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European Journal of Applied Sciences – Vol. 10, No. 3
Publication Date: June 25, 2022
DOI:10.14738/aivp.103.12510. Kakou, D, J., Yeo, G., N’Guessan, A. C., Elisée, A. L. D. G., Camara, B., Abo, K., & Kone, D. (2022). Effect of Brassica Oleraceae on
Nematodes Meloidogyne Spp., Parasites of Tomato, in Yamoussoukro in the Center Côte D'ivoire. European Journal of Applied
Sciences, 10(3). 648-658.
Services for Science and Education – United Kingdom
Effect of Brassica Oleraceae on Nematodes Meloidogyne Spp.,
Parasites of Tomato, in Yamoussoukro in the Center Côte D'ivoire
Kakou Didier Junior
Doctorant, Phytopathologiste, Laboratoire de Biotechnologie
Agriculture et Valorisation des Ressources Biologiques
UFR Biosciences, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny
01 BP 7195 Abidjan 01
Yeo Gnénakan
Attaché de Recherche, Phytopathologiste, Centre National
de Recherche Agronomique (CNRA), Station de
Recherche de Ferkessédougou, BP 121 Ferkessédougou, Côte d’Ivoire
N’guessan Aya Carine
Enseignant-Chercheur, Département de Biologie Végétale, UFR Sciences
Biologiques, Université Péleforo Gon Coulibaly, BP 1328 Korhogo
Amari Ler-N’ogn Dadé Georges Elisée
Enseignant-Chercheur, Phytopathologiste-Défense des Cultures
Laboratoire de Biotechnologie, Agriculture et Valorisation des
Ressources Biologiques, UFR Biosciences
Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, 22 BP 582 Abidjan 22
Camara Brahima
Enseignant-Chercheur, Phytopathologiste-Défense des Cultures
Laboratoire de Biotechnologie, Agriculture et Valorisation des
Ressources Biologiques, UFR Biosciences
Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, 22 BP 582 Abidjan 22
Abo Kouabenan
Professeur Titulaire, Phytopathologiste, Institut National
Polytechnique Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Département de
Recherche Agriculture et Ressources Animales (DFR-ARA)
Laboratoire de Phytopathologie et Biologie végétale
BP 1313 Yamoussoukro, Côte d’Ivoire
Kone Daouda
Enseignant-Chercheur, Professeur Titulaire
Phytopathologiste-Défense des Cultures
Laboratoire de Biotechnologie, Agriculture et Valorisation des
Ressources Biologiques, UFR Biosciences
Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, 22 BP 582 Abidjan 22
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Kakou, D, J., Yeo, G., N’Guessan, A. C., Elisée, A. L. D. G., Camara, B., Abo, K., & Kone, D. (2022). Effect of Brassica Oleraceae on Nematodes
Meloidogyne Spp., Parasites of Tomato, in Yamoussoukro in the Center Côte D'ivoire. European Journal of Applied Sciences, 10(3). 648-658.
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/aivp.103.12510
ABSTRACT
Tomatoes, which are still a highly prized commodity in Côte d'Ivoire, are subject to
significant pest pressure from viral diseases, bacterial diseases and pests such as
Meloidogyne spp. Tolerant varieties have been identified in the Yamoussoukro
region of central Côte d'Ivoire. However, the yields obtained, Mongal (3437.5
kg/ha; 4438.75 kg/ha) and F1 Cobra 26 (2412.5 kg/ha; 2973 kg/ha) were average
given the influence of these nematodes on production [1]. In order to control these
pests and improve the yield of ten tomato varieties by alternative control methods
to synthetic pesticides, a study on the use of brassicas as a service plant was
conducted in the Yamoussoukro region. The trial design was a randomised
complete Fisher block design. Observations were made on agronomic parameters,
nematological parameters and yield components. The results of this study revealed
an increase in yield of all tomato varieties grown after the passage of brassicas as
intercrop; that is 3737.50 kg/ha to 12237 kg/ha for net yield and 4305 kg/ha to
14175 kg/ha for potential yield. This yield increase is the result of the nematicidal
effect of Brassicas. However, the best tomato varieties remain Mongal (12237.50
kg/ha; 14175 kg/ha) and F1 Cobra 26 (8150 kg/ha; 9962.50 kg/ha).
