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European Journal of Applied Sciences – Vol. 10, No. 1

Publication Date: February 25, 2022

DOI:10.14738/aivp.101.11419. Verardi, F. (2022). The Sustainable Development of a Large Area. A Case Study: Kratos 2020. European Journal of Applied Sciences,

10(1). 120-125.

Services for Science and Education – United Kingdom

The Sustainable Development of a Large Area. A Case Study:

Kratos 2020

Ferdinando Verardi

Full Professor in Urban Planning and Technique, Pegaso Telematic University

ABSTRACT

Applied experience of democratic participation during a multi-agent integrated

planning, organized from the bottom up in a territorial mosaic of Vast Area. The

debate was feed through the weaker and local actors of governance (understood as

"conversation", landscape), feeding awareness, and improve of endogenous

processes of sustainable development. The Strategic Plan as a conscious mode to

dilate time, and not like a final goal, a spontaneous harmonious link between

hierarchies of the territorial attraction centers. A polycentrism of continuity and

proximity to the creation of a territorial identity that leans on the environmental

and cultural strategy to is determine. A real experience inspired by non- deterministic theoretical scientific approaches (and subordinated to the result);

but it based on democratic ideals, while respecting the role of the institutions,

ensuring a high value to the cardinal principle of consultation between the

government bodies at various levels and encouraging their participation in the

territory in a planned and orderly manner in respect of all local actors. The

experience is certainly interesting for today's and future operators who will

contribute to enhancing the sustainable development of the area, finding utopian

guide and inspiration for democratization processes, with the hope that it can

become a concrete best practice for developing good democracy and the

determination of a coordinated and strategic planning of territories within the

European Economic Space.

Keywords: Strategic planning, Democratic participation, Multi-agent planning.

THE OBJECTIVES OF THE STRATEGIC PLAN

The main objective of the strategic plan is to build in a shared way the future of the "Valle del

Crati", which encompasses the territory of Kratos. To this end, the strategic planning method is

aimed at facilitating the understanding, dialogue and research of solutions through the

continuous interaction among the development actors, favoring and facilitating the creation of

structured participatory practices-seminars, work tables, projects-in land management. The

Strategic Plan is a long-term program, born for the renewal of the old industrial cities, through

the analysis of problems, dynamics, tensions and opportunities in the area, identified,

monitored and developed, in order to build global solutions and complete. It is useful to

reiterate that strategic planning is an organizational process necessary to define a strategy or

the direction to take in order to make decisions on the allocation of resources. In this direction

lies the great opportunity offered for this area by the work presented here. Thinking about the

"Valley of the Crati" through Kratos means elaborating shared "visions" (in the sense of shared

vision of Lefebvrist social space), thinking, structuring and managing services not in reference

to the single city, but able to go beyond the boundaries of the municipal boundaries, producing

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Verardi, F. (2022). The Sustainable Development of a Large Area. A Case Study: Kratos 2020. European Journal of Applied Sciences, 10(1). 120-125.

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/aivp.101.11419

economies of scale capable of helping to contrast the crisis (from an economic, social,

environmental and institutional point of view), making the territories more efficient and able

to offer greater opportunities for development and wellbeing for those who live there. In fact,

several studies show that in Europe and in the world, it is precisely the territorial systems (of a

large area like Kratos), and no longer the single cities or metropolitan area, as happened in the

past, to compete and generate development projected over time. The strategic plan is one of the

most important innovations concerning the urban and territorial rules, is now one of main

approach to challenges for the planning and development of all those territories that focus on

enhancing their resources and their own peculiarities. In Europe PS emerged in the 1990s, and

the tendence is orienting in the Reticular Structure or global model, like in Turin and Barcelona

(it is not the representation of the city that determines the explication of the process, but the

network)[1].

Fig. 1. Brand mark of KRATOS

KRATOS 2020 IS A DISCOURSE BETWEEN ACTORS

In Kratos experience the planning work coordinated by the various actors of governance whit

a dialogic approach at the different levels of administration, whit ability to be self- determination within a long process of comparison for the construction about a preventive

work (not for necessity). It is a widespread area in adjacent to urban core of Cosenza (areas

with anthropic intensity that orbits around a well-defined identity system and especially

recognized to exogenous operators in the system). The Vast Area Kratos is in adjacent (to the

Urban Area of Cosenza) a political system and managerial relations with a greater formal and

substantial structure in relation to the area in question (Kratos), and compared to

superordinate governance. Identification that acquired the Urban Area of Cosenza (“Urban

