of view of individual sports federations, in the total degree ,before the crisis
occurred and during the crisis) due to For the gender . On the other hand,
differences were statistically significant in (after the crisis occurred) due to gender
and in favor of females. The results showed that there were no statistically
significant differences due to characteristic Management, academic qualification,
years of experience variables.
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Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal (ASSRJ) Vol. 11, Issue 2, February-2024
Services for Science and Education – United Kingdom
Keywords: Palestinian Olympic Committee, Crisis, Crisis Management, Sports
Administration, Sports Federations, Corona Pandemic.
INTRODUCTION
According to Al Eid, & Arnout (2020), the world is not devoid of crises, as intentional and
unintended crises may occur at any time and in any place, leading to numerous losses and
damages to the individual and society in many aspects, including the social, political, economic,
cultural, educational, health and administrative aspects, as well as the exposure of different
societies. Or organizations or individuals, crises constantly threaten development, whether in
its material or human aspects. Unconventional and unexpected crises create uncertainty,
threaten the organization's priorities, and can cause financial losses and damage its reputation.
Ramey, (2020) stated that over the past few years, the methods used to identify and deal with
crises have changed. They pose enormous challenges because they are not only used to focus
on problems, but also to collectively consider all aspects of the problem at the right time. The
impact of the crisis may differ between different organizations. However, the term is not very
important, rather it is important that any general strategy developed by the organization is
comprehensively and frequently reviewed in operational matters and plans and addressed
properly.
AbdElaal, &, Al Shobaki (2021) related crisis in organizations to sudden changes in the internal
and external environment of the organization without any expectation, so it was necessary to
find ways and methods to address them, which was called the term (crisis management).
Dealing with these crises requires a special type of manager who is distinguished by many
skills, including courage, stability, balance, the ability to think creatively, the ability to
communicate and dialogue, and devise strategies and techniques to deal with the crisis. On the
same token, Malpass (2022) believes that the emergence of crises is characterized by surprise,
as they are not expected, and threat, as they threaten the work of the institution, as well as time,
as there is not enough time to solve them. Coccia (2020(said that some crises can be predicted
and solved, unexpected crises, as well as crises of limited impact, complex crises, and also crises
caused by man himself, nature, or other influences. According to Al‐Dabbagh (2020), cisis
management aims to predict potential threats to the crisis, protect workers and property, and
benefit from the crisis in achieving reforms and knowing the reasons for the occurrence of the
crisis. Preventing a crisis may be the first stage of the crisis management method. This requires
the work leader not to consider himself controlling the destinies of everyone, including
administrators, referees, coaches, players, and also the public. Therefore, he must recognize the
problems facing the administration or the bodies he leads and choose the right time to find
solutions for it (Dwinarko, 2022).
According to Halle (2021), many athletes in the Corona era have had to reschedule their
training plans to maintain their condition while at home due to the postponement of many
large-scale sporting events, as health management has become one of the crucial issues that
must be prepared in detail. In addition to the risk of athletes being exposed to infection, which
created many challenges for sports organizations and athletes to make difficult decisions about
continuing training and competition in light of the spread of the virus (Pena, et al, 2020(.
The global spread of the Coronavirus forced governing bodies to close businesses to avoid
social gatherings in early 2020, and elite sports tournaments and major international sporting
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Nada, A. M. H., Ghrab, H., Dabeek, Q. A., & Abderrahman, A. B. (2024). The Role of Palestinian Olympic Committee in Crises Management According
to Individual Sport Unions During Corona Pandemic. Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 11(2). 01-13.
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.112.16352
events were suspended or postponed as part of this response around the world, while the
spread of the virus itself caused many. Risks related to the potential health disability of an
injured athlete who returns to play, as it directly affects the physical, social and psychological
aspects of training during the pandemic (Hammami, 2020).
Through the work of the researcher in the Palestinian Table Tennis Federation and his interest
and awareness of the importance of scientific research in alleviating these crises in the sports
field in general, and in light of the successive and successive crises facing sports federations
and their association with the Palestinian Olympic Committee as it is the official umbrella for
sports federations (such as financial, administrative, technical and other crises), and after
reviewing many studies and research in the field of sports crisis management, which prompted
the researcher to conduct this study (the role of the Palestinian Olympic Committee in crisis
management from the point of view of individual sports federations in light of the Corona
pandemic) to find appropriate scientific ways and methods that help in alleviating the severity
of these crises to improve. At the sports level, the Palestinian Olympic Committee. The study is
also considered one of the first studies on crisis management in the Palestinian Olympic
Committee, which will help the Olympic Committee’s ability to manage crises in the future.
Questions of the Study
The study tried to answer the following questions:
1. What is the role of the Palestinian Olympic Committee in crisis management from the
point of view of individual sports federations in light of the Corona pandemic?
2. What is the role of the Palestinian Olympic Committee in crisis management from the
point of view of individual sports federations due to gender?
3. What is the role of the Palestinian Olympic Committee in crisis management from the
point of view of individual sports federations due to characteristic Management?
4. What is the role of the Palestinian Olympic Committee in crisis management from the
point of view of individual sports federations due to academic qualification?
5. What is the role of the Palestinian Olympic Committee in crisis management from the
point of view of individual sports federations due to years of experience?
Objectives of the Study
The objectives of the study are:
1. Clarifying the role of the Palestinian Olympic Committee in crisis management from the
point of view of individual sports federations in light of the Corona pandemic.
2. Clarifying the effects of gender, characteristic Management, academic qualification,
years of experience on the Palestinian Olympic Committee in crisis management from
the point of view of individual sports federations in light of the Corona pandemic.