Keywords: tomato, Meloidogyne spp., yield, brassica, service plant.
INTRODUCTION
Thanks to its high vitamin and mineral content, the tomato is the most widely consumed
vegetable in the world [2]. In Côte d'Ivoire, market gardening, especially tomato cultivation, is
a lucrative activity for many producers in rural, urban and peri-urban areas and therefore has
a very important socio-economic impact on the population [3-4].
However, tomato cultivation is confronted with significant pest pressure due to root-knot
nematodes. Their damage is very important in vegetable crops because they are formidable
pests [5]. They cause damage leading to more than 60% yield losses and are very polyphagous
[6-7]. Faced with these formidable pests, the control method most used by vegetable farmers is
the use of synthetic pesticides[8]. Unfortunately, synthetic pesticides are a limiting factor for
the environment and humans because they are harmful and toxic. Therefore, alternative control
methods to synthetic pesticides have proven to be effective in some regions of the world. This
is the case of brassicaceae with brown mustard (Brassica juncea) and fodder radish (Raphanus
sativus) which, when used as biofumigants, reduce nematode populations, particularly
Meloidogyne [9]. The use of Tagetes spp. in rotation or in association with susceptible crops has
been shown to reduce the density of nematode populations in the soil and in the roots of host
plants [10] .
In an effort to improve tomato yields through alternative control methods to synthetic
pesticides, the present study aims to evaluate the effect of cabbage (Brassica oleracea) in
rotation and biofumigation on root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) in tomato crops in Côte
d'Ivoire.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Study site
The experimental plot was set up in June 2018 in the locality of Djahakro, about 1 km from the
Félix Houphouët-Boigny National Polytechnic Institute of Yamoussoukro in central Côte
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European Journal of Applied Sciences (EJAS) Vol. 10, Issue 3, June-2022
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d'Ivoire. It is located between 6°13 North latitude and 5°14 West longitude with an altitude of
206 m in the savannah forest transition zone. This area is characterised by a hot and humid
climate. The soils of this region belong to the sub-class of moderately denatured ferralitic soils
[11].
Tomato varieties used
Ten varieties of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) were used to study their behaviour towards
different plant-parasitic nematodes, in particular root-knot nematodes. They were purchased
for F1 Rodeo 62, F1 Cobra 26, UC82B, Mongal and F1 Lindo from 'Semivoire' and from
'Callivoire' for Caraibo, Peto 86 and Petomech. The varieties Roma VF and Rio grande were
purchased from the company "Barnabé".
Brassicaceae varieties used as service plants
The plant material that was used as an intercrop between two cycles of tomato cultivation was
the cabbage variety KK Cross. This variety was obtained from the company "Semivoire".
Cabbage crop management
Nursery Eight cabbage beds were made and each bed was 5 m2 (5 m x 1 m) in size. Each bed
had received 5 g of cabbage seeds, so 40 g of cabbage were used for the nurseries. The cabbage
plants were transplanted 28 days after sowing.
Planting
Varietal screening was carried out and following the tomato crop four months later, the cabbage
was planted. The cabbage was grown on the same plot as the ten tomato varieties tested. The
experimental set-up used was the same as for the varietal screening, a fully randomised Fisher
block design.
For this purpose, transplanting was done four weeks after nursery at the six-leaf stage with 20
plants arranged in a double row of 10 plants on each bed. The planting distance was 0.7m
between rows; 0.5m between plants and 0.5m between beds. There were 1600 cabbage plants
in the plantation.
