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Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal – Vol. 8, No. 11
Publication Date: November 25, 2021
DOI:10.14738/assrj.811.11185. Tome, J. M. S. (2021). Early Stimulation Influences the Development of a Child Between 0 and 3 Years of Age, in a Vulnerable Social
Structure. Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 8(11). 178-185.
Services for Science and Education – United Kingdom
Early Stimulation Influences the Development of a Child Between
0 and 3 Years of Age, in a Vulnerable Social Structure
José Manuel Salum Tomé, PhD
Doctor of Education
Catholic University of Temuco
ABSTRACT
The presence of Special Educational Needs (SEN) in students inserted in the school
system has been a theme in which many areas of knowledge have tried to
investigate. The psychological theory suggests that newborns begin their
development starting from a similar basis, and that the different types of
stimulation and the brain's ability to adapt to different episodes can be a
determining factor in the development of skills and abilities. It is also considered
that the family environment is the closest circle and with which the infants have the
most contact in this period, therefore, the impact that the stimulation delivered by
these people has on the adequate development of the cognitive, psychomotor and
of a child's language, could be related to the presence of SEN and its subsequent
consequences in the pedagogical and psychopedagogical areas when they enter the
school system. The present work aims to identify stimulation styles to favor the
integral development of children up to three years of age.
Keywords: Special Educational Needs, stimulation, development.
BACKGROUND
The study context is a population with a high concentration of vulnerability. Rural and urban
sector. The socio-affective, psychomotor and language stimulation provided by a family in a
vulnerable socioeconomic context affects the development of a child between zero and three
years of age, which is reflected in the presence of Special Educational Needs (SEN) when enter
the school system.
According to the data provided by the Ministry of Education, over time, the detection of SEN in
the Chilean school system has increased, which is reflected in the increase and use of various
resources (human, economic and pedagogical) to respond to this need. If it is stated that the
stimulation given by the family in the first years of life affects the presence of SEN, it can be
established that strengthening this stimulation will decrease the number of students with SEN.
Identify levels of stimulation delivered by families between zero and three years of age of the
students of the Monseñor Guillermo Hartl Educational Complex and its relationship with the
presence of SEN.
Show the factors that influence the learning difficulties of boys and girls, from the earliest stages
of development.
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Tome, J. M. S. (2021). Early Stimulation Influences the Development of a Child Between 0 and 3 Years of Age, in a Vulnerable Social Structure.
Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 8(11). 178-185.
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.811.11185
Theoretical framework
The factors to be investigated are the following:
- Prenatal stimulation
- Early stimulation
- Inadequate attachment bond
- Quality of early childhood education
Prenatal stimulation is a process that promotes greater learning capacity in babies in the
womb. According to the World Association of Early Childhood Educators, they state that during
the second half of pregnancy, fetuses are able to see, hear, taste, smell, feel and experience
movements. The eyes, ears, nose, tongue, and mainly the skin, perceive the sensations and
provoke certain actions. Today it is known that the baby can be stimulated before birth, the idea
of prenatal stimulation is not new. Since the study of laboratory animals began in the 1960s,
considerable progress has been made and the mechanisms involved are now better understood.
The moment in a person's life when their brain is fully developing coincides with the second
half of their gestation. Stimulating it correctly at that time would be a great advantage in its
future, since it would allow to act on the formation of its neural
structure. ( http://www.crianzanatural.com/art/art36.html ).
Thus, it is known that from the third month of gestation its senses are already formed, and the
fetus perceives the information through all its senses; he is able to react to this information and
memorize it. It is also known that babies in the womb are sociable and communicative beings,
that they feel love or rejection of their mother, that they feel pleasure and pain, that the stress
of their mothers affects them - not only emotionally, but even interferes in the formation of
their organs - they have a certain degree of consciousness.
These discoveries are already showing us that during the prenatal period the human being
builds the first bases of his health, of his affectivity, of his relational capacities (of his capacity
to love), of his Cognitive faculties " http: // www .slideshare.net / elizzzabeth / prenatal
stimulation ”.
Benefits of prenatal stimulation
From the womb, the baby feels and perceives pleasant sounds such as music, along with
caresses, affection or negative sensations that the mother experiences throughout her
pregnancy.
Research indicates that prenatal stimulation has a positive impact on future babies, and even
from the womb its first benefits emerge:
• Greater attachment and interaction between mothers and baby.
• It enhances his senses, which will be very beneficial for him when he begins the learning
stage.
• Improves the physical and mental health of the developing baby.
• They are more relaxed during their birth
• Develops communication, language, vocabulary, visual motor coordination, memory,
reasoning and social intelligence.
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Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal (ASSRJ) Vol. 8, Issue 11, November-2021
Services for Science and Education – United Kingdom
• They sleep and eat better
• They are able to focus their attention for longer and learn more quickly
• Your language, music and creativity skills are superior
• They are more curious and they are able to process and process information more
quickly.
• They show greater intelligence in their school age The important and ideal thing in a
pregnancy is to live it in a positive, creative way, nature offers us nine months to create
a bond with our baby, whether it be singing to him, talking to him, the beauty is
transmitting your joy and illusions.
Direct prenatal stimulation seems to have a favorable effect on intelligence and IQ, all women
are different and they cannot be expected to experience their pregnancy the same. You cannot
give answers to everything because there are still many things that we do not know, despite the
fact that much progress has been made in the understanding of life and fetal development
thanks to ultrasound imaging techniques. Yes there is something universal, which is love and
the mother's instinct and the important thing is that prenatal stimulation techniques teach us
to provide the baby with a safe, loving and affectionate environment, before and after
pregnancy. And don't put all our expectations on creating gifted children, because bonding and
affection are what contribute to raising safe and happy children.
Many mothers stimulate their babies from the first trimester of pregnancy and although NOT
doing it in any way turns out to be a disadvantage for the future child, it would be well worth
enjoying these 9 months, strengthening the mother-baby bond with the support of some
techniques. ( http://bebesyembarazos.com/beneficio-de-la-estimulacion-prenatal/).
Importance of prenatal stimulation
It is important to distinguish education from instruction. Instruction is the transmission of
knowledge and skills, and uses learning methods. But the baby in the womb should not be
taught anything, to try it would be arbitrary and dangerous; it would be an intrusion into the
training process and we would exert violence on him / her. On the other hand, the objective of
education is to develop the potential of the human being and its adaptation to the world.
And education operates through three essential processes: impregnation, imitation,
Identification and experimentation. In the prenatal period the impregnation is maximum, it is
cellular. The child in the womb is impregnated with everything that his mother experiences. If
parents are informed that their child is educated at the same time that he is being trained, they
have the possibility of avoiding certain violence and can give him the best conditions for his
most optimal development, according to his own dynamics and natural process.
The real intention of the stimulation is to help form an unborn child who is capable of facing life
in the future, with common sense, coherence, intelligence and good humor. And it is important
since it is based on the repetition of sounds that the baby can easily perceive. Without a doubt,
the most common sound for a baby during pregnancy is the heartbeat of its mother. It is
therefore a question of reproducing a similar, but not identical sound that the baby can capture
and compare with the heartbeat of its mother.