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European Journal of Applied Sciences – Vol. 9, No. 5
Publication Date: October 25, 2021
DOI:10.14738/aivp.95.10969. Yao, K. (2021). The Unification of Gravitational Field and Electromagnetic Field. European Journal of Applied Sciences, 9(5). 272-
288.
Services for Science and Education – United Kingdom
The Unification of Gravitational Field and Electromagnetic Field
Kexin Yao
Institute of Mechanical Engineering of Shaanxi Province
Room 1-7-1, Staff Building, Xi’an Metering Institution, No.12
Laodong South Road Xian, 710068 P. R. China
ABSTRACT
It is pointed out that the magnetic field is not an independent real substance and it
is considered that the electromagnetic field containing non-material magnetic field
cannot establish a unified field theory with the gravitational field of the real
substance. Through analysis, it is concluded that the so-called magnetic field is
essentially a motion state of the electric field. The magnetic field is defined as the
electric field contracting in motion. According to this definition, the Biot-Savart,
Lorentz force, electromagnetic induction, displacement current and Ampere loop
laws are deduced and proved. Through the experimental results of electrostatic
field around the permanent magnet, it is proved that the magnetic field is indeed
the electric field contracting in motion. It is believed that the electrostatic field is
similar to the static gravitational field, the electric field contracting in motion can
be defined as a magnetic field, and the gravitational field contracting in motion can
also be defined as a similar contraction field, so that the electromagnetic field is
completely similar to the gravitational contraction field, and the unification of the
two fields is an inevitable result.
Keywords: electric field, magnetic field, gravitational field, gravitational contraction field,
unified field theory, special theory of relativity, fundamental laws of electromagnetics
INTRODUCTION
An object transmits gravitational force to another object through a gravitational field; an
electrified body or an object containing a current transmits electromagnetic force to another
electrified body or an object containing a current through an electromagnetic field. This fact
means that the field is the medium of force transmission. People are convinced that the fields
in nature are unified, and that the gravitational field and electromagnetic field should have
common nature and law, that is, gravitational field and electromagnetic field are unified. For
the past 100 years, many people have tried to establish a unified field theory to unify the
expression of the gravitational field and the electromagnetic field in unity, but they have not
succeeded. As we all know, it is impossible to build a solid building without foundation.
Similarly, the establishment of a unified field theory must also have a scientific and true physical
foundation. That is to say, both existing gravitational and electromagnetic field theories must
reflect the real feature of the field. For a hundred years, the unified field theory has not been
established, which means that there must be a theory of the gravitational field and the
electromagnetic field that fails to reflect the real feature of the field. Since the theory of the
gravitational field is very simple and clear, it can be speculated that the electromagnetic field
theory has not yet scientifically and truly reflected the essence of the electromagnetic field.
Firmly believing this speculation and analyzing the electromagnetic field theory carefully, we
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Yao, K. (2021). The Unification of Gravitational Field and Electromagnetic Field. European Journal of Applied Sciences, 9(5). 272-288.
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/aivp.95.10969
can find that there are indeed many defects and problems in the current electromagnetic
theory. The most critical principle issues are three: 1. Electromagnetics proposes that current
generates a magnetic field. Obviously, this view fails to explain with what physical action the
current generates a magnetic field in space, or this view does not clarify what is the intrinsic
reason for the magnetic field generated at a certain point in space. It is clearly an anti-scientific
view of action at a distance that the current generates magnetic field; 2. Electromagnetics
concludes that a permanent magnet is surrounded by a magnetic field which can extend to
infinity. Therefore, when the magnet rotates, the further away from the center of rotation, the
faster the magnetic field rotates. At a certain distance, the magnetic field can rotate faster than
the velocity of light; in the infinite distance of the magnetic field, the rotation velocity can even
be infinite. Such inference clearly violates the principle of constant velocity of light. Since the
velocity of motion of real substance cannot be greater than the velocity of light, but the velocity
of motion of a magnetic field can be greater than the velocity of light, this definitely shows that
the magnetic field cannot be a real substance; 3. General laws of physics can make the necessary
physical explanations, such as Archimedes' Law, Ohm's Law, and so on. However, all the laws
of electromagnetics including electromagnetic induction, displacement current, Biot-Savart
law, Lorentz force law, etc. are summaries of experimental results, and have not given physical
explanation of the generation of these laws. It should be considered that the physical laws with
unknown causes do not meet the basic requirements of scientific physics. Due to the above
three principled problems, it can be judged that the electromagnetic field theory cannot truly
reflect the nature of the field, which makes the unified field theory lose its reliable theoretical
basis. Consequently, the failure to establish the unified field theory is inevitable. Obviously, the
establishment of a unified field theory begins with the establishment of a scientifically true
theory of electromagnetics, which must explain with what current generates magnetic fields;
to prove that the magnetic field cannot rotate, it is necessary to clarify and deduce all the laws
of electromagnetics from physics.
