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European Journal of Applied Sciences – Vol. 10, No. 1
Publication Date: February 25, 2022
DOI:10.14738/aivp.101.11758. Islam, M. N., Khatton, A., Sarker, J., Sikder, H. A., & Chowdhury, A. M. S. (2022). Preparation of Yarn by Blending of Etherified Jute
Fibre with Natural and Synthetic Fibre. European Journal of Applied Sciences, 10(1). 544-549.
Services for Science and Education – United Kingdom
Preparation of Yarn by Blending of Etherified Jute Fibre with
Natural and Synthetic Fibre
M. Nurul Islam
Chemistry Division, Bangladesh Jute Research Institute
Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh
Ayesha Khatton
Chemistry Division, Bangladesh Jute Research Institute
Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh
Jahid Sarker
Chemistry Division, Bangladesh Jute Research Institute
Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh
Helena Akhter Sikder
Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Technology
Dhaka University, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
A. M. Sarwaruddin Chowdhury
Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Technology
Dhaka University, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
ABSTRACT
Yarns were prepared by blending of the etherified jute fibre in different
combination with cotton, rayon, polyester and silk waste. A blend of 50:50 for each
fibre component was prepared with 50% of the etherified jute fibre respectively
and 30 tex yarns from each blend was produced using the ring spinnig fame. The
physical properties of these yarns were determined with respect to the same
numbered yarns of cotton. The 50% of the etherified jute fibre in the blends
produced yarns having tenacities between 10.9 to 11.9 (g/tex) which are very much
comparable to tenacity 11.5 (g/tex) of the same numbered cotton yarns. The
breaking elongation 6.2 to 6.4%, moduli between 181 to 184 (g/tex) and count
strength product 1605 to 1638 of the yarns from etherified jute & cotton and
etherified jute and rayon in the ratio of 50:50 were almost similar to the respective
properties 6.6 %, 171(g/tex) and 1694 of the same numbered cotton yarn. The
breaking elongation of yarns from etherified jure and polyester and etherified jute
and silk were much higher between 12.4 to 12.7% which were due to highly
extensible polyester and silk fibres in the combination.
Keywords: Etherification, blended yarns, Breaking Elongation, Modulli, Count Strength
Product.
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Islam, M. N., Khatton, A., Sarker, J., Sikder, H. A., & Chowdhury, A. M. S. (2022). Preparation of Yarn by Blending of Etherified Jute Fibre with Natural
and Synthetic Fibre. European Journal of Applied Sciences, 10(1). 544-549.
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/aivp.101.11758
INTRODUCTION
Jute is called the golden fibre of Bangladesh. Jute is a natural fibre which suffers as a textile
fibres for inherent defects which limit its spinning to course yarn to produce coarse packing
cloths [1, 2, 3]. Cotton and jute occupy the first and second places, respectively, in terms of
world production levels of cellulosic fibres [4, 5]. However, compared with cotton, the
diversified application of jute has been greatly handicapped due to the inherent shortcomings
of the fibre [6]. Partial removal of non-cellulosic components of jute fibre to improve its
characteristics has recently been a subject of much interest. During microbial or chemical
retting [7], only waxy and pectic substances are mostly removed, resulting in the ordinary fibre
filament for commercial use [8]. Jute fibre blends with cotton and other natural and synthetic
fibres have been high lighted as one of the main outlets for jute towards an entirely new sector
of the textile furnishing and apparel industries [9]. To generate the more profits from jute and
jute blended products, appropriate commercially feasible technologies must be developed to
overcome the problems associated with the processing of jute and jute blended products [10,
11]. The etherified jute fibre was mechanically processed and blends with cotton, rayon,
polyester and silk to make fine yarns and their properties of the yarns were reported [12, 13].
