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European Journal of Applied Sciences – Vol. 13, No. 1
Publication Date: February 25, 2025
DOI:10.14738/aivp.131.18100.
Choudhury, S., Kayes, A., Rahman, N., Ahmmad, S., Islam, N., & Shawon, T. A. (2025). Effect of Waterlogging at Different Growth
Stages on Growth, Yield and Biochemical Characteristics of Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.). European Journal of Applied Sciences,
Vol - 13(1). 01-11.
Services for Science and Education – United Kingdom
Effect of Waterlogging at Different Growth Stages on Growth,
Yield and Biochemical Characteristics of Brinjal (Solanum
melongena L.)
Shormin Choudhury
ORCID: 0000-0001-8168-5416
Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Agriculture Faculty,
Horticulture Department, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
Amrul Kayes
Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Agriculture Faculty,
Horticulture Department, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
Naimur Rahman
Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Agriculture Faculty,
Horticulture Department, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
Sajib Ahmmad
Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Agriculture Faculty,
Horticulture Department, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
Nazrul Islam
ORCID: 0000-0002-1295-7067
Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Agriculture Faculty,
Horticulture Department, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
Tanzena Akter Shawon
Department of Horticulture,
Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
ABSTRACT
Waterlogging affects a variety of plants, including brinjal; however, little is known
about the consequences of waterlogging on brinjal at various growth stages. A pot
experiment was carried out on two brinjal cultivars, BARI brinjal 8 and BARI brinjal
11, to study the effects of waterlogging at various growth stages on plant growth,
chlorophyll content, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, reducing sugar, proline,
phenol, and fruit yield. The experiment was carried out using waterlogging
treatments applied at the four-five-leaf and flowering stages, with standard
management (no waterlogging) as a control. The negative effects of waterlogging on
brinjal growth varied with waterlogging timing, with the greatest influence
occurring during the flowering stage, followed by the seedling stage. BARI brinjal 8
was more susceptible to waterlogging than BARI brinjal 11. Waterlogged conditions
reduced the chlorophyll content, ultimately lowering grain yield. Biochemical
parameters such as proline, reducing sugar, phenol, and MDA concentration,
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European Journal of Applied Sciences (EJAS) Vol. 13, Issue 1, February-2025
changed under waterlogging stress, with the change being more pronounced during
the flowering stage. It was observed that, plants that received watering at the
seedling stage recovered. However, during the flowering stage, waterlogging may
cause morphological development to stall and hinder brinjal production from
recovering.
Keywords: Brinjal, waterlogging, chlorophyll content, yield, reducing sugar.
INTRODUCTION
The number of waterlogging occurrences on croplands has grown globally in recent decades,
owing primarily to more intense and unpredictable rainfalls caused by climate change
(Hirabayashi et al., 2013). Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) is a hot-weather vegetable widely
grown in tropical and subtropical climates around the world. It is a popular vegetable that is
widely grown and consumed in Asian countries, particularly Bangladesh. Farmers typically
cultivate their upland crops using traditional flooding irrigation methods that are widely used,
resulting in excessive irrigation water use, increased surface runoff, deep percolation, water
stagnation, and decreased aeration (Sarker et al., 2019). Excess irrigation, rainfall, and
inadequate water management can all contribute to waterlogging.
Waterlogging causes significant abiotic stress to plants. Globally, it is believed that
waterlogging affects 10% of all irrigated land, potentially reducing crop productivity by up to
20%. Waterlogging disrupts plant growth and development, slows the growth process, and
causes a major morphological response to stress (Ghobadi et al., 2017). The anaerobic
environment created by waterlogging prevents aerobic respiration in the mitochondria and
causes anaerobic respiration in the root system. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) build up as a
result of the blockage of electron transport, the inability to make ATP through the aerobic
pathway, and the quick energy crisis that can cause cell death (Le et al., 2016). According to
Petrov et al. (2015), oxidative stress and ROS overproduction may be the common mechanism
of phytotoxicity and the cause of damage to significant organic constituents of plant cells.
Different enzymatic or non-enzymatic antioxidants, signaling mechanisms, and metabolites are
present in plants to counteract the harmful effects of ROS (Ahammed et al., 2013). Short-term
soil waterlogging can easily cause rapid biochemical changes, while long-term acclimation is
more likely to include structural and morphological alterations such as the production of
adventitious roots, hypertrophied lenticels, and aerenchyma (Yamauchi et al., 2018).
