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Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal – Vol. 8, No. 4

Publication Date: April 25, 2021

DOI:10.14738/assrj.84.10112.

Yanna, D., Domes, A., Meriana, T., & Sihotang, H. (2021). The Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Students Behaviour During Online

Learning at Pelangi Kasih Elementary School in Jakarta. Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 8(4). 594-604.

Services for Science and Education – United Kingdom

The Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Students Behaviour

During Online Learning at Pelangi Kasih Elementary School in

Jakarta

Deborah Yanna

Students and lecturer, Universitas Kristen Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia

Angelius Domes

Students and lecturer, Universitas Kristen Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia

Tju Meriana

Students and lecturer, Universitas Kristen Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia

Hotmaulina Sihotang

Students and lecturer, Universitas Kristen Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia

ABSTRACT

This study aims to determine the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on students’

behaviour during online learning. This research was conducted at Pelangi Kasih

Elementary School, Jakarta. Respondents were grade 6 students, total of 102

respondents, consisting of 53 girls and 49 boys. The study used is quantitative and

exploratory method with an descriptive analisys. The results showed that students

behaviours are able to be formed successfully during online learning when teachers

and parents communicate authentically more often and work together more

cooperatively, and the high unfulfilled needs of interaction among students can

affect their psychosocial issues.

Keywords: behaviour, Covid-19 pandemic, online learning

INTRODUCTION

Education is the basis of the success of human resources. In Indonesia, the quality of education

is low compared to other countries. Based on the IMF report, Indonesia's Human Capital Index

(HCI) is still below the world average with a value of 0.53 or is ranked number 87 out of 157

countries. In the midst of efforts to improve the quality of education, it turns out that we are

faced with the Covid-19 Pandemic situation since March 2020. With the government's policy to

hold distance learning, each school adjusts itself to be able to provide education from face-to- face to online learning and also balance it with comparable quality to face to face learning.

However, it is undeniable that of course there are gaps or differences in the management of

direct face-to-face learning with online learning. Not to mention that each school prepares

facilities to support a new normality.

The general focus of education according to Undang-undang nomor 20 tahun 2003 concerning

the National Education System, the first chapter states that: education is a conscious and

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595

Domes, A., Meriana, T., Yanna, & Sihotang, H. (2021). The Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Students Behaviour During Online Learning at Pelangi

Kasih Elementary School in Jakarta. Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 8(4). 594-604.

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.84.10112

planned effort to create an atmosphere of learning and the learning process so that students

actively develop their potential to have religious spiritual strength, self-control, personality,

intelligence, noble character and skills needed by student, society, nation and state.

Based on the literature and internet media, education can be interpreted into three meaning,

first, teaching and learning activities between educators and students to acquire knowledge

and skills as provisions for obtaining a better life in the future, second, education is a process

for changing the mindset of human resources which eventually becomes a smart substitute

generation with educators as agents of change; and finally, education is a process that occurs

either deliberately or unintentionally, also not limited to space, can be done directly or

indirectly with the aim of adding knowledge and skills. Learning aims to produce students who

have high-order thinking skills (HOTS) and noble character (Sihotang, H., 2020). The quality of

learning in schools is influenced by various factors such as curriculum, school management,

learning environment, and student intake. Learning focuses on students (Sihotang, H., 2020).

Based on the Minister of Education and Culture’s circular letter number 4 of 2020 concerning

the implementation of education policies in the emergency period of the spread of Covid-19,

the government provides directions to be able to conduct online learning with various

predetermined rules. Several terms are used in the designation, including Distance Learning,

Learning from Home, Online Learning, Home Learning, and maybe there are several other

terms.

Meanwhile, the implementation of online learning certainly has various obstacles that can be

experienced and occur in various schools and homes, due to various family conditions. It is

different from when students are presented to school, which of course has different

standardization for learning. So there needs to be a case study / research / tracing whether the

learning is effective and has an impact on the behaviour of students.

