Page 1 of 14
Archives of Business Research – Vol. 10, No. 10
Publication Date: October 25, 2022
DOI:10.14738/abr.1010.13227. Biscocho, V. R., & Nabe, N. C. (2022). A Prediction Model on Personal Perspective in Relation to Self-Efficacy and Work Values of
Corrections Officers. Archives of Business Research, 10(10). 39-52.
Services for Science and Education – United Kingdom
A Prediction Model on Personal Perspective in Relation to Self- Efficacy and Work Values of Corrections Officers
Victor R. Biscocho
Professional Schools, University of Mindanao, Philippines
Nestor C. Nabe
College of Criminal Justice Education
University of Mindanao, Philippines
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to determine a model from the personal perspective
of correctional officers in Davao Prison and Penal Colony Region XI as influenced by
self-efficacy and work values. The instrument used in this study was a customized
survey questionnaire but modified to contextualize the regional settings applied to
299 Correction Officers using a stratified sampling technique. Data collection was
an electronic survey via google forms. Means and Pearson r were used as statistical
tools. The results show very high levels of self-efficacy, work values, and personal
perspectives. It also showed a significant correlation between self-efficacy, work
values, and personal perspectives. In addition, all variables had a significant impact
on individual perspectives. Of the variables, self-efficacy has the greatest impact on
an individual's perspective.
Keywords: criminal justice, quantitative, non-experimental study design, self-efficacy,
work values, personal perspective, Philippines
INTRODUCTION
Correctional officers have the part to administer and oversee prisoners. These professionals
are moreover called jail guards, prison guards, or corrections officers. They're mindful of
keeping up the order in detainment offices and keeping detainees secure. As a jail guard, you
will be required to halt battles between prisoners, review their cells, survey their mail, and
secure your colleagues from detainee attacks (Trounson, Pfeifer, & Critchley, 2016). Motivation
is one of the indicators of personal perspective. Problems arise as to how to sustain the
corrections officer's motivation for organizational reform. Thus, prison officers need to be
equipped with the ability to accept organizational change to ensure the change process can run
well and the objectives of the organization can be fulfilled (Lubis, Asmawi & Tunas, 2018).
Given that everyone has a unique viewpoint on the world and addresses problems in life, it is
important to comprehend personal perspective to understand human behavior (Aytac, Aca &
Dursun, 2015). Further, anything we see, or feel isn't necessarily the same because it truly is. It
is because what we hear is not what is truly said, but what we perceive as being said. Hence, it
is through perception, we can discover out why one person finds a work fulfilling whereas
another one may not be fulfilled with it. Similarly, personal perception is very important for the
manager/supervisor who needs to maintain strategic distance to avoid making mistakes in
Page 2 of 14
40
Archives of Business Research (ABR) Vol. 10, Issue 10, October-2022
Services for Science and Education – United Kingdom
managing people and events in the workplace. The problem is compounded by the fact that
different people see the same situation in unexpected ways. To get along with subordinates,
managers need to validate their perceptions. To successfully deal with subordinates,
supervisors need to legitimately capture subordinates' perceptions (Fiske and Taylor, 2013).
There have been studies exploring how work values and self-efficacy affect individual
viewpoints. It has been established that intrinsic motivation plays a significant role in this
relationship, acting as a partial mediator between occupational self-efficacy and work
performance (Etin & Aşkun, 2018). A person's work behavior and job choice are also
determined by their values at work. In other words, an individual's behavior at work, including
job performance, is influenced by their work values (Chuang & Li , 2002; Liao, Lu, Huang &
Chiang, 2012; Liu, Huang & Dai, 2006). Self-efficacy is important because it is defined as
"confidence in one's capacity to establish and perform the course of accomplishment essential
to achieve a specified outcome." It is the idea that someone can control the success or failure of
actions to achieve a goal (French, 2015).
It is in the above context that the researchers want to determine the impact of self-efficacy and
work values on corrections officers' personal perspectives. As such, they are concerned that
beneficiaries may view this research as a valuable tool for finding possible solutions to related
problems. Through extensive readings of various kinds of literature, the researcher found out
significant evidence about the influence of self - efficacy and work values on personal
effectiveness among correction officers (Choudhary, 2016; Hao et al., 2015; Osabiya, 2015;
Pravamayee, 2014; Shaban et al., 2017). However, most of these studies are bivariate. The
present study is multivariate with two independent variables, namely, self-efficacy and work
values, and personal perspective as the dependent variable. Thus, the need to conduct the
study.