Area”) in the hierarchy of "attracting centers" finds its natural territorial expression in the Valle

del Crati, rediscovering spontaneously the potential needed to rebalance with respect to the

rest of the relational systems on a provincial and regional scale. The local institutional relations

system of PS Kratos is not a competition whit other political configuration of the Urban Area,

non-induced but spontaneous processes from below, and greater contractual effectiveness with

regard to higher-level of governance. In the practice of european PS the analisis of competitors

between city is important, but in Kratos there isen't city and competivity, but there is

convergence in a territory. Kratos develops organically as a territorial device capable of being

identified globally (natural territorial invariant). With greater clarity because it is free from the

human relationships of the local border power. The polycentrism of the Urban Area is

reinforced by the natural conceptual projection along the Crati river, finding energy to be able

to relate to the European economic space, maintaining a natural role in the Mediterranean

space and therefore becoming more attractive and competitive the whole area "Urban Area of

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Cosenza - Crati Valley" (all areas guarantees the existence of the other), in the general

framework of the hierarchies of the global attractions. In Turin there is network of relations on

the global framework, in Kratos the area of existence is related at the national framework, whit

a connotation of the infrastructural picture balanced to the diagram of the

centralities/economic resources (approach of London PS). The plasticity of the natural

ecological corridor along the is expanding the time compared to the constraints of the central

power, and is most appealing to "non-economic speculation", but to human relations, viability

and substantial sustainability beyond mesh of the economy constrictive. The territorial gadget

"Kratos", therefore becomes a process that has produced the shared idea of a Strategic Plan, a

functional, permeable, and implementable tool for planning according to good democratic

practices, through an ever-open instrument of consultation. Through this systemic of land

management, not a clear mission but sequence of Cooperative-Action matured afther process

of analisis, it is was easier to identify the different planning activities by putting them into

system,with a greater understanding of the different punctual works within the PS, and

therefore able to attract funding and further projections for a sustainable tourism development.

The spontaneous experience of the Kratos Strategic Plan becomes a substantial link for

transnational development scenarios, an example of self-government that can self-perpetuate,

demonstrating its capacity to manage its territory. A search of rebalancing beyond the

"phenomenon of attraction" like Bilbao or Barcelona goal reached by the Olympics, Kratos is

awareness of its local potential and capacity to work in the following phases of design,

identifying regulatory, financial instruments, but also the most appropriate

technical/administrative forms to define the next design and execution phases, in order to

clarify the best performance form of exogenous technical operators the government system,

and to ensure proper administrative control over the whole process. In this scenery, it becomes

easier to implement the intervention of other stakeholders in the territory, in order to ensure

comparison and participation in government decisions, protecting local actors as active,

solidarity, and promoting synergies and competitive contexts among stakeholders exogenous,

as has already been the case for the most interesting Strategic Plans in Europe with the open to

global cultural debate.

Vision

The Strategic Plan can become a means for best practice, and an interpreter of a possible path

of sustainable development of cities spread in the "Urban Area". A Territorial Area gadget

capable of overturning the concept of "city to the landscape", placing the protagonist role in the

territory as compared to densely anthropized areas. Kratos communicates itself with a

journalistic[2] but not a publicistic approach (Roger Brunet 2003) with a lever in the

ethical/ecological revolution, the PS is simple, permeable instrument that easily fits in the

development scenarios and national coordination of metropolitan cities. Following modern

regeneration of the territory, with the care of Security and Accessibility to the urban system, in

a polycentric framework of densely anthropic sites. Intermodality care in keeping with the

authenticity of local values, but also sociality and landscape viable, with a general framework

of governance, capable to analyze the processes and interpreting proper administrative control,

in the space of actors of Democracy. The "Open Tool Kratos" is so spontaneous contribution of

local actors for the harmonious development of places, cultural heritage is effective because

dialectical and democratic debate in a scientific framework with deterministic approach. A

sensible instrument, permeated by human and social values, so as to increase the opportunities

of solidarity and equality, ensuring that the instrument remains a means and not an objective,

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Verardi, F. (2022). The Sustainable Development of a Large Area. A Case Study: Kratos 2020. European Journal of Applied Sciences, 10(1). 120-125.

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/aivp.101.11419

inclusive and in the hands of the Men. Among the new missions of the strategic plan, the

missions are pursued to be able to combine the strongly cultural significance of the landscape

with its strongly "strategic" re-consideration (consistently with the contents emerging from the

European Landscape Convention fully implemented by the regional urban planning law 19/02

of “Regione Calabria” and reported in the Regional Territorial Framework), through which

landscape and territory become an indispensable resource for the creation of employment

opportunities, development and social welfare. Following the "discourse", understood as the

still open landscape, so far undertaken by PS Kratos.

