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European Journal of Applied Sciences – Vol. 12, No. 5

Publication Date: October 25, 2024

DOI:10.14738/aivp.125.17749.

Hemmati, M. H. P., Najafi, M., Hosseini, S. G., Ghazvini, Z., & Jabarnia, M. (2024). The Power Generated by the Waves. European

Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol - 12(5). 363-379.

Services for Science and Education – United Kingdom

The Power Generated by the Waves

Mohammad Hojjat Poor Hemmati

Islamic Azad University of Kerman

Mahsa Najafi

Islamic Azad University of Damavand

Seyedeh Ghazal Hosseini

Haj Abdullah Tavsouli

Zahra Ghazvini

Non-profit higher education institutions of Mazandaran

Mehdi Jabarnia

University of applied science and technology of Isfahan

ABSTRACT

Climate change and the emission of many polluting gases spread by fossil fuels

have been causing plenty of problems for the environment. The energies provided

by natural resources with zero release of greenhouse gases can be proper

replacements to sustain the need of the power demand. This survey has

investigated sustainable energy sources with the usage of green and clean sources

including hydropower such as wave energy, sunlight, and wind power and then

converting these natural resources into pure electrical energy. The presented data

is brought from the libraries of several papers that have been printed previously.

The survey illustrated the results of the following papers and brought innovative

concepts to produce electrical energy with environment-friendly solutions. A

plate-type wave energy converter has been thoroughly examined as a viable

method for utilizing wave energy to transport seawater to desalination sites. The

study rigorously investigated the impact of various factors on the converter's

performance and presented groundbreaking concepts for producing electrical

energy through environmentally friendly solutions.

Keywords: energy production, hydropower, wave energy, sustainable energy, Electricity

power.

INTRODUCTION

The oil crisis of 1973 brought about a major change in the renewable energy scenario and

increased the interest in large-scale wave energy generation. A paper published in 1974 in the

prestigious journal Nature by Stephen Salter from the University of Edinburgh became a

turning point and brought wave energy to the attention of the international scientific

community. [10] Countries such as Scotland, England, Norway, Japan and Portugal started

investing in research projects to obtain energy from sea waves. Scotland is one of the leaders

in this field. An additional problem is related to the concept of a power take-off (PTO)

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European Journal of Applied Sciences (EJAS) Vol. 12, Issue 5, October-2024

mechanism (air turbine, power hydraulic, electric generator, or other) that must allow the

production of usable power. The problem here lies in the variability of the absorbed energy

flux from the waves, on several time scales: wave-to-wave (a few seconds), sea states (hours

or days), and seasonal changes. Naturally, survival in difficult conditions is another important

issue. This survey presents practical and sustainable energy sources to produce the electrical

power required for consumption in industrial and domestic sectors. Due to the problems

caused by not enough sufficient energy resources such as oil, gas, coal and other conventional

energy sources, it is suggested that the waves energy from the seas and oceans can be the

suitable alternatives instead of the fossil fuels which causes tons of water, air and soil

pollutions for the environment. Typical electricity production is one of the main sources of

greenhouse gas production, which releases more pollution than total cars and airplanes.

Moreover, the extraction of fossil fuels disproportionately affects disadvantaged local

communities located near these facilities. Employing clean and renewable energy is one of the

most important efforts to reduce environmental pollution for soil, air and water. Clean energy

also declines harmful smog, and toxic concentrations in the environment. Renewable energy

production utilizes the natural resources of the earth, such as sunlight, wind, water resources

(rivers, tides and waves), geothermal or biomass. The process of generating power by these

renewable sources has no emissions of greenhouse gases. That is why renewable energy is

also known as "clean energy". However, there are some hardships to establish and enhance

sustainable energy sources and achieve their benefits. The replacements of fossil fuels

infrastructure take time. Besides, energy production through the usage of sustainable energy

sources demands a huge amount of financial support from both government agencies and

private companies to boost investment in sustainable energy and trust in these clean

resources. Since the rising demand for power by tons of users, it is vital to answer the needs

for electricity for domestic, industrial, and business sections. The usage of the renewable

energy production methods is probably one of the best solutions to deal with this issue and

provide the demanded power.

Furthermore, renewable energy sources last for long periods due to their suppliers which is

the nature, and can be reliable sources to produce electricity and bring a cleaner earth for the

future. Due to the demand for electricity power increasing, the solar panels and wind

turbines, both inland and offshore were considered greatly by plenty of countries, such as the

United States, Germany, Spain and some others. The action to establish Wind Turbine farms,

Photovoltaic parks, and hydropower from the rivers and lakes to produce electricity and

answer the needs of the power market has already started in serious ways. Moreover, some

other methods including biofuels, producing electrical energy from wave energy, and heat of

the inner side of the earth(geothermal) have been researched, developed and used in diverse

regions. There is a figure which is published by the Commission of Europa that illustrates the

renewable energy milestones among several European countries and provides information

about the usage of solar panels, wind turbines and biomass fuels from 1991 to 2019. [1]

From decades, Earth is reminding humans to find better ways to produce power rather than

burning fossil fuels which would result in the emission of harmful gases into the environment.

The world energy consumption is expected to increase substantially in the next decade and if

the same negligence towards the environment continues, there will be a day when no clean

air would be available. Traditional practices of producing energy, regularly reminds us the