Management and monitoring of the tomato crop
The cabbage plants left on the plot after harvesting were uprooted and the cabbage leaves and
apple residues were collected and then buried in the beds that had been previously opened
[12]. After burying the plant material, the plot was left to rest for 15 days. The dose of cabbage
leaves applied for burial was 20 kg.ha1
After burying the plant material, the tomato plants of the ten tomato varieties were
transplanted.
Experimental design
The trial was conducted in a completely randomised Fischer block design with 4 replications.
Each block covered an area of 100 m2. The elementary plot consisted of 2 plots of 5 m2 (5 m x
1 m), which was equivalent to two plots for one cultivar. On each bed, a double row of 20 plants
was planted. Each tomato variety had 40 plants in each replication.
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Kakou, D, J., Yeo, G., N’Guessan, A. C., Elisée, A. L. D. G., Camara, B., Abo, K., & Kone, D. (2022). Effect of Brassica Oleraceae on Nematodes
Meloidogyne Spp., Parasites of Tomato, in Yamoussoukro in the Center Côte D'ivoire. European Journal of Applied Sciences, 10(3). 648-658.
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/aivp.103.12510
Measured growth parameters
The following parameters were measured: stem height growth (HT), stem circumference (CT),
duration of the growing cycle and production time.
- Plant height growth was measured with a tape measure from the cotyledonary leaves to the
"V" formed by the last leaves at the top of the plant.
- The circumference of the plants was measured with an electronic caliper at the level of the
collar from 1 cm above the ground.
- The time to first harvest is the interval in days from transplanting to the day of the first harvest
of healthy and mature fruit. This variable is expressed in number of JAR.
- For the determination of yield, the number of fruits per variety was noted. The net yield and
potential yield of each variety were thus calculated by the following formulae [13].
Net yield= [Quantity of healthy fruit (kg)] / [Occupied area (ha)] (1)
Potential yield= [Total quantity of fruit (kg)] / [Occupied area (ha)] (2)
Nematological analyses
The impact of nematodes on plant development and tomato production was assessed by
evaluating the number of nematodes and the root-knot index of each variety after the trial.
Sampling and extraction of nematodes
Sampling consisted of collecting roots from plants of each cultivar in each block likely to show
symptoms due to root-knot nematode attacks. Then, nematode extraction was carried out by
the centrifugation-flotation method using a composite sample of 10 plants, including 10 g of
washed and blenderized roots for each tomato variety
Determination of the gall index and nematode density
The gall index of the root system of tomato varieties is evaluated according to the scale by Zeck
[14]. This index is used to assess root-knot nematode damage. This scale is a rating scale
ranging from 0 to 9 that allows to estimate the severity of root-knot nematode attacks.
Identification and enumeration of nematodes was done from 2 ml of the root extract using an
AMSCOPE optical microscope equipped with a camera. The density of Meloidogyne individuals
in tomato roots was determined by the formula used by Adegbite et al. [15]
Nematode density = [(Number of nematodes × Total volume)/10 g of roots)] × 100 (3)
Statistical analyses: nematological data (nematode population density, gall index) and
agronomic data were subjected to an analysis of variance. In case of significant differences, the
mean values were compared according to the Newman-Keuls test, at the 5% threshold and the
software used was Statistica, version 7.1.
RESULTS
Agronomic parameters
The average stem circumferences showed a significant difference in the varieties grown after
intercropping (P < 0.05). The average stem circumference of tomato changed from 2.96 to 3.46
after the crop rotation with brassicaceae; i.e. an average increase of 16.89%. The varieties
Caraibo and F1 Rodeo 62 recorded average girths of 3.63 cm and 3.65 cm. They are followed by
the varieties Mongal (3.59 cm), Rio grande (3.46 cm), F1 Cobra 26 (3.44 cm) and Roma (3.44
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cm), which had intermediate average circumferences. The lowest average circumference was
recorded by the varieties Peto 86 (3.29 cm) and Petomech (3.29 cm). Finally, the varieties
UC82B and F1 Lindo showed average circumferences of 3.38 cm and 3.40 cm respectively
(Table 1).