TALE (DISCOURSE) OF THE STRATEGIC PLAN WITH IMAGES

Fig. 2. A concrete bottom-up experience with a multi-agent integrated planning able to ensure

endogenous coordination and development for the use of financial resources, as well as being a

good practice of addressing the planning and usability of local resources for even exogenous

players to the system. A planning of work among local actors in the area concerned, with a clear

vision of the territorial framework of territorial management by the superordinate

governance, guaranteed the strategic decision-making process an operational coordination

that facilitated horizontal and vertical consultation by the local public bodies and actors

involved.

Fig. 3. With a clear Large Area framework by local administrators, the spontaneous process of

planning It's guaranteed, in a consciousness sustainability key and with an endogenous

development path, rebuilding a territorial identity capable of developing its own development

idea. The actors of the area find out clearly the "scenic space" in which "to play", in respect of

their institutional role, proceed to a project of territorial planning, intended to discourse

(landscape) in which to create their own conceptual space in respect of the superordinate

organs

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Fig. 4. Working on the weaknesses of the integrated system, it was possible to set up a work

that involves the assessment, control and environmental management authorities at the

various stages of the decision-making process

Fig. 5. A timely and coordinated design between the different "dots" of the territorial mosaic

(eleven communities), guaranteed the technical and administrative sustainability of the overall

proposal of the Kratos Strategic Plan, an integrated design that is perfectly integrated in the

general framework of territorial infrastructures, and ensures the systematic nature of local

works within a framework of overall territorial sustainability of public works proposed within

the PS. An operational transparency of the administrative machine, which best proposes the

whole territory in a national strategic framework. With this work, it becomes easier to

intercept new finances for the development of planning at an over-municipal level, and in a

Vast Area framework by encouraging permeability to the system for development that is free

from the administrative boundary, but at the same time in harmony with it.The created

administrative system becomes a "gadget" that qualifies the territory, making it attractive for

private investment, because it is retrained and well coordinated from a functional point of

view. The quality in terms

Of overall sustainability of the strategic projects set up, guarantees the investor’s security

because it locates an overview of the local PA, and has a capacity to control and manage decision

making processes when it comes to becoming.

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Verardi, F. (2022). The Sustainable Development of a Large Area. A Case Study: Kratos 2020. European Journal of Applied Sciences, 10(1). 120-125.

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/aivp.101.11419

Fig. 6. The clear knowledge of local administrators of its territory, has allowed us to play the

role which is appropriate within the vast area where the Strategic Plan, identifying the

strategic interventions needed to develop the Route of Identification some "Urban Area"

toward "Valle del Crati", entering into a logic of overall competitiveness of the two systemized

areas in the provincial and regional context

References

[1]. KRATOS is not a compact city (like Barcelona), but a compact management of resources (preventive approach),

avoiding high environmental costs that are objected in the mature scientific debate about PS (Bertuglia, Stanghellini,

and Staricco, 2003). KRATOS is an early response to the phenomenon of De-urbanization (with phenomena of

hourglass social structure) in relation to single city projections in the urban area of Cosenza. A way of solution for

homogeneous redistribution of regular work, and trying to avoid the phenomenon of "haves not" (impossibility in

having systems of communication in contemporary cities). Kratos can increase a gentrification (balanced)

phenomenon in the historical centers depopulated orbiting the river Crati, and creation of valuable economic

activities in the tertiary sector (very high cultural quality). Phenomenon driven by the growth of innovation in

transport and communication (Detragiache 1995, 1998). Kratos does not debate on the urban environment but on

the territory, as it declaims in the mature scientific debate of the PS (Tomazinis 1985, Bertuglia, Bianchi and Mela

1998, Bertuglia and Ceretto Castigliano 2000), using the most correct supralocal scale (Peano, Spaziante and Ciaffi

2002). Kratos intersects urban factors and planning tools (Bertuglia 2002, Champion 2002, Davico and others 2002,

Guerois and Pumain 2002, Haag 2002, Peano, Spaziante and Ciaffi 2002). The PS Kratos is analogous to the PS 'Area

Nord of Milan and Piacenza (48 municipalities of the province involved) for reticular structuring between

institutions (www.asnm / www / futuro / index.HTML /. Kratos' approach is similar to the strategic plan of Turin

(Torino Internazionale), but don’t have a financial speculative approach, because it seeks its own "sincere" approach

to the principles of sustainability (Cavallaro 2000).

[2]. Partecipate process in comunication (Pulsifier e Taylor 2005, Gibelli 1996, Ames 1998, Pumain, Saunders, Saint- Julien 1989, Pareglio 2000), and ability to self-criticism (Bobbio L. 1994) - Like PS of London 2008 in map of net for

the green spaces london.gov.uk/thelondonplan; PS of Lione map educational and ecological urban area

millenarie3.com; banner in Barcellona.bcn2000.es; brand map in PS of Rimini comune.rimini.it.