Limitations of the Study
• Human limits: The study has been conducted on a sample of (30) individual sports
federations affiliated with the Palestinian Olympic Committee.
• Space limits: Individual sports federations in Palestine, where an on- line questionnaire
was administrated to them.
• Time limits: The questionnaire was distributed and responses were gathered during
the period between 7/28/2022 and 8/28/2022.
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Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal (ASSRJ) Vol. 11, Issue 2, February-2024
Services for Science and Education – United Kingdom
PREVIOUS STUDIES
Mohammed and Al-Jaradi (2019) conducted a study which aimed to identify the reality of
crisis management in Yemeni sports institutions. Descriptive approach, on a sample of (144)
individuals has been used. A questionnaire as a tool for collecting data, which included three
axes (before the crisis, during the occurrence of the crisis, and the post-crisis axis) has been
used. The study concluded that crises are managed in Yemeni sports institutions to a moderate
degree at all stages, and that those with high academic qualifications are more capable The
study recommended the need to establish specialized units for sports crisis management in
Yemeni sports institutions in addition to hold training courses for employees of the Olympic
Committee, the Ministry of Youth and Sports, and sports federations to help them perform their
jobs in light of the continuous and rapid changes in management sciences.
In the same line, Al-Jawadi (2019) conducted a study aimed at identifying whether the
proposed media plan helps sports newspapers in managing sports crises in Algeria. The
researcher used the descriptive approach on the entire study population, which numbered (40)
professors, including those who obtained a doctorate degree in science. In the Department of
Media and Communication and the Department of Media and Sports Communication, I also
used the questionnaire as a tool for collecting data, which included three axes (before the crisis,
during the crisis, and the post-crisis axis). The study concluded that a leader (director, editor- in-chief) must be appointed distinguished by experience and leadership. Preparing and
qualifying human cadres by renewing knowledge, ensuring the credibility of information,
preparing and reviewing journalistic arts before publication, and adhering to the commitment
of those supervising crisis management to the ethics of the journalistic profession. It
recommended holding periodic training courses in the legal aspect and the specialized aspect
related to crisis management.
Amal (2017) conducted a study aimed at studying the strategy for managing sports crises in
the Sudanese Football Association, by identifying the levels of crises facing sports, identifying
the causes of the crises facing the Sudanese Football Association, and identifying the solutions
or proposed steps for crisis management according to the variables of the study. (Gender, age,
position, academic qualification, years of experience). Descriptive approach Has been used, the
research community consisted of (administrators, coaches, internationals, and experts in the
field of sports). The research sample included some administrators, coaches, and
internationals, and it was chosen randomly, and its number reached (50) individuals. The
questionnaire was used as a tool for collecting data, and the most important results were
summarized in that the crisis of the federation Sudanese football is considered a local crisis,
and the researcher recommended holding elections according to the regulations of the law.
METHOD AND PROCEDURES
Sampling, Instrumentation and Procedure
The sample consisted of (90) individuals out of the study community of (45) individual sports
federations emanating from the Palestine Olympic Committee and registered in the records of
the Palestine Olympic Committee. The study sample was chosen by random method. The
returned questionnaires were 90 which consisted the study sample and were 66.7% of the
study community. The background of these workers was varied in terms of gender,
administrative characteristic, qualification, years of experience as shown in Table (1) below.
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Nada, A. M. H., Ghrab, H., Dabeek, Q. A., & Abderrahman, A. B. (2024). The Role of Palestinian Olympic Committee in Crises Management According
to Individual Sport Unions During Corona Pandemic. Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 11(2). 01-13.
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.112.16352
Table (1): Distribution of Sample According to Study Independent Variables
Variable Class Frequency Percentage %
Gender Male 76 84.4
Female 14 15.6
Total 90 100.0
Administrative
Characteristic
Union president or deputy 30 33.3
Member 30 33.3
Secretary General 30 33.3
Total 90 100.0
Qualification B.A and less 54 60
High studies 36 40
Total 90 100.0
Total 83 100.0
Experience Less than 5 years 18 20
5-10 years 39 43.3
10 years and more 33 36.7
Total 83 100.0
Instrumentation
To achieve the objectives of the study, the researchers used a 36-item questionnaire by using
literature review and previous studies The questionnaire consisted of two sections; the first
focused on demographic profile such as gender, administrative characteristic, qualification,
years of experience whereas the second consisted of 36 items. The scores of responses to each
item were calculated according to a five-point Likert scale, in which very high =5 points, high=4
points, moderate = 3, low = 2 points and very low = 1 point.
Validity of the Questionnaire
To ensure the validity of the questionnaire, it was rated by a jury of experts in the field of sport
education at the Palestinian universities. The questionnaire, then, was piloted on 30
administrators with similar level of proficiency. The purpose of the pilot study was to
determine whether the questions were comprehensible and can be interpreted by the workers
as they are intended measure. The workers who were involved in the pilot study were excluded
from the actual research. The respondents’ comments and the jury's suggestions were taken
into consideration to modify and improve the questionnaire's content and wordings by
omitting, adding or rephrasing items bringing the number of items 30. Pearson correlation
coefficient values between the items and the total score was calculated and was ranged
between (0.62-0.86) which all were significant at (α≤ 0.01) level, and thus the tool measures
what it was designed to measure.
Reliability of the Questionnaire
The reliability of the questionnaire as calculated through Cornbach Alpha formula were for the
areas of crisis management before, during and after the crisis occurred, respectively (0.87, 0.92,
0.88), and for the total degree (0.95) which are acceptable for the purpose of the study.
Procedure
The final draft of the questionnaire was distributed to the study sample. It took about three
weeks for the instrument to be distributed, collected, and returned to the researchers. The total