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European Journal of Applied Sciences – Vol. 10, No. 6
Publication Date: December 25, 2022
DOI:10.14738/aivp.106.13255. Quamruzzaman, A. K. M., Akter, L., & Islam, F. (2022). Yield Performance and Pest Infestation of High-Temperature Tolerant Tomato
(Lycopersicon Esculentum) Lines for Year-Round Tomato Production in Bangladesh. European Journal of Applied Sciences, 10(6).
48-55.
Services for Science and Education – United Kingdom
Yield Performance and Pest Infestation of High-Temperature
Tolerant Tomato (Lycopersicon Esculentum) Lines for Year- Round Tomato Production in Bangladesh
A. K. M. Quamruzzaman
Olericulture Division, Horticulture Research Center
Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute
Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh
Limu Akter
Olericulture Division, Horticulture Research Center
Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute
Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh
Ferdouse Islam
Training and communication, Bangladesh Agricultural
Research Institute, Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh
ABSTRACT
The study used 20 tomato lines/varieties at the Olericulture Division of the
Horticulture Research Centre, BARI, Gazipur, Bangladesh during the summer
season of 2021 to evaluate yield and yield-related components, as well as pest
disease infestation. During the summer season, there was significant variation
among the 20 tomato lines/varieties. The number of fruits per plant and single fruit
weight ranged from 6.0 to 8.0 and 24.4g to 184.9g, respectively, while fruit length
and diameter ranged from 2.2-11.6cm and 1.9-7.3cm, respectively. TSS ranged from
3.2 to 7.0 percent, with higher TSS contained lines being SLA-15 (7.0 percent), AVTO
1715 (6.3 percent), AVTO 1911 (6.0 percent), AVTO 1702 (5.6 percent), and SLA-05
(5.6 percent) (5.6 percent ). There was a significant difference in TYLCV infection
and leaf sucking pest infestation, which ranged from 3.3–30 percent and 3.3–30
percent, respectively. Fruit yield ranged from 5.56-42.46 t/ha, with higher yielding
lines being AVTO 1717, AVTO 1911, AVTO 1409, AVTO 1713, AVTO 1715, and AVTO
1921. Taking into account yield and yield contributing parameters, as well as pest
disease infestation, the lines AVTO 1717, AVTO 1911, AVTO 1409, AVTO 1713, AVTO
1715, and AVTO 1921 may be selected further for developing better summer tomato
varieties and inbred development.
Key word: Lycopersicon esculentum, tomato, TYLCV, pest, fruit yield.
INTRODUCTION
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is one of the most important vegetables of Bangladesh and the
world wide, too. It is the second most important world consumable vegetable after potatoes,
ranks first among the processing crops (FAO, 2008) and belongs to the Solanaceae family
(Saravanan et al., 2003). It is rich in a plethora of natural antioxidants and bioactive compounds.
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Quamruzzaman, A. K. M., Akter, L., & Islam, F. (2022). Yield Performance and Pest Infestation of High-Temperature Tolerant Tomato (Lycopersicon
Esculentum) Lines for Year-Round Tomato Production in Bangladesh. European Journal of Applied Sciences, 10(6). 48-55.
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/aivp.106.13255
The regular ingestion of an adequate amount of fresh tomatoes or processed tomato products
has been inversely correlated with the development of widespread human diseases (Agarwal
and Rao, 1998), Erdman et al., 2009; Prakash and Kumar (2014) and with an increase in plasma
lipid peroxidation levels (Balestrieri et al., 2004). This protective effect has been mainly
attributed to the carotenoid constituents of the fruits, particularly lycopene and beta-carotene,
which act as antioxidants in detoxifying free radicals (Erdman et al., 2009; Kotíková et al.,
2011). It is reported that both fresh and processed tomatoes constitute significant amounts of
the produced vegetable crops. In addition to the large production values, the tomato is an
important source of antioxidant intake. The essential phytonutrients found in the tomato fruit
are lycopene, β-carotene, α-tocopherol, polyphenols, and ascorbic acid, and antioxidant activity
depends on cultivar, environmental parameters, and method of production and processing. The
ripe tomatoes have important outside quality characteristics: uniform size, red colour, and
good aroma and texture, but these external qualities do not reflect perfectly the nutritional
content.
Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI) has developed a good number of winter and
summer tomato varieties. Since farmers' and consumers' preferences have diverged, more
summer tomato varieties need to be developed. As part of this activity, BARI has developed
some heat-tolerant tomato lines with the help of Asian Food and Agriculture Cooperation
Initiative (AFACI) and World Vegetable Center ( WVC). Now, these lines need to be evaluated
during the summer season to achieve the goals in connection to: i) performance of yield and
yield contributing characters; ii) developing disease resistant inbreds for developing summer
tomato varieties under Bangladesh conditions.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Experimental site
The experiment was conducted at the Olericulture Division of Horticulture Research Centre,
Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Bangladesh. The experimental field was at sub- tropical region of 23.9920o N Latitude and 90.4125o E Longitudes having an elevation of 8.2 m
from sea level.
Treatments and plant materials
Twenty tomato lines / variety [16 WVC lines, 3 local and 1 check variety] were incorporated in
this study. The seeds of 20 tomato lines/ variety [16 WVC lines, 3 local and 1 check variety]
were sown on the polypot on 15 May, 2021. Thirty days old seedlings were transplanted in the
main field on 14 June, 2021.
Land preparation and fertilization
The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block design with three replications.
The unit plot size was 5.0 x 1.0m, maintaining 60 x 50 cm spacing and a 0.5m drain. The
experimental area was enriched with organic manure, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium,
Sulphur, Zinc and Boron @ 3,000, 250, 90, 125, 20, 3 and 2 kg/ha, correspondingly. One third
of the organic manure, 50% of Phosphorus and full of Sulphur, Zinc and Boron were
incorporated for the period of last land-dwelling preparation. Rest of organic fertilizer and
Phosphorus and 1/3 of Potassium were applied as basal in the pit. The entire quantity of
Nitrogen and rest of Potassium were applied in three equal portions beginning 20 days after
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European Journal of Applied Sciences (EJAS) Vol. 10, Issue 6, December-2022
Services for Science and Education – United Kingdom
transplanting. The remaining three portions were fertilized at 20, 40 and 60 days after
transplanting. The intercultural operations (weeding, irrigation, etc.) were done as and when
necessary.
Air temperatures and relative humidity of the experimental area
Under protected conditions, temperatures can be monitored and managed, and better plant
growth could be expected. The protected net house condition influenced the air temperature
and RH. Data for the temperatures and RH were measured at 12 pm daily during the
experimental period. The average minimum and maximum temperatures varied between
25.80C to 36.80C, while relative humidity varied between 62.1% to 81.5 % in day time (Fig 1).
Fig 1. Monthly average air temperature (0c) and relative humidity (%) at 12 hrs during March
2021 to Feb 2022 at Gazipur, Bangladesh
Data collection and statistical analysis
Data on days to first flowing, days to 50% flowing, days to first harvest, days to fruit maturity,
no. of clusters per plant, no. of flower per cluster, no. of fruits/ cluster, no. of fruits/ plant, single
fruit wt. (g), fruit yield/plant (kg), fruit length (cm), fruit diameter (cm), pericarp thickness
(cm), TSS (%), no. of locules, plant height at last harvest (cm), TYLCV (%), and leaf sucking pest
(%) were recorded from three randomly selected plants per plot. The information on different
characters was statistically analyzed. Plot means for 7 quantitative characters were used for
the statistical analysis. Statistical analyses were carried out using R 3.6.3 software.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Significant differences were observed among the 20 tomato lines/varieties of tomato. A wide
range was observed in days to first harvest which was 103.3–111.6 days. The number of flower
per cluster and number of fruit/ cluster are important characters which contribute towards
higher yield, while the range was found to be 4.0-12.5 and 2.1-6.1, respectively (Table 1).
Number of fruits per plant and single fruit weight are the most important traits that are directly
related to increased fruit yield per plant, while the range was 6.0-8.0 and 24.4g–184.9g. The
variation in the number of fruits per plant may be due to genetic differences among the lines
since they were grown under the same environmental conditions. The finding is in agreement
32.5
34.9 34.7 33.7
36.8 36.2 34.4 33.7
30.4
26.3 25.8 27.4
62.1 66.3
76.7 72.8 70.6
76.9 76.2
81.5
68.3 71.2 72.7 70.2
0.0
20.0
40.0
60.0
80.0
100.0
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
March,
2021
April, 2021 May, 2021 June, 2021 July, 2021 August,
2021
September,
2021
October,
2021
November,
2021
December,
2021
January,
2022
February,
2022
RH (%)
Temp (0C)
Monthly average air temperature (0c) and relative humidity (%)
Temp (0C) RH (%)