Waterlogging has the greatest impact on several growth phases, including seedling, blooming,
and fruiting. Crop damage from waterlogging at various stages affects production. Flowering
and fruiting are key growth times for the crop, both in terms of soil moisture scarcity and excess
(Reddi and Reddy, 2009).
However, crop tolerance to waterlogging varies from crop to crop, as does the duration of the
waterlogged circumstances. Waterlogging caused by excessive rainfall during the rainy season
is the most significant hindrance to brinjal cultivation in Bangladesh. The goal of this study was
to assess the influence of waterlogging circumstances on brinjal development, yield, and
biochemical properties, as well as to identify the crucial growth stage of brinjal under
waterlogging stress.
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Choudhury, S., Kayes, A., Rahman, N., Ahmmad, S., Islam, N., & Shawon, T. A. (2025). Effect of Waterlogging at Different Growth Stages on Growth,
Yield and Biochemical Characteristics of Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.). European Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol - 13(1). 01-11.
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/aivp.131.18100
METHODOLOGY
Plant Materials and Cultivation
Two brinjal cultivars, BARI brinjal 8 and BARI brinjal 11 were used in this experiment. A pot
culture experiment was conducted at the Horticulture farm of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural
University, Dhaka (41°49′ N and 123°33′ E) in February-June 2024. The Brinjal seeds were
obtained from the Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI) in Gazipur, Bangladesh.
Seeds were sown in PVC tanks (1.2×0.6×0.6 m) using a soil combination and slow-release
fertilizers. At 25 days after sowing (DAS), seedlings were transplanted to the maintained pot
with recommended doses of fertilizer.
Experimental Design and Treatment
The experiment was set up using five replications and a completely random design. Three
treatments were given to plants: (i) well-drained controls, which were watered daily and
allowed to drain freely, (ii) waterlogged at an 'early' stage (4-5 leaf stage), and (iii) waterlogged
at a 'late' stage (flowering stage). Early waterlogging, which coincided with the seedling stage,
was applied to 35-day-old seedlings. Pots with holes were closed by filling them with tap water
for 10 days, leaving 1-2 cm of water above the soil surface of the pots. After the waterlogging
period finished, holes were opened to allow the water to drain, and plants were watered daily
to field capacity until the experiment concluded, to assess their recovery. Late-waterlogging
occurred during plant reproductive phases (flowering stage) and lasted 10 days, with recovery
post-waterlogging also being tracked. The morphological, physiological, and biochemical
characteristics were evaluated 10 days after the water logging stress and at the end of recovery.
Plant Height, Number of leaves and Leaf Area
From the base of the plant to the tip of the main stem, the height of each plant in each treatment
was measured in centimeters, and a mean value was computed. Every plant in the treatment
had its total number of leaves counted 10 days following water logging stress and at the end of
recovery stage. Every leaf sample was measured for its greatest width (W) and length (L) using
a ruler. The breadth was measured on the widest leaflet, and the length was calculated as the
distance from the rachis's distal end to the first leaflet's insertion.
SPAD Value
Using a SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter (Minolta, Tokyo, Japan), the chlorophyll content of the first
completely developed leaves was determined. The midpoint of the leaf lamina on both the
treated and control plants was measured.
Measurements of Yield and Yield Traits
Yields per plant (g) were computed by averaging the harvests of all five plants in each treatment
and replication to get the total. On each harvest day, the weight of the fruits (g) from each
selected plant was recorded using an electronic top pan balance.
Reducing Sugar Content
The phenol-sulphuric acid method (DuBois et al., 1956) was used to compute reducing sugars
with minor adjustments to the test volume and wave length. After homogenizing 0.2 g of fresh
leaf with deionized water, the extract was filtered. 0.4 milliliters of 5% phenol was mixed with
2 milliliters of the solution. The liquid was swiftly combined with 2 cc of 98% sulfuric acid. The
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European Journal of Applied Sciences (EJAS) Vol. 13, Issue 1, February-2025
test tubes were left at room temperature for ten minutes before being immersed in a water bath
heated to thirty degrees Celsius for twenty minutes to allow the color to develop. Next, the
spectrophotometer was used to detect light absorption at 540 nm. The same procedure was
used to prepare the blank solution, which is distilled water. The reducing sugar content was
expressed as mg/g FW.