The obstacles commonly experienced are unstable internet network connections, inadequate

online learning tools, learning companions at home that do not match competencies, a less

conducive home atmosphere, difficulties in doing assignments independently, difficulties in

receiving learning. These things are of concern and focus that need to be addressed

immediately, so that learning achievement is in accordance with the targets set by both the

school and the government.

The behaviours that were examined through questionnaires and interviews with students,

teachers and parents were honesty, discipline, confidence, responsibility and courtesy.

According to Sudjana, learning can take place effectively and efficiently if students have

readiness to learn. Teachers need to realize that how they treat students will have an impact on

the behaviour of students, which in turn will have an impact on their learning outcomes. (Male,

H., Murniarti, E., Simatupang, M. S., Siregar, J., Sihotang, H., & Gunawan, R., 2020). To achieve

progress or change in behaviour to a certain level desired, learning strategy is also a

consideration. With online learning, it is our hoped that the delivery of learning materials, the

learning process, the acceptance of the material, and the evaluation are in accordance with the

targets set by the government and also improve the quality of Indonesian education in general.

In this study, the researchers also explore information from previous research as a comparison,

both regarding the advantages and disadvantages. In addition, researchers also took some

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Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal (ASSRJ) Vol. 8, Issue 4, April-2021

Services for Science and Education – United Kingdom

references or information from books, journals and other sources to support this research.

Accroding to Asrilia Kurniasar and et al (2020) in general, the implementation of learning from

home for grade VI students at SD Muhammadiyah 18 Surabaya runs quite effectively with a

percentage of 60-79%. Factors that can increase the effectiveness of learning from home are

the availability of adequate facilities, devices so that they can follow the online learning process

well, as well as assistance from parents (Sihotang, H., & Murniarti, E.,2021). However, at SD

Muhammadiyah 18 Surabaya, there are still students who do not have their own devices.

Although the above discussion states that online learning at SD Muhammadiyah 18 Surabaya is

running quite effectively, the researchers believe that the effectiveness of student learning is

influenced by the behaviour of students, so the researchers decided to conduct research on the

behaviour of students in elementary schools during online learning throughout the pandemic

of Covid-19.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Researchers used a quantitative approach with exploratory method with an analisys

descriptive to determine the impact of Covid-19 on the behaviour of grade VI students of

Pelangi Kasih Elementary School. The number of respondents was 102 people consisting of 53

girls and 49 boys. The school is located at Taman Grisenda Blok A1 No. 28 RT. 03 RW. 03, PIK,

Kapuk Muara, Penjaringan, North Jakarta City, DKI Jakarta 14460, Indonesia.

There are two techniques used to collect data in this study. First, a questionnaire, which

contains 30 statement items that represent 5 behavioral indicators, namely honesty, discipline,

responsibility, confidence, and courtesy. The questionnaire is provided with answer choices

namely Strongly Agree (SA), Agree (A), Disagree (D) and Strongly Disagree (SD). It was

validated by means of a forum group discussion (FGD) consisting of the teachers, homeroom

teachers and the Head of the Indonesian Language Department as well as the parents of the

students.

Second, researchers used semi-structured interviews to interview the informants. Semi- structured interview is an interview process that uses an interview guide that comes from the

statements in the questionnaire that still need to be questioned to get a more specific

explanation and its use is more flexible than interviews using the structured interview method.

Before conducting the interview, the researcher asked permission from the principal of the

Pelangi Kasih elementary school, Mrs Oksje Rumagit, then arranged the interview schedule

with the resource persons and asked for approval to record the interview process using the

Zoom application. The questions asked are not tied to the questions that have been prepared by

the researcher in order to achieve the objective of obtaining accurate and in-depth data.

Researchers validated the data that had been obtained using the resource person triangulation

technique, namely students, teachers and parents, and analyzed the results based on two types

of data. First, data taken from a questionnaire which would be described in the form of a

description, were analyzed using the formula below: