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Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal – Vol. 9, No. 9
Publication Date: September 25, 2022
DOI:10.14738/assrj.99.12866. Ashik, S. A. I., Afroje, S., & Hossain, N. (2022). Absolute Globalization: The Way to Confront the Global Challenges. Advances in
Social Sciences Research Journal, 9(9). 379-387.
Services for Science and Education – United Kingdom
Absolute Globalization: The Way to Confront the Global
Challenges
Syod Ahsanul Islam Ashik
Dept. of International Relation, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia
Sahariya Afroje
Dept. of International Relation, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia
Nazmul Hossain
Dept. of International Business, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia
ABSTRACT
The world is currently confronted with multidimensional challenges which are
cause of concern for the earth’s all living creations. The most remarkable challenges
are global warming and global climate changes, tremendous poverty, environment
pollution, warfare, antibiotic resistance, migration problems, and the spread of
contagious and deadly diseases etc. The adverse effects of these are very
devastating. They will affect hydrology and biology of earth, everything including
economy, eco-system, and the substances. The challenging factors are
interconnected, and acceleration and minimization are interlinked. The study is to
analysis the challenges the world is currently confronting with and their potential
impacts, the reasons behind the challenges and the potential way to overcome the
challenges. The study is based on secondary sources of data and information
including scientific and academic journals, scholar articles, research papers, books,
and other relevant sources to make a deep analysis, interpretation and re- interpretation and describe and explain the issue of this proposed study. The study
recommends ‘Absolute Globalization’, an absolute integration of global economic,
education, political, and social institutions where regionalism will be the
cornerstone of the integration, as the way to confront the challenges.
Keywords: Global Challenges; Adverse Impacts; Absolute Globalization; Global Integrity;
Regionalism.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The study is 2 phases. The first stage is the diagnosis of the problems, and the second stage is
finding the solutions of the problem. The study is based on secondary sources of data and
information including scientific and academic journals, scholar articles, research papers, books,
and other relevant sources to make a deep analysis, interpretation and re-interpretation, and
describe and explain the issue of this proposed study. The study also included the qualitative
and quantitative methods to understand the global challenges and their adverse impacts on
socio-economic and environment spheres on earth. Some rudimentary aspects of quantitative
tool, like economics data, are also used in the study.
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Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal (ASSRJ) Vol. 9, Issue 9, September-2022
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INTRODUCTION
We are in ever-changing and ever-competitive global arena and the world is currently
confronted with multidimensional challenges. The most remarkable of them are, global
warming and global climate changes, global poverty, high rate of unemployment, environment
pollution, warfare, antibiotic resistance, migration problems, natural disasters, ecosystem
destruction, ozone depletion and the spread of contagious and deadly diseases. The challenges
have been arisen from human activities and we human being are accountable for this. The
impact of the challenging factors is extensively wide range and devastative. The effects span the
impacts on physical environment, ecosystems and human societies (NASA 2016). Draught,
heavy rainfall, very devasting floods, more frequent cyclones and various natural calamities,
mass poverty, water and food crisis, mass displacement and climate migration, collapse of
ecosystem are the ultimate consequences (COP 2021). Some of the events are already on earth
and creating devastation consequences on earth. Now it’s time to confront the challenges before
going beyond control.
The future impacts of climate change depend on how much nations reduce GHG emission and
adapt to climate change (Oppenheimer, M., et al. 2019). The logical and effective application of
proportional power and tactical strategies are also needed to address the global challenges
(Greenpeace 2021).
But the present world is fragile and divided into many blocks. In tackling global challenges, the
poor countries are less capable, in some cases completely incapable, than the rich nations. E.g.,
the developed world is thinking, planning, and applying green economy, green technology as
well as renewable alternative sources of energy to reduce greenhouse gas emissions while the
developing and least developed countries have neither the technology nor the resources
regarding these. As a result, the entire effort is going in vain.
Collective and comprehensive efforts are mandatory to save the green planet and keep it
remain inhabitable.
Absolute globalization, an absolute integrity of global economic, political, technological and
methodological approaches, is the only way to confront the challenges and the regionalism will
be a cornerstone and building blocks of the absolute globalization.
GLOBAL CHALLENGES AND THEIR IMPACTS
Global warming and its impacts
Global warming is the most discussed global issues and cause of concern for earth’s all living
creation. Since the pre-industrial period, Earth’s global average temperature increased by
about 1°C. According to the NASA (2000), since 1991 the global average temperature has been
rising by 0.2°C every year. If this trend continues, then the global average temperature will rise
by 2.4 to 4.6°C by 2050, which is a matter of great concern for earth's all living creatures. It will
affect hydrology and biology on earth, everything including economy, ecosystem, and the
substances.