The analysis of variance revealed a significant difference between the means of stem height of
the tomato varieties (P < 0.05). The means ranged from 55.36 cm to 66.93 cm. Tomato varieties
such as F1 Rodeo 62, F1 Cobra 26, Mongal, Rio grande and F1 Lindo had mean stem heights of
66.93 cm, 62.91 cm, 62.5 cm, 61.03 cm and 60.98 cm respectively. Roma VF and Caraibo were
the varieties with the lowest stem height values; 55.36 cm and 54.94 cm (Table 1).
Table 1: Morphometric parameters of ten tomato varieties after brassica cultivation
Tomato variety Stem circumference (cm) Stem height (cm)
Caraibo 3,63 ± 0,36 a 54,94 ± 7,06 c
Rodéo 62 F1 3,65 ± 0,41 c 66,93 ± 5,90 c
UC82B 3,38 ± 0,25 ab 58,71 ± 7,63 ab
F1 Lindo 3,4 ± 0,26 bc 60,98 ± 5,97 ab
Roma VF 3,44 ± 0,41 a 55,36 ± 6,25 abc
Peto 86 3,29± 0,39 b 57,36 ± 6,30 a
Rio Grande 3,46 ± 0,45 bc 61,03 ± 8,91 abc
F1 Mongal 3,59 ± 0,32 bc 62,5 ± 5,92 bc
F1 Cobra 26 3,44 ± 0,26 c 62,91 ± 4,45 abc
Petomech 3,29 ± 0,29 ab 58,4875 ± 5,59 a
Average 3,46 59,92
P < 0,0001 < 0,0001
Within the same column, circumferences and stem heights followed by the same letter are not
significantly different according to the Newmann Keuls test at the 5% threshold
Nematological parameters
Concerning the gall index, the analysis of variances revealed a significance between the tomato
varieties (P < 0.05). For the gall index modality, the means ranged from 0.70 to 2.20. The Mongal
variety presented a severity index of 0.70; the least important. It is followed by the F1 variety
Cobra 26 with an average of 1.15. The varieties Petomech and Peto 86 recorded a gall index of
2.20; the highest average value.
A significant difference was observed between the nematode population densities of the
different tomato varieties (P < 0.05). The varieties Petomech, Roma VF and Peto 86 showed
mean densities of 26233.33 individuals per 100 g of roots, 25200 individuals per 100 g of roots
and 23804 individuals per 100 g of roots respectively. Mongal and F1 Cobra 26 were the two
varieties that obtained low average densities; 12409 individuals per 100 g of roots for the
former and 11375 individuals for the latter variety (Table 2).
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Kakou, D, J., Yeo, G., N’Guessan, A. C., Elisée, A. L. D. G., Camara, B., Abo, K., & Kone, D. (2022). Effect of Brassica Oleraceae on Nematodes
Meloidogyne Spp., Parasites of Tomato, in Yamoussoukro in the Center Côte D'ivoire. European Journal of Applied Sciences, 10(3). 648-658.
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/aivp.103.12510
The population densities of plant-parasitic nematodes almost decreased after observation of
the roots of the different varieties grown after the passage of the cabbage crop and its use as a
fumigant. Reduction rates were recorded in the second tomato season for gall index and
population density. The population density of nematodes, which was 89984 in the first crop
cycle, decreased by 78.84% to 19038 individuals. The gall index decreased by 45.55% (Table
3).
Table 2: Nematological parameters of ten tomato varieties after cultivation of brassicaceae
Tomato variety Gall index Meloidogyne spp.
