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Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal – Vol. 8, No. 4
Publication Date: April 25, 2021
DOI:10.14738/assrj.84.10097.
Siradjuddin, Z. (2021). Evolution of Tokaili Settlement Process in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Advances in Social Sciences Research
Journal, 8(4). 543-559.
Services for Science and Education – United Kingdom
Evolution of Tokaili Settlement Process in Central Sulawesi,
Indonesia
Zaenal Siradjuddin
Architecture Department of Tadulako University, Palu, Indonesia
ABSTRACT
Indonesia has a variety of (ethnic) cultures spread throughout Indonesia, one of
which is in Central Sulawesi (ToKaili). The evolutionary process that is the object of
observation is in the ToKaili community, which focuses on seTeori sosiologis klasik
menjadikan sosiologis sebagai teori dasar. Di antara hipotesis yang muncul
berkaitan dengan idealisme, materialisme dan sistem ekonomi, nilai lebih, dan
dinamika perubahan sosial mempengaruhi teori perubahan sosial dari bentuk- bentuk rasionalisme yang dimiliki. Kelompok-kelompok yang dibentuk
berdasarkan kepentingan tertentu, menunjukkan konfigurasi kelas (berbasis
ekonomi), status (berdasarkan kondisi dan kepentingan sosial), partai
(berdasarkan kepentingan politik). Dalam berpikir, rasionalitas, terdapat empat
pandangan berbeda tentang model yang ada di antara orang-orang. Di antara
keberadaan rasionalitas yang dapat menderita sendirian tetapi juga dapat menjadi
rujukan bagi perilaku orang dalam kehidupan mereka (Doyle Paul Johnson, 1986)
9ttlement development. The evolution method does not just happen but has a long
process to achieve the ideal form of housing and housing. This study aims to
uncover what is behind the phenomenon of home / personal life in ToKaili from
traditional architecture. his research uses a qualitative method with a
phenomenological approach. This analysis found several development periods
ranging from nomadic settlements to permanent settlements, and its development
at that time the solution became an ideal settlement.
Keywords: The process of evolution, development, Settlement, and customary rules,
ToKaili
INTRODUCTION
This research is base on facts about the uniqueness of local wisdom possessed by tribes in
Indonesia.
Diversity of local knowledge and essential role in finding harmony in these tribes' lives is
unique because Indonesia has so many cultures that have not received enough attention to be
researched as a basis for research and efforts to uncover the development of vernacular
architecture Indonesia.
The effect of globalization on architectural growth in Indonesia is so significant that the
architecture that belongs to it tends to be ignored.
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Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal (ASSRJ) Vol. 8, Issue 4, April-2021
Services for Science and Education – United Kingdom
Existing local wisdom, the Indonesian people's legacy has experienced degradation, even
abandoned by adherents so far, because they ignore local wisdom, namely the owner so that
future generations do not appreciate their own culture.
The vernacular architecture developed in rural areas as its identity is increasingly lost due to
the inclusion of external culture, which marginalizes the understanding of customary rules'
values.
The presence of culture outside raises many new problems in the lives of rural communities,
whereas in the past local wisdom about settlements has led to various forms and patterns of
agreements such as the patterns and structures of solutions found in the mountains, in valleys,
on the coast, and other tribes, evidence of local wisdom from the past, and the existence of new
tribal settlements in Indonesia far from culture inherited ancestors.
The phenomenon of applying customary rules related to housing throughout Indonesia
requires the categorization and deepening of various forms of local wisdom of ideal
settlements.
Based on the views of rural communities and how the values inherent in them, at this time, the
development of the postmodern era shows the birth of the neo-vernacular concept, which is an
attempt to develop and maintain custom rules or local wisdom. The combination of global
culture and local culture forms a new culture that is currently penetrating the countryside.
A mixture of local and global culture to preserve our ancestral customs, the influence of global
culture in rural communities does not eliminate local traditions such as architecture, which are
characteristic of people in various rural areas.
Mixing cultural characteristics must maintain the local architectural landscape, efforts to
integrate local culture with global culture require in-depth knowledge of various regional
cultures owned by each ethnic group, So this research is intended to provide insight into what
is behind local culture and how it occurs.
Investigation of the To Kaili settlement's evolutionary process is an effort to build an
epistemology (knowledge), and a deeper understanding of a sedentary culture that starts from
how To Kaili determines the ideal place to settle in each of their cultural developments. It is
done by studying various evolutionary processes, from nomadic to sedentary. Knowledge about
this process shows that there are patterns of behavior and procedures that continue to grow
and are base on the development of their experience and technology, and culture.
Thus, this research found knowledge about evolutionary patterns, forms, and life procedures
in harmony with the ToKaili community from the development stage to the present. This
knowledge must then be used to develop sustainable settlement patterns in the future that
show the uniqueness of each tribe.
The diversity of Indonesian ethnic groups can be preserved and become the identity of
Indonesian ethnic settlements visible in the lives of every ethnic group in Indonesia because of
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Siradjuddin, Z. (2021). Evolution of Tokaili Settlement Process in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 8(4).
543-559.
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.84.10097
their adaptability. Based on that thinking, research on the evolution of the To Kaili community
is very important.
LIBRARY REVIEW
The knowledge possessed by each tribe in Indonesia has many identical conditions, So it cannot
be compared with the understanding of each community with each other. To start this research,
researchers have the background knowledge that can help researchers see the various points
of view of each concept/theory, especially regarding the tribe's object of research.
This research intends to make the literature as a background for researchers' knowledge, which
includes: Local Wisdom, vernacular architecture, Settlements of researchers' knowledge, which
includes: Local Wisdom, vernacular architecture, Settlement, cultural canalization in society, to
be the fundamental knowledge of researchers used to capture various phenomena in the field
according to needs. From this study. The concept of sustainable pragmatism planning.
Local Wisdom
A community's local wisdom is an uncontrolled and attractive solution and tends to be a
dominant, attractive, or magnetic element with an attachment and becomes an adhesive
between them.
Settlements are part of a large area that functions as a group center and interprets a site, land,
or plot transformed into a place where people live. Some environments, having specific natural
characteristics and spatial structures, are referred to as terrain. Spaces equipped with natural
elements, e.g., topography with rocks, plants, and water owned, and significant orientations
such as the site's relationship to light, weather, and natural conditions, are part of the
microclimate.
Housing in the late 60s, as a guide to housing for human life. Settlement exists because there
are people with a culture and social or cultural civilization that is owned.
The house's construction and shape are considered as an embodiment of the community's
cultural values. Home Is an embodiment of shelter or a place where people face climate and
weather conditions (heat, cold, rain, and wind).
Human behavior response to the house varies and changes depending on the conditions of the
place. In traditional society, the house is associated with several aspects, such as social, cultural,
religious, and physical aspects. So, homes and villages are part of the area where residents
placing them, as part of work activities, connecting with fellow settlers in a community that
meets the various needs of life through activities (Rapoport, 1977)1
In some parts of the area, communities form houses together like architects as workers.
Residential areas like this generally give birth to settlements in the interior and make building
houses traditionally done by working together, adapting to local habits, and their nature.
Community groups formed tend to share the habit from generation to generation, considering
it as a place of birth or hometown (Zaenal, 2016) 2