The main objective of the study is to find out the model of self-efficacy and work values on
personal perspective among corrections officers, moreover; the study has the following specific
objectives: 1.) To describe the level of self-efficacy among corrections officers in terms of: Job
satisfaction, Job performance and Self-concept; 2.) To describe the level of influence on work
values among corrections officers in terms of: Work attitude, Work environment and
Leadership style; 3.) To determine the level of personal perspective among corrections officer
in terms of: Personality, Psychological empowerment and Motivation; 4.) To determine the
significance of the relationship between self-efficacy, work values and personal perspective
among corrections officer; 4.) To determine what domains in self-efficacy and work values
significantly influence the personal perspective among corrections officers.
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Self – efficacy (SE)
Self-efficacy is the mechanism for describing and predicting one's thoughts, feelings, and
behaviors, and for organizing and implementing courses of action to achieve set goals. It doesn't
really matter what skills and abilities people have. It is believed that it is important that an
individual believes that they can do whatever they do through the skills and capabilities they
possess. The way people feel, think and act may change through self-efficacy. In general, self- efficacy serves as a self-regulatory function by providing individuals with the capability to
Page 3 of 14
41
Biscocho, V. R., & Nabe, N. C. (2022). A Prediction Model on Personal Perspective in Relation to Self-Efficacy and Work Values of Corrections Officers.
Archives of Business Research, 10(10). 39-52.
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/abr.1010.13227
influence their own intellectual processes and manners, thereby changing their atmosphere
(Jaiswal, & Dhar, 2015).
Furthermore, how people feel, think, motivate, and act is determined by self-efficacy. It is
believed that human motivation, happiness, and personal achievement is determined also by
self-efficacy. This is because when faced with adversity, people have little incentive to act or
persevere unless they believe their actions will bring the results they deserve (Lee & Mao,
2016). Much empirical evidence supports Bandura's claim that beliefs in self-efficacy influence
nearly every aspect of people's lives, including productive thinking, self-destructive thinking,
and doubt. The productive thinking, self-destructive thinking, and doubt of a person is believed
that the self-efficacy influenced that is Bandura’s claims. It also includes how optimistic a
person is, how motivated they are, how they deal with stress and depression in their lives, and
the choices they make in life. Bandura's theory identifies four main characteristics of human
agency: intentionality, foresight, self-reactivity, and introspection (Blasco, Guijarro & de-Lema,
2018).
Work Values (WV)
Work values are a set of enduring beliefs about work. This reflects personal needs, type of work,
or personal environmental preferences. It can also direct an individual's professional behavior
and direct their goals and career decisions. Work values can influence recruitment and
retention rates, and affect willingness to work with integrity (Huang, 2015). It is suggested that
most people consider whether an organization's image and values align with themselves when
choosing a job. When they match, it is an improvement for personal and organizational
development. If not, say yes, and ensure ownership of the desired work value is considered in
the hiring process (Mashlah, 2015).
Relatively speaking, work values determine what is important to an employee and what they
want to achieve at work. Previous research has focused on general values rather than specific
job contexts. In addition, more attention was paid to the consistency of the employee's general
values with the values favored by the organization (Lin et al., 2015). It was stated that educators
and HR professionals need to be careful about whether they want to consider motivation in
ways that relate to student and staff decisions and performance. Values reflect the diverse goals
that motivate people to work, reflected in both the extrinsic value of work (work results) and
the intrinsic value of work (what people seek in their work activities). Work contexts and their
conditions are generally important to most people in any culture, and to understand what
drives people to work, examine which work values are paramount. Worth it. For this reason,
knowing what work values are prioritized is invaluable to an organization (Guo, Eccles,
Sortheix, & Salmela-Aro, 2018).
Personal Perspective (PP)
A personal perspective involves seeing one's work as meaningful if the work is self-contained
and brings personal benefits to the employee. Giving meaning to your life, giving a sense of
growth, and achieving important goals are examples of good personal perspective.
Correspondence between your personal projects and the most important aspects of your self
can predict a sense of purpose in the life experienced (Puchalska-Kamińska, Czerw, &
Roczniewska, 2019).