Caraibo 1,48 ± 0,25 ab 15983 ± 4595,02 abc
Rodéo 62 F1 1,13 ± 0,18 ab 16950,00 ± 6437,04 abc
UC82B 1,55 ± 0,27 ab 21133,33 ± 5522,57 cd
F1 Lindo 1,80 ± 0,27 a 16700,00 ± 7328,52 abc
Roma VF 1,7 ± 0,27 a 25200,00 ± 11016,02 d
Peto 86 2,20 ± 0,31 a 23804,17 ± 7879,62 d
Rio Grande 1,35 ± 0,25 ab 20041,67 ± 7702,00 cd
F1 Mongal 0,70 ± 0,12 b 12409,09 ± 2552,82 b
F1 Cobra 26 1,15 ± 0,20 ab 11375,00 ± 4992,93 b
Petomech 2,20 ± 0,28 a 26233,33 ± 8414,09 d
Average 1,53 ± 0,08 19038,24 ± 8353,95
P 0,00018 < 0,0001
In the same column, gall indices and nematode population densities followed by the same letter
are not significantly different according to the Newmann Keuls test at the 5% threshold.
Table 3: Effect of brassicaceae on nematological and morphometric parameters
Modalities Before
brassicaceae
After
brassicaceae
Rate of reduction/Increase (%)
Meloidogyne
spp.(nématodes/100 g
de racines)
89984,9 19038,24 -78,84
Indice de Galle 2,81 1,53 - 45,55
Stem circumference
(cm)
2,96 3,46 16,89
Stem height (cm) 55,37 59,92 8,22
Effect of cabbage on yield parameters
Time to first harvest of tomato varieties
The analysis of variance indicated a significant difference in the time to first harvest (P < 0.05).
The time to first harvest of the different tomato varieties ranged from 63.50 to 74.75 days. All
tomato varieties had an increase in time to first harvest, except for Caraibo and Rio Grande. The
latter saw their time to first harvest reduced by 2 days. The so-called late varieties Caraibo and
Rio grande each recorded 74.75 days to first harvest. However, the so-called early varieties,
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such as Mongal (65.25 days), F1 Cobra 26 (63.50 days), Peto 86 (64.75 days), F1 Lindo (64.5
days) and UC82B (67 days), had lower averages than the late group. Finally, 71.75 JAR and
71.25 JAR are the respective averages of the semi-early varieties Petomech and Roma VF and
F1 Rodeo 62 (Table 4). They are called semi-early. The average time to first harvest increased
by 3.58% (Table 5).
Average fruit number, net yield and potential yield
The analysis of variance showed a significant difference in the fruit production of the different
tomato varieties (P < 0.05). The varieties Mongal and F1 Cobra 26 had the highest average fruit
size with 159 fruits and 134 fruits. The varieties F1 Lindo, Roma VF, Peto 86, Caraibo, UC82B
recorded higher average numbers of fruits than the variety Petomech (53 fruits). The F1
varieties Rodeo 62 and Rio grande showed high fruit values after the varieties Mongal and F1
Cobra 26 (Table 4). The average number of fruits is 90; this is significantly higher than the
average number of fruits in the previous season, which was 59; an increase of 52.37% (Table
5).
The analysis of variance showed significant differences in net yield between the ten varieties
grown in the second season (P < 0.05). However, 12237.50 kg/ha, 8150.00 kg/ha and 7875.00
kg/ha are the highest respective yields of the second tomato season held by the varieties
Mongal, F1 Cobra 26 and F1 Rodeo 62. The variety Caraibo (5387.50 kg/ha) obtained an
average yield of 5387.50 kg/ha. Finally, varieties such as F1 Lindo (5175.00 kg/ha), Rio Grande
(5105.00 kg/ha) and UC82B (5000 kg/ha) have seen their yields improve compared to the
previous crop cycle. The varieties Petomech, Peto 86 and Roma VF recorded a net yield of
4062.50 kg/ha, 4450 kg/ha and 3737.50 kg/ha respectively. Their yields have changed
compared to the previous tomato cycle before the cabbage crop.