Different yarns samples were prepared with the blended etherified jute fibre in different
combination with cotton, rayon, polyester and silk waste. The mechanical properties of these
yarns were determined to observed their serviceability in practical usages and to ascertain
their suitability in practical as jute blended cotton and synthetic fibres [14,15].By blending jute
fibre with cotton and other natural and synthetic fibre, the problem can be somewhat alleviated
by the cotton component, however, the blended yarn on its own does not fulfill the
requirements of apparel or furnishing fabrics, especially when the jute content is relatively high
in the blend[16,17].The present work was, therefore undertaken to prepare the yarns from the
blends of etherified jute fibre with natural and synthetic fibres, such as cotton, rayon, polyester
and silk waste and to assess their physico-mechanical properties and to use for diverse textile
sectors.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Preparation of yarn
Yarn was made by blending of the etherified jute with cotton, rayon, polyester and silk fibre
respectively following the standard processing system - cotton system spinning. The jute
staples prepared after cutting the long jute into a length of 35 mm were processed like cotton.
The etherified jute fibres were cut into a length of 35 mm. using a cutting machine. The jute
staple so made were processed through the mechanical processing units of a miniature cotton
spinning count (30 tex) was prepared by blending the etherified jute.
Preparation of Jute-Cotton blended yarn
The etherified jute staples were blended with cotton in the ratio of 50: 50 respectively. The
fibres of the jute staples were individualized by passing through the opener machine and were
then mixed up with cotton samples in the required proportions, which were then processed in
the mini carding machine. Several passages through the carding machine were made for
intimate blending of the component fibres. The card slivers were then fed to the mini drawing
machine and were spun to 30 tex yarns.
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Preparation of Jute-Rayon blended yarn
The etherified jute fibre and rayon filaments were stapled separately into equal length of 35
mm and were processed through the mini carding machine. A blend (50:50) of jute - rayon was
prepared and 30 tex yarns were spun.
Preparation of Jute-Polyester blended yarn
The spinning of 30 tex yarn form the jute - polyester blend (50:50) was made possible with
some modification of the process. The blend was carded well, but condensing of webs to slivers
were done with difficulty. Several passages through the mini carding machine necessary for
better mixing of the fibre components before 8 uniform slivers. Sometimes doubling of the
slivers was needed to process in the mini drawing frame in order to get even densities of roving
in the mini process machine. The yarn were prepared successfully in the ring frame having the
same draft and bobin speed.
Preparation of Jute-Silk-Rayon blended yarn
The silk filaments were collected from Seri-culture Institute, Rajshahi. The staples of the
etherified jute fibre were blended with the silk fibre and for better carding some rayon staples
were mixed up. The sliver finally contains jute-silk-rayon in the ratio of 10:80:10 respectively,
from which 30 tex yarn was spun.
Measurement of Count
210 yards of yarn in length winding on the laboratory reeling frame were weighed and an
average of ten such readings was taken to measure the count of the yarn. The yarn counts
measured in both jute system i.e. number of pounds in 14400 yards and cotton system i.e.
number of hanks (840 yards) in a pound were expressed in the International unit of ‘Tex' which
measures number of grams in one kilo meter length of the yarn. The count in tex was taken as
a measure of linear density of the yarn.
Measurement of Tensile Properties
The yarns were tested in Instron Tensile Tester for measurement of the tensile properties
which included tenacity, breaking elongation and initial modulus at 1% elongation. For each
experimental value, 10 yarn samples were tested with the tensile tester machine at 10 cm gauge
length with a pretension load of 0.4N and at a constant rate of elongation, 5 cm per minute.
The Count-Strength Product (CSP)
The concept CSP may be used to derive an index by which the spinning quality of a fibre or the
spinning efficiency of system may be assessed. It was obtained as the product of cotton count
and Lea strength of the yarn. A hank of yarn, with its starting and finishing ends knotted, was
placed over the hooks of the Lea tester, pendulum lever type, made by Good brand & Co Ltd. As
the lower hook descends a load was imposed on the loops of the yarns constituting the hank.
The maximum load to break all the threads unraveling the hank was indicated on the dial, which
was the 'Lea strength' of the hank.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The etherified jute fibres were stapled to match the cotton staples and were mixed together in
the ratio of 50:50. Careful attention was paid to have regular web formation during carding,
which ensured uniform blending of the fibre components of the blend. The properties of the
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Islam, M. N., Khatton, A., Sarker, J., Sikder, H. A., & Chowdhury, A. M. S. (2022). Preparation of Yarn by Blending of Etherified Jute Fibre with Natural
and Synthetic Fibre. European Journal of Applied Sciences, 10(1). 544-549.