Determination of Proline Content
The leaf tissue's proline content was extracted and assessed using the Bates et al. (1973)
method. Liquid nitrogen was employed in a mortar to ground fifty milligrams of fresh leaf
material. After mixing the homogenate powder with 1 milliliter of aqueous sulfuric acid (3%
w/v), it was filtered using Whatman #1 filter paper. The extracted solution was incubated for
one hour at 95°C after being treated with an equal volume of glacial acetic acid and ninhydrin
reagent (1.25 mg of ninhydrin to 30 mL of glacial acetic acid and 20 mL of 6 M H3PO4). Placing
the reaction in an ice bath caused it to halt. Two milliliters of toluene were quickly added to the
reaction mixture. After warming to 25°C, the chromophore was identified at 520 nm. L-proline
was used as the standard.
Phenolic Content Analysis
The phenolic content was determined using the Singleton et al. technique (Singleton et al.,
1999). The leaves (250 mg) were homogenized with 85% methanol. The extract was
centrifuged at 3000× g for 15 minutes to separate the supernatant. Folin-Ciocalteu reagent (2
mL) was added to each 2 mL of supernatant. Each test tube was filled with a 7.5% sodium
carbonate solution (2 mL), and after 30-45 minutes, the absorbance was measured at 725 nm
against a blank sample. Gallic acid was used to create a standard curve for determining total
phenolic content.
Estimation of Lipid Peroxidation
The level of lipid peroxidation was assessed using a modified Heath and Packer (1968)
approach, which measured MDA content, a result of lipid peroxidation.
Statistical Analysis
The data were analyzed using ANOVA in SPSS (Ver.17.0, SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA). Duncan's
multiple range test was used to determine significant differences between treatments at the
0.05 level (P < 0.05).
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Response of Morphological Traits Under Waterlogging Stress
Waterlogging stress resulted in reduced growth in height, leaf number/plant, and leaf area
compared to the control cultivars. The values of each morphological indicator were also lower
in V1 than V2, indicating that V2 was less affected by waterlogging stress than V1. Moreover, the
plants water logged at early stage (seedling stage) was less affected compared to the plants
water logged at later stage (flowering stage). At 10 days after waterlogging, plant height of
brinjal was significantly lower than that of control of early water logging plants in both cultivars
i.e. BARI brinjal 8 (14.33 cm) and BARI brinjal 11 (17.6 cm) which had decreased by about
41.10% and 38.67% respectively (Table 1). At 10 days after waterlogging, number of
leaves/plant of brinjal was significantly lower than that of control of early water logging plants
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Choudhury, S., Kayes, A., Rahman, N., Ahmmad, S., Islam, N., & Shawon, T. A. (2025). Effect of Waterlogging at Different Growth Stages on Growth,
Yield and Biochemical Characteristics of Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.). European Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol - 13(1). 01-11.
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/aivp.131.18100
in both cultivars i.e. BARI brinjal 8 (2.66) and BARI brinjal 11 (4.33) which had decreased by
about 60.06% and 51.98% respectively (Table 1). At 10 days after waterlogging, leaf area of
brinjal was significantly lower than that of control of early water logging plants in both cultivars
i.e. BARI brinjal 8 (106.83 cm2) and BARI brinjal 11 (136.67 cm2) which had decreased by about
67.23% and 61.70% respectively (Table 1). At the end of recovery, the difference of plant
height, leaf number/plant and leaf area of the water logging and the control plants of BARI
brinjal 8 were small, and the plant height, leaf number/plant and leaf area of the waterlogging
of BARI brinjal 11 were lower than that of control. However, at 10 days after waterlogging,
morphological parameters of both cultivars of brinjal were not taken as the plants of both
cultivars were not withstand under water logging condition at flowering stage and died.
Table 1: Effect of waterlogging stress on brinjal cultivars of different morphological
characteristics at different growth stage
Treatments Plant height Number of leaves Leaf area SPAD value
10
DAW
At
recovery
stage
10
DAW
At
recovery
stage
10
DAW
At
recovery
stage
10
DAW
At
recovery
stage
V1 Control 24.33b 39.17b 6.66b 16.33b 326.0b 398.00b 52.15
a
51.70 a
Seedling
stage
14.33d 33.76c 2.66d 12.66c 106.83c 270.83d 46.33
b
49.53 b
V2 Control 30.33a 43.84a 8.33a 18.66a 356.33a 414.33a 51.45
a
52.53 a
Seedling
stage
18.6c 38.19b 4.0c 15.33b 136.67c 306.67c 47.13
b
50.17 b
LSD0.05 3.41 3.56 0.57 1.39 29.46 32.19 2.49 2.10
CV (%) 6.61 5.78 4.44 4.65 5.31 7.34 2.50 4.79
V1 = BARI brinjal 8; V2 =BARI brinjal 11; DAW = Days after waterlogging
The statistical analysis is two way ANOVA, and values followed by different letters within the
same row are significantly different at P = 0.05 probability level.