It can be considered that the establishment of this scientific theory of electromagnetics has laid
a solid foundation for the establishment of a unified field theory. Consequently, the
establishment of unified field theory is inevitable.
THE MAGNETIC FIELD IS AN ELECTRIC FIELD CONTRACTING IN MOTION
Magnetic field is not real substance
There is an electrified body on the train moving at velocity V. The observer on the train
concludes that there is only an electrostatic field around this electrified body; but the observer
on the ground sees that this electrified body is moving at velocity V along with the train. He
believes that the moving electrified body is a current, and the current will inevitably generate
a magnetic field. Therefore, he concludes that in addition to the electrostatic field around this
moving electrified body, there must also be a magnetic field. If the magnetic induction intensity
at point K near the electrified body is B, then the observer moving at a velocity of 2V will think
that the electrified body moves at -V and the magnetic induction intensity at point K must be -
B. Obviously, all observers with different velocities of motion necessarily think that the
magnetic induction intensity B at point K is completely different.
It is well known that the existence of real substance has nothing to do with the motion state of
the observer, which is the fundamental attribute of real substance. However, the existence and
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size of the above magnetic field are closely related to the observer, which means that the
magnetic field does not conform to the basic characteristics of real substance. This also means
that the magnetic field is not a real substance. As mentioned above section of Introduction, the
velocity of motion of the magnetic field can be infinite, which further proves that the magnetic
field cannot be a real substance.
The magnetic field is an electric field being in motion
Magnetic field is not only widely used in physics, but also has important application value in
many science majors, so it is necessary to retain the concept of magnetic field. However, to
retain the concept of magnetic field, it is necessary to retain the basic framework that the
current generates magnetic field. How to abandon the non-material components of the
magnetic field and give new practical meaning to magnetic field science while retaining this
basic framework?
Current is the motion of an electrified body. There is an electric field around the electrified
body. The motion of the electrified body will inevitably drive the electric field around it to move
together. Therefore, if we assume that the motion of electric field around the electrified body
generates a magnetic field, we can retain the basic framework that the current generates
magnetic field while give a new meaning to the magnetic field science. So, the electric field in
motion is the magnetic field. What is the fundamental difference against the magnetic field
generated by current?
1. As mentioned above, the view that current generates a magnetic field cannot explain the
physical cause of magnetic field generation thus is an anti-scientific view of action at a
distance; the electric field in motion is the magnetic field, that is, there is a macroscopic
electron motion in the current-carrying wire, the electron motion will inevitably drive
the common motion of the electric field around it. The electric field of this motion is the
magnetic field, which explains the physical cause of magnetic field generation.
2. The view that the current generates magnetic field regards the magnetic field as an
independent real substance, so different observers have fundamentally different views
on the size and direction of the magnetic field. This absurd view violates the basic
attribute that the existence of real substance is independent of the observer. The view
that the electric field in motion is the magnetic field means that the magnetic field is a
physical quantity that expresses the motion of the electric field. That is to say, the
magnetic field considered by observers with different motions is only the different
motions of the real substance electric field, just as different observers see motions of a
train differently. This does not violate the basic attribute of real substance.
3. The view that current generates magnetic field regards the magnetic field as a real
substance. Therefore, there is a misjudgment that the velocity of motion of the magnetic
field far away from the magnet can be faster than the velocity of light when the magnet
rotates. The view that the magnetic field is the electric field in motion can eliminate this
defect. This is because the electric field around the electron does not rotate when the
electron rotates, which means that the electric field only moves and does not rotate, that
is, there is no rotating electric field, so there is no rotating magnetic field.