Various adverse climate events including, heatwave and wildfires, draught, heavy rainfall,
devasting floods, frequent cyclones and various natural calamities are the ultimate aftermaths
(COP 2021), will be cause of massive loss of lives and resources.
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Ashik, S. A. I., Afroje, S., & Hossain, N. (2022). Absolute Globalization: The Way to Confront the Global Challenges. Advances in Social Sciences
Research Journal, 9(9). 379-387.
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.99.12866
According to IPCC (2011), a third of the total global land will be submerged due to rising the
sea level by 2.5 mm by 2050 from melting the ice of north pole, resulting a mass displacement
and climate migration, mass poverty, destruction of ecosystem and ecological balance and lose
of many species. According to WWF (2001), ‘‘a 2.5 mm sea rise is the cause of massive land
losses the world is currently heading to be occurred by 2050”.
Table1: Shows the Growing Number of Natural Calamities
No. Segments 2010 2020
1 Cyclone 119 141
2 Floods 182 201
3 Volcano 77 83
4 Wildfire 43,799 58,258
Becker, Emily (September 10, 2021).
An increase in ground level temperature will reduce food grain production by 10% by 2050
when growing number of populations, projected to be 9 billion, will increase demand for food
at a significant level. Moreover, many surface water sources will be dried up and underground
water level (layer) will deepen to pump water, resulting a severe food and water crisis
(Rosenzweig, C., et al. (2007). Some of the events are already on earth and creating heavy
consequences on earth.
Global pollution and its impacts
Environment pollution is a growing concern, and its level is growing rapidly globally. Pollution
including air, water and land, is being cause of various fatal and incurable diseases not only for
human beings rather for all living substances.
Plastic pollution, which has been spread from land to sea is one of the biggest threats the world
is facing today. Plastic is not perishable which is on one hand reducing the fertility of arable
land and on the other hand is being responsible for sea and environmental pollution. Plastic
fibers eaten by marine lives are ended up to the stomachs of humans and other animals, is being
cause of various complex and incurable diseases that is the greatest threat at the entire
ecosystem.
Chemical, hospital, thermal, zoogenic, and sulfuric pollution are also remarkable threat at
earth’s all leaving creations.
Table 2: Shows the Growing amount of Plastic pollution from 2010-2020
Year Amount of plastic waste (million tons)
2010 310
2015 353
2020 400
Source: OECD Global Plastics Outlook Database
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Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal (ASSRJ) Vol. 9, Issue 9, September-2022
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A 2019 paper published in the journal of Environmental Science and Technology of USA,
revealed that the level of anthropogenic chemical pollution have exceeded planetary
boundaries and now threaten the entire ecosystems around the world.
Adverse air quality is killing many organisms, including humans. Ozone pollution is being
cause of respiratory disease, cardiovascular disease, throat inflammation, chest pain and
congestion. Water pollution is being causes of approximately 14,000 deaths per day, mostly due
to contamination of drinking water by untreated sewage in developing countries.
An empirical study conducted by the Lancet Commission on Pollution and Health found that
global pollution, specifically toxic air, water, soils and workplaces, kills 9 million people
annually, which is triple the number of deaths caused by AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria
combined, and 15 times higher than deaths caused by wars and other forms of human violence.
The study concluded that "pollution is one of the great existential challenges of
the Anthropocene era. Pollution endangers the stability of the Earth’s support systems and
threatens the continuing survival of human societies."
So, the pollution is a growing threat the world is confronting, and its level is growing. The
impacts would be deadly if it is not solved proper time in proper way.
Global Poverty and illiteracy
Poverty, illiteracy, and unemployment are very remarkable challenges the world is currently
confronted with, mostly the developing and list developed part of the world. Despite the
progress made in reducing poverty, 767 million people still live on less than $1.90/ day globally.
Table 3: Global poverty Rate 2010-2020
Year (% of total population)
2010 15.7
2015 10.1
2020 9.4
Source: World Bank 2021
A World Survey of 2019 found that more than 350 million children are out of school. Of
them130 million are girls. More than 150 million children are engaged in child labor, of
them15% engaged in hazardous works (World Bank 2019).
A third of the total deaths around the world—some 18 million people/year or 50,000/day—
are due to poverty-related causes. People living in developing nations, among them women and
children, are overrepresented among the global poor and these effects the severe poverty.
Hunger and malnutrition are the single gravest threats to the world's public health and
malnutrition is by far the biggest contributor to child mortality, present in half of all cases (WTO
2019).
Almost 90% of maternal deaths during childbirth occur in Asia and sub-Saharan Africa,
compared to less than 1% in the developed world (The Economist 2020). Those who live in
poverty have also been shown to have a far greater likelihood of having or incurring
a disability within their lifetime (BBC 23 April 2020).