Response of Chlorophyll Content (SPAD Value) Under Waterlogging Stress
The value in chlorophyll content under waterlogging stress was lower than the control of two
cultivars. Values of each chlorophyll content was also lower in V1 than V2, suggesting that V2
was less impacted by waterlogging stress than V1. Moreover, the plants water logged at early
stage (seedling stage) was less affected compared to the plants water logged at later stage
(flowering stage). At 10 days after waterlogging, chlorophyll content of brinjal was significantly
lower than that of control of early water logging plants in both cultivars i.e. BARI brinjal 8
(46.33) and BARI brinjal 11 (47.13) which had decreased by about 12.56% and 9.17%
respectively (Table 1). At the end of recovery, the difference of chlorophyll content of the water
logging and the control plants of BARI brinjal 8 were small, and the plant height, chlorophyll
content of the waterlogging of BARI brinjal 11 was lower than that of control. However, at 10
days after waterlogging, chlorophyll content of both cultivars of brinjal were not taken as the
plants of both cultivars were not withstand under water logging condition at flowering stage
and died.
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European Journal of Applied Sciences (EJAS) Vol. 13, Issue 1, February-2025
Response of Biochemical Attributes Under Waterlogging Stress
Genetic variations exist in the biochemical factors that plants use to adapt to flooding and
waterlogging conditions. Proline content showed variations in different stages on brinjal at
water logged condition. After 10 days’ water logging stress proline was lower at flowering
stage compare to seedling and control stage. Highest proline content found in BARI brinjal 11
compare to BARI brinjal 8 cultivars at water logged condition. Moreover, the plants water
logged at early stage (seedling stage) was less affected compared to the plants water logged at
later stage (flowering stage). At stressed condition proline content was significantly higher at
seedling stage (3.15 mg/g); (3.64 mg/g) respectively in both cultivars compared to flowering
stage (2.05 mg/g); (2.25 mg/g) in both cultivars individually (Table 2).
MDA content showed variations in different stages on brinjal at water logged condition. After
10 days’ water logging stress MDA was lower at flowering stage compare to seedling and
control stage. Highest MDA content found in BARI brinjal 11 compare to BARI brinjal 8 cultivars
at water logged condition. Moreover, the plants water logged at early stage (seedling stage) was
less affected compared to the plants water logged at later stage (flowering stage). At stressed
condition MDA content was significantly lower at seedling stage (4.43 mg/g); (4.11 mg/g)
respectively in both cultivars compared to flowering stage (6.03 mg/g); (5.53 mg/g) in both
varieties individually (Table 2).
Reducing sugar content showed variations in different stages on brinjal at water logged
condition. After 10 days’ water logging stress reducing sugar was lower at flowering stage
compare to seedling and control stage. Highest reducing sugar content found in BARI brinjal
11 compare to BARI brinjal 8 cultivars at water logged condition. Moreover, the plants water
logged at early stage (seedling stage) was less affected compared to the plants water logged at
later stage (flowering stage). At stressed condition reducing sugar content was significantly
lower at seedling stage (4.43 mg/g); (4.11 mg/g) respectively in both cultivars compared to
flowering stage (6.03 mg/g); (5.53 mg/g) in both cultivars individually (Table 2).
Phenolic content showed variations in different stages on brinjal at water logged condition.
After 10 days’ water logging stress phenolic content was lower at flowering stage compare to
seedling stage and control condition. The highest phenolic content found in BARI brinjal 11
compare to BARI brinjal 8 cultivars at water logged condition. Moreover, the plants water
logged at early stage (seedling stage) was less affected compared to the plants water logged at
later stage (flowering stage). At stressed condition phenolic content was significantly lower at
flowering stage (2.32 mg/g); (2.56 mg/g) in BARI brinjal 8 and BARI brinjal 11 respectively,
compared to seedling stage (3.44 mg/g); (3.76 mg/g) (Table 2).