4. All the laws accompanying the view that current generates magnetic field cannot make
the necessary physical explanation. Meanwhile, the view the magnetic field is the electric
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Yao, K. (2021). The Unification of Gravitational Field and Electromagnetic Field. European Journal of Applied Sciences, 9(5). 272-288.
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/aivp.95.10969
field in motion can make a scientific physical explanation of all the fundamental laws of
electromagnetics and can be deduced and proved mathematically.
The formula for calculating magnetic field
According to the experimental results published by electromagnetics, the magnetic induction
intensity B is proportional to the current, and the current is the product of the electric quantity
Q of the electrified body and its velocity of motion V. Since the electric field intensity E of the
electric field generated by the electrified body is proportional to the electric quantity Q, B must
be proportional to the product of . It can also be seen from the experimental results that B
is perpendicular to V and E. Therefore, we can determine that the calculation formula of the
magnetic induction intensity B should be , where P is a proportional constant, and
the data in electromagnetics can be used to determine . From this, the
calculation formula of the magnetic induction intensity can be obtained:
(1)
Deduction and proving of Biot-Savart law
In order to comply with the provisions of the law, the following deduction is on the basis that
the current is the flow of positron.
Figure 1 Magnetic field of current element
Figure 1. Set the line charge density of the positron per unit length of the wire as , then the
electric quantity in the segment of the wire is , according to Coulomb's law, the
electric field intensity of at point P in the figure should be:
(Unit vector in r0-r direction)
V represents the velocity of motion of positrons, and then, according to the formula (1),
magnetic induction intensity at point P
V E!
B VE = P ́
2 P 1C = 0 0 e μ =
Idl
t
dl d d Q l = t
dQ
0 0 2
1
C
B VE VE = e μ ́ = ́
2 2 0 0
0 0
1
4 4
dQ dl d
r r
t
pe pe
E rr = =
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Substitute into the above formula to obtain
Obviously, this formula is the Biot-Savart law
The electric field contracts in length in the direction of motion
It is pointed out according to the special theory of relativity that, when an object moves at a
velocity V, the length of the object in the V direction will contract as Since
the electric field is a real substance, the electric field necessarily contracts in length in the
direction of motion. Under the condition of a constant electricity amount, the density of the
electric field is inversely proportional to the length while the electric field intensity is
proportional to the density, that is, inversely proportional to the length. It can be seen that when
the electric field is stationary, the field intensity at a certain point is E, then when the electric
field moves at a velocity V, the field intensity E at a certain point necessarily increases as:
(2)
If the distance between any two lines is , the angle between the E line and the horizontal line
is , and the distance between the intersection points of the two E lines and the horizontal line
is , then . If the electric field is moving in a horizontal direction with a velocity V,
then will contract as
according to formula (2), then,
This calculation formula shows that the contraction of is only related to the velocity V, and is
not related to the angle between E and V. That is to say, when the electric field moves at a
velocity V, regardless of the motion direction of the electric field:
The E of the electric field in motion must contract to , so E in formula (1) should be represented
by , but all the velocity of motion V of the electrons in the current is much smaller than the
velocity of light C, can be regarded as equal to 1, that is, it is believed that , namely the
formula (1) of Biot-Savart law still holds.
The electric energy of an electric field in motion
In a static space, it is assumed that the electric field energy per unit volume of electrons in space
can be expressed as positive energy , the electric field energy per unit volume of positrons
00 0 0 0 2
0 4
B V E= V r dl d d
r
t
μ e e μ
pe = ́ ́
0 0 2 4
V r dl
r
t
μ
p = ́
V I = t 0
2 0 4
B Ir dl d
r
μ
p = ́
2 2 E E VC ¢ = 1-
d 22 22
0 0 d d d VC d VC ¢ ¢ = sin sin 1 1 q q = - = -
q
2 2 EE VC ¢= 1-
E¢
E¢
2 2 1-V C
E E ¢=
2
0 w e= E 2 +
2
0 w e -= - 2 E
0l
q
ww w = =0 + + -
2 2
0 ll VC = 1-
0 d
q
0 d d d= sinq
2 2 d d VC ¢= 1-