In terms of potential yield, the averages ranged from 14175 to 4790 kg/ha. The tomato varieties
with the highest potential yields were Mongal (14175 kg/ha), F1 Cobra 26 (9962 kg/ha) and
F1 Rodeo 62 (9012.50 kg/ha). On the other hand, varieties such as Roma VF (4305 kg/ha), Rio
Grande (4790 kg/ha) showed the lowest potential yields. The other tomato varieties behaved
intermediately between these two first groups (Table 4).
An increase of 71.19% was observed in the second tomato cycle after crop rotation with
cabbage (Table 5).
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Kakou, D, J., Yeo, G., N’Guessan, A. C., Elisée, A. L. D. G., Camara, B., Abo, K., & Kone, D. (2022). Effect of Brassica Oleraceae on Nematodes
Meloidogyne Spp., Parasites of Tomato, in Yamoussoukro in the Center Côte D'ivoire. European Journal of Applied Sciences, 10(3). 648-658.
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/aivp.103.12510
Table 4: Influence of brassica on the behaviour of yield components of ten tomato varieties
Tomato
vatiety
Cycle length
(JAR)
Number of
fruits Net yield (kg/ha) Potentiel yield
(kg/ha)
Caraibo 74,75 ± 3,95 c 79,75 ± 8,52 ab 5387,50 ± 581,08
abc
6475,00 ± 646,94 abc
Rodéo 62 F1 71,25 ± 3,30 b 90,00 ± 14,63 b 7875,00 ± 1032,29
bc
9012,50 ± 1189,08 bc
UC82B 67,00 ± 2,58 a 70,75 ± 23,53 ab 5000,00 ± 489,90 ab 5590,00 ± 629,83 ab
F1 Lindo 64,5 ± 1,29 a 74,00 ± 10,00 ab 5175,00 ± 368,27 ab 6375,00 ± 636,88 abc
Roma VF 71,25 ± 4,03 b 60,75 ± 6,54 ab 3737,50 ± 270,32 a 4305,00 ± 368,79 a
Peto 86 64,75 ± 3,09 a 81,75 ± 4,34 ab 4450,00 ± 206,16 a 5525,00 ± 608,79 ab
Rio Grande 74,25 ± 3,50 c 97,25 ± 5,68 b 5105,00 ± 348,01 ab 6130,00 ± 516,06 ab
F1 Mongal 65,25 ± 2,63 a 159,25 ± 21,55 c 12237,50 ± 1916,53
d
14175,00 ± 2355,88 d
F1 Cobra 26 63,50 ± 1,29 a 134,00 ± 17,07 c 8150,00 ± 1719,74 c 9962,50 ± 2219,55 c
Petomech 71,75 ± 5,31 b 53,75 ± 8,53 a 4062,50 ± 555,79 a 4790,00 ± 661,19 a
Average 68,825 90,13 6118 7234
P < 0,0001 < 0,0001 < 0,0001 < 0,0001
In the same column, means followed by the same letter are not significantly different according
to the Newmann Keuls test at the 5% threshold
JAR: Jour après répiquage
Table 5: Effect of brassicaceae on yield components
Modalitie Before
brassicaceae
After
brassicaceae
Rate of increase (%)
Cycle length (JAR) 66,45 68,83 3,58
Number of fruits 59,15 90,13 52,37
Average net yield (kg/ha) 3573,85 6118 71,19
Average potential yield
(kg/ha)
4438,75 7234 62,97
DISCUSSION
The practice of crop rotation with cabbage as a service plant has shown positive effects on
plant-parasitic nematode population density, morphometric parameters and yield
components. The brassica family from which cabbage (KK cross) is derived is known for its
nematicidal properties [16].
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Indeed, the increase in height and width of tomato plants can be explained by the fact that
compounds such as glucosinolate transformed after hydrolysis act on nematodes; this
stimulated the production of healthy roots capable of supplying tomato plants with water and
mineral salts [17].