Table 2: Effect of waterlogging stress on brinjal cultivars of different biochemical
attributes at different growth stage
Treatments Reducing sugar
(mg/g)
Proline
(mg/g)
MDA content
(mg/g)
Phenol (mg/g)
V1
Control 2.29 e 4.24 b 3.04 e 4.01 b
Seedling stage 4.13 c 3.15 d 4.43 c 3.44 d
Flowering stage 5.14 a 2.05 f 6.03 a 2.32 f
Control 2.23 e 4.61 a 2.57 f 4.69 a
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Choudhury, S., Kayes, A., Rahman, N., Ahmmad, S., Islam, N., & Shawon, T. A. (2025). Effect of Waterlogging at Different Growth Stages on Growth,
Yield and Biochemical Characteristics of Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.). European Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol - 13(1). 01-11.
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/aivp.131.18100
V2
Seedling stage 3.73 d 3.64 c 4.11 d 3.76 c
Flowering stage 4.81 b 2.25 e 5.53 b 2.56 e
LSD0.05 0.08 0.18 0.19 0.16
CV (%) 1.21 3.11 2.39 2.60
V1 = BARI brinjal 8; V2 =BARI brinjal 11
The statistical analysis is two way ANOVA, and values followed by different letters within the
same row are significantly different at P = 0.05 probability level.
Response of Yield and Yield Contributing Traits Under Waterlogging Stress
Compared to the control of two cultivars, the number of fruits, individual fruit weight, and
yield/plant under waterlogging stress were all lower. Additionally, V1 had lower values for each
yield and yield contributing indicator than V2, indicating that V2 was less affected by
waterlogging stress. Moreover, the plants water logged at early stage (seedling stage) was less
affected compared to the plants water logged at later stage (flowering stage). After harvesting
of all fruits, number of fruits/plant of brinjal was significantly lower than that of control of early
water logging plants in both cultivars i.e. BARI brinjal 8 (7.33) and BARI brinjal 11 (10.33)
which had decreased by about 21.50% and 18.40% respectively (Table 2). After reaping,
individual fruit weight of brinjal was significantly lower than that of control of early water
logging plants in both cultivars i.e. BARI brinjal 8 (78.33 g) and BARI brinjal 11 (86.33 g) which
had decreased by about 15.47% and 13.67% respectively (Table 3). After harvesting of all
fruits, fruit yield/plant of brinjal was significantly lower than that of control of early water
logging plants in both cultivars i.e. BARI brinjal 8 (583.33 g) and BARI brinjal 8 (891.78) which
had decreased by about 31.18% and 29.55% respectively (Table 3). At the end of recovery, the
difference of plant number of fruits, individual fruit weight and yield/plant of the water logging
and the control plants of BARI brinjal 8 were small, and the plant height, leaf number/plant and
leaf area of the waterlogging of BARI brinjal 11 were lower than that of control.
Table 3: Effect of waterlogging stress on brinjal cultivars of different yield traits at
different growth stage
Treatments Number of fruits Individual fruit weight (g) Yield (g/plant)
V1
Control 9.33 b 92.67 ab 847.67 b
Seedling stage 7.33 c 78.33 c 583.33 d
V2
Control 12.66 a 100.00 a 1266 a
Seedling stage 10.33 b 86.33 bc 891.78 c
LSD0.05 0.99 9.71 86.22
CV (%) 5.45 5.44 5.65
V1 = BARI brinjal 8; V2 =BARI brinjal 11
The statistical analysis is two way ANOVA, and values followed by different letters within the
same row are significantly different at P = 0.05 probability level.
DISCUSSION
Brinjal plants are tough to grow in waterlogged soil. In a waterlogged state, the brinjal root
becomes easily damaged and is unable to absorb nutrients from the soil. This study looked at
how waterlogging during the four to five leaf and blooming phases affected brinjal growth,
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European Journal of Applied Sciences (EJAS) Vol. 13, Issue 1, February-2025
yield, and biochemical characteristics. The varied waterlogging treatments lowered growth and
yield to varying degrees; the greatest loss was observed when waterlogging occurred during
the flowering stage. According to studies, waterlogging at the three-leaf stage in summer maize
caused the most grain production loss (Ren et al., 2017). In contrast to these observations in
brinjal, the current study found that waterlogging during the flowering stage caused more
damage to brinjal development and biochemical parameters than during the seedling stage.