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/aivp.101.11758
blended yarn have been shown in table 1. It is seen from table 1 that 50:50 blend of etherified
jute and cotton give yarns having its mechanical properties very much close to 100% cotton
indicating better compatibility of the mixed up component fibres. The etherified jute fibre and
rayon fibre were mixed up in a comparatively better form than any other blends, which was
probably due to the individual fibre characteristics of both the fibre staples in achieving
intimate blending. The yarn properties have been shown in table 2.It is seen from table 2 that
the properties of the jute/rayon blended yarn are mostly similar to those of the etherified
jute/cotton blended yarn. The rayon staples being regenerated cellulosic fibres seemed to have
similar compatibility for inter-mingling with the etherified jute fibre like cotton. The blending
of etherified jute with polyester staples was a unique achievement, although the process was
difficult. The success was very effectively made to mix up 50% of the etherified jute fibre with
50% of polyester fibre to produce very regular yarn. The properties of the blended yarn have
been shown in table 3.Mixing of the etherified jute with silk only was difficult, which was
overcome by adding up to 10% rayon staple with the blend. Finally the blend having 10%
etherified jute, 10% rayon and 80% silk seemed to be comparatively more uniform and yarn
having count 30 tex was spun on ring frame. The properties of the yarn have been shown in
table 4 It will be seen from the table- 4 that the properties of Etherified Jute-Silk-Rayon blended
yarn are very much comparable to those of the blended yarn from Etherified Jute-Polyester.
Jute-Silk was made with some success, but the quality of this yarn was too irregular to report.
This was due to very unequal distribution of the fibre components in the yarn cross section,
which was however improved when rayon staples up to 10% were incorporated in the fibre
combination. The yarns made from the etherified jute fibre and its blends with cotton, rayon,
polyester and silk waste show a very good prospect of performance, as they are comparable to
the structure of cotton yarns. From this finding, it will be created a new arena of jute used as a
textile fibre for diverse use of textile sector.
CONCLUSION
The etherified jute fibre and its blending products are promising materials for the diverse use
of textile sectors in comparison with other fibres. Yarns were prepared by blending of the
etherified jute fibre in different combination with cotton, rayon, polyester and silk waste. A
blend of 50:50 for each fibre component was prepared with 50% of the etherified jute fibre
respectively and 30 tex yarns from each blend was produced using the ring spinnig fame. The
physical properties of yarns from etherified jure blends with other natural and synthetic fibres
were much very much close to the cotton fibre
References
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Islam, M. N., Khatton, A., Sarker, J., Sikder, H. A., & Chowdhury, A. M. S. (2022). Preparation of Yarn by Blending of Etherified Jute Fibre with Natural
and Synthetic Fibre. European Journal of Applied Sciences, 10(1). 544-549.
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/aivp.101.11758
Table -1. Properties of etherified jute-cotton blended yarn (Linear density = 30 tex)
Yarn sample Tenacity (g/tex) Elongation at
break (%)
Initial Modulus
(g/tex)
CSP
Jute/Cotton
50/50
11.1 6.2 184 1638
Cotton 100% 11.5 6.6 171 1694
Table –2 Properties of etherified jute-rayon blended yarn (Linear density = 30 tex)
Yarn sample Tenacity
(g/tex)
Elongation at
break (%)
Initial Modulus
(g/tex)
CSP
Jute/Rayon
50/50
10.9 6.4 181 1605
Table- 3 Properties of etherified jute-polyester blended yarn (Linear density = 30 tex)
Yarn sample Tenacity (g/tex) Elongation at
break (%)
Initial Modulus
(g/tex)
CSP
Jute-polyester
50/50
11.9 12.7 147 1613
Table-4 Properties of etherified jute, silk and rayon blended yarn fibre (Linear density = 30
tex)
Yarn sample Tenacity
(g/tex)
Elongation at
break (%)
Initial Modulus
(g/tex)
CSP
Jute-Silk-Rayon
10:80:10
11.2 12.4 150 1682