Compared to the gall index observed in the previous cropping cycle, crop rotation with cabbage
and its incorporation into the soil reduced the pest pressure. This reduction led to a regression
of the previously high gall index [1]. The nematicidal action of this service plant has been shown
to stop the development of nematodes and their multiplication.
It is said to act in the same way as mustard, which produces volatile compounds such as
glucosinolates that are transformed into thiocyanates and isothiocynates after hydrolysis by
the enzyme, myronase [18]. Also, cabbage has been used as a biofumigant incorporated into
the soil after grinding at the end of the harvest. This service plant showed a soil sanitising effect
resulting in a decrease in Meloidogyne spp. populations. The reduction of the Meloidogyne
genus in the roots of the ten tomato varieties after the passage of the brassicas is linked to the
nematode regulating effect of the cabbage. Indeed, similar results were observed by Dias- Arieira et al. [19] who showed a considerable reduction of Meloidogyne incognita and
Meloidogyne javanica populations using a service plant named Brachiara brizanta, in a crop
rotation with tomato.
Regarding the yield components, the reduction of root-knot nematode populations had a
positive effect, resulting in an increase in the yield components of tomato. All cultivated tomato
varieties had their growing cycle influenced. This improvement in the crop cycle caused good
vegetative development [20]. The average number of fruits per variety increased according to
the different tomato varieties.
Indeed, the contribution of this plant contributes to improve the sanitary state of the tomato
crop by reducing the parasitic pressure on the soil and by favouring the biological balance. This
leads to a better growth of tomato plants with high fruit production. The practice of growing
cabbage combined with the incorporation of the shredded material as an amendment has
enabled the soil to be softened by its root system and then to be cleaned up. These two actions
combined make it possible to increase soil fertility [21]. This has been shown to increase yields
and production time of different tomato varieties. The incorporation of cabbage above-ground
biomass into the soil would appear to have influenced the nitrogen content, resulting in higher
yields than the previous tomato crop [1]. As the health status of tomato roots improved with
the significant reduction of plant-parasitic nematodes and their symptoms, tomato plants were
able to absorb nutrients for growth and fruit formation. This assertion is supported by Barea et
al., [22], who state that the optimal growth of a plant as well as its yield depends on the health
of its roots being able to efficiently explore the soil, thus ensuring a good hydromineral supply.
Moreover, the biological activity of the soil is better in the presence of service plants. Some
authors such as Blanchart et al. (2006) and Dupont et al. (2009) [23-24], attest that the
installation of a service plant increases soil biodiversity.
However, the improvement in yields of tomato varieties was made possible by the extension of
the production period influenced by the cabbage crop.
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Kakou, D, J., Yeo, G., N’Guessan, A. C., Elisée, A. L. D. G., Camara, B., Abo, K., & Kone, D. (2022). Effect of Brassica Oleraceae on Nematodes
Meloidogyne Spp., Parasites of Tomato, in Yamoussoukro in the Center Côte D'ivoire. European Journal of Applied Sciences, 10(3). 648-658.
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/aivp.103.12510
CONCLUSION
This study demonstrated the nematicidal activity of cabbage of the Brassicaceae family. This
service plant indirectly reduced the populations of Meloidogyne spp. and improved the yields
of different varieties in tomato cultivation. After soil sanitation, tomato varieties such as
Mongal, F1 Cobra 26 and F1 Rodeo 62 showed better yields.
In developing strategies for the control of root-knot nematodes, it would be wise to consider
the use of brassicaceae either as leaves to be incorporated into the soil or as an intercrop of the
crops of interest that are hosts of the nematodes.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We would like to thank the World Bank for the support given to the students of the Centre d'
Excellence Africain sur le Changement Climatique, la Biodiversitéet l’Agriculture Durable (CEA- CCBAD) and the Fonds Compétitif pour l'Innovation Agricole Durable (FCIAD) for the funding
of field research activities.
References
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(Solanum lycopersicum L.) in Yamoussoukro in the center of Côte d’Ivoire. International Journal of Current.
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