The vegetative growth of brinjal decreased with waterlogging and increased gradually after
waterlogging was relieved which was consistent with the findings of (Luo et al., 2007).
Waterlogging at the seedling stage caused a considerable decrease in these features in both
cultivars, with V1 seeing a more severe decline than V2, according to data from the current trial.
However, when both cultivars were waterlogged during the flowering period, they were unable
to fully recover and did not exhibit any regrowth. These findings are consistent with those of
De San Celedonio et al. (2014), who found that waterlogging was most detrimental to wheat
and barley during the time between the start of stem elongation and anthesis stage. Our present
study of investigation showed an increase in reducing sugar content varying under different
water logging stages. In this study, the maximum accumulation of reducing sugar was found at
the flowering stage for both cultivars with V1 showing more increase than V2. This suggests that
the flowering stage was more susceptible than the seedling stage of brinjal to waterlogging.
Dalai et al. (2021) reported an increase in reducing sugar level in leaf of sunflower under
waterlogging stress. According to Herzog et al. (2016), under such circumstances, the leaves
produce more sugar than they consume. Moreover, restricted root systems make it more
difficult for the roots to move phloem, which causes photoassimilates to accumulate in the
leaves and, eventually, excessive sugar production (Pais et al., 2022).
While drought stress enhanced phenolic content in D. antarctica (Zamora et al., 2010), however,
phenolic content was decreased under water logging stress in D. Antarctica shoot (Park et al.,
2019). Inconsistent with these observations in brinjal, the present study demonstrated that
phenolic content was decreased under water logging stress (Table 2). Most phenolic substances
are extremely potent scavengers of hydroxyl and peroxyl radicals, and they can stabilize lipid
peroxidation (Yamasaki et al., 1997). Proline also possesses antioxidant characteristics, which
can increase cell stability by preserving the redox balance and decreasing lipid peroxidation
(Liu et al., 2021). In our results, phenolic content was decreased in both waterlogging stage
compared to control. However, the decreasing trend was more pronounced at flowering stage
compare to seedling stage.
Waterlogged circumstances have been shown to drastically reduce the amount of chlorophyll
in leaves in earlier research, particularly in sensitive plant species like cotton (Zhang et al.,
2021), maize (Ren et al., 2023), and peanut (Sharma et al., 2022). Changes in cell membrane
structure under stress cause a decrease in the amount of chlorophyll (Cao et al., 2015).
According to Yi et al. (2008), stress also raises ROS and MDA, which speeds up the breakdown
of chlorophyll and lowers its total concentration. ROS was also linked to a decrease in
photosynthetic enzyme activity and chlorophyll content, which led to oxidative membrane
damage and the buildup of MDA (Zheng et al., 2017). Our findings showed that water logging
increased MDA content in two brinjal cultivars (BARI brinjal 8, BARI brinjal 11), implying that
water logging has an impact on membrane integrity and consequently membrane degeneration
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Choudhury, S., Kayes, A., Rahman, N., Ahmmad, S., Islam, N., & Shawon, T. A. (2025). Effect of Waterlogging at Different Growth Stages on Growth,
Yield and Biochemical Characteristics of Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.). European Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol - 13(1). 01-11.
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/aivp.131.18100
(Yu et al., 2015). Changes in chloroplast shape under waterlogging were linked to increased
active oxygen content (Luan et al., 2018) and a compromised protective enzyme system (Bin et
al., 2010). According to this study, waterlogging destroys cell integrity, reduces the activity of
photosynthetic enzymes, lowers chlorophyll content, and eventually leads to a drop-in
photosynthesis. Waterlogging during the blossoming stage resulted in serious damage.
CONCLUSION
The study found that waterlogging significantly reduced brinjal growth, yield, and biochemical
characteristics. Brinjal was the most sensitive to waterlogging at the flowering stage, followed
by four to five-leaf stages. Between the cultivars of the study, BARI brinjal 8 was more sensitive
to waterlogging than BARI brinjal 11. Waterlogging stress affected plant growth and
development, with a decrease in chlorophyll content. Biochemical analyses revealed changes in
various parameters, such as proline, phenol, malondialdehyde (MDA), and reducing sugar.
Meanwhile, other characteristics indicate that the flowering stages were the most responsive
to water logging stress.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The present work was financially supported by Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University Research
System (SAURES), Dhaka, Bangladesh.
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