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Archives of Business Research – Vol. 9, No. 7
Publication Date: July 25, 2021
DOI:10.14738/abr.97.10584. Chombo, R. A., Zepeda, J. A. R., Hernández, J. A. V., & Guevara, E. M. (2021). Viability of the Creation of a University Incubator With
a View to Benefit the Rural and Indigenous Population of the State of Querétaro. Archives of Business Research, 9(7). 199-211.
Services for Science and Education – United Kingdom
Viability of the Creation of a University Incubator With a View to
Benefit the Rural and Indigenous Population of the State of
Querétaro
Rosalía Alonso Chombo
Autonomous University of Queretaro
Campus Tequisquiapan, Mexico
Jorge Adán Romero Zepeda
Autonomous University of Queretaro
Campus Concá, Mexico
Jorge Arturo Velázquez Hernández
Autonomous University of Queretaro
Campus San Juan del Río, Mexico
Epigmenio Muñoz Guevara
Autonomous University of Queretaro
Campus Qurétaro, Mexico
ABSTRACT
The objective of this work is to analyze the feasibility of creating a university
incubator (INCUERUAQ) aimed at benefiting the rural and indigenous population of
the state of Querétaro. On the one hand, INCUERUAQ would represent the
propitious scenario so that current students and those who are graduating, have the
necessary spaces in order to face and solve problems of a technical and economic
nature that may exist in their communities, always counting on the guidance of its
professors and, on the other hand, the Autonomous University of Querétaro (UAQ)
would establish a permanent link with rural and indigenous communities,
providing them with continuous advice in areas such as legal, administrative,
marketing, etc., providing for this, the necessary infrastructure that allows them to
carry out their ventures successfully, facilitating, among other things, training to
access the various sources of financing, when required. The methodology with
which it is intended to work is participatory research, whose initiation will be
marked by a diagnosis that helps to visualize how feasible this project would be, it
would also allow to devise the best incubator model to implement, in such a way
that they can be carried out in practice the pre-incubation, incubation and post- incubation periods. This article aims to reflect an advance of the initial stage of the
link, the diagnosis.
Keywords: University Incubator of Rural Companies, linkage, diagnosis.
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Archives of Business Research (ABR) Vol. 9, Issue 7, July-2021
Services for Science and Education – United Kingdom
INTRODUCTION
In the state of Querétaro, the presence of indigenous peoples Otomí, Huasteco and Pame is
recognized and it is known that the communities that form them are settled in the
municipalities of Amealco de Bonfil, Arroyo Seco, Cadereyta de Montes, Colón, Ezequiel Montes,
Huimilpan, Jalpan de Serra, Landa de Matamoros, Pedro Escobedo, Peñamiller, Pinal de Amoles,
Querétaro, San Joaquín, Tequisquiapan and Tolimán (LVIII Legislature Querétaro, 2017).
The Autonomous University of Querétaro has a presence through its university campuses,
research centers and schools of the High School in the municipalities of Corregidora, El
Marqués, Querétaro, San Juan del Río, Tolimán, Amealco, Pinal de Amoles, Arroyo Seco,
Cadereyta, Colón, Ezequiel Montes, Huimilpan, Jalpan, Landa de Matamoros, Pedro Escobedo,
Peñamiller, San Joaquín and Tequisquiapan.
The economic life of the rural environment of the state of Querétaro, especially of the
communities where the indigenous population prevails, is extremely precarious, the
Autonomous University of Querétaro has been concerned to cover almost the entire state
territory. Being a public institution that seeks to train reflective and critical professionals,
capable of understanding and transforming the reality that surrounds them and perceiving the
social, economic and political context, when its students and graduates manage to enter the job
market, they can be seen as a factor of change and will influence the development of their
communities and will make this change transcend in the region and spread throughout our
country (Pineda López, Gilio Medina, Andrade Cázares, Latapí Escalante, & Muriel Amezcua,
2017).
It is a priority that university students have all the skills that allow them to solve the problems
faced by today's society, not to mention in rural and indigenous environments, such as
inequality between men and women, protection and care of the environment , interculturality,
the way to maintain and respect the identity of indigenous communities, that is why the UAQ
in all its educational programs strives to promote theoretical and practical links, seeks that the
teaching work is developed in real settings, guides its students in problem-solving processes,
towards self-learning, in short, it tries to involve them in research projects and practice
scenarios (Pineda López, Gilio Medina, Andrade Cázares, Latapí Escalante, & Muriel Amezcua,
2017).
The creation of a university incubator whose mission and vision is oriented towards the benefit
of the rural and indigenous population, obeys to cover the guidelines of the Educational Model
of the UAQ and, at the same time, will try to satisfy the needs of the students, the teachers and
society, in other words, it will be the physical representation of social bonding, because through
it the university work will transcend, it will be the scene of research, intervention, extension of
services to communities and different social sectors (Pineda López, Gilio Medina, Andrade
Cázares, Latapí Escalante, & Muriel Amezcua, 2017)
THEORETICAL FOUNDATION
Types of incubators
It is important to first establish that an incubator will be the vehicle through which new
entrepreneurs manage to reduce risks to a minimum, project start-up costs and successfully go
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Chombo, R. A., Zepeda, J. A. R., Hernández, J. A. V., & Guevara, E. M. (2021). Viability of the Creation of a University Incubator With a View to Benefit
the Rural and Indigenous Population of the State of Querétaro. Archives of Business Research, 9(7). 199-211.
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/abr.97.10584
through the learning period (Saldaña Contreras, Ruiz Díaz, Gaona Tamez, Nahuat Arreguín, &
Muñoz Peña, 2018).
Another point of view regarding the concept of incubator is the one held by (Peña Ramírez,
Arias Mora, Serafim da Silva, & Goncalves do Amaral, 2019), they say that they are "entities that
are dedicated to supporting other companies in the initial development or business growth”
and which are the vehicle through which universities transmit technology to the productive and
business sector.
For the purposes of this study, it is taken into consideration that traditional, intermediate
technology and high technology incubators will be found on the market.
Traditional incubator, this represents an average follow-up time of three months, it is aimed at
small businesses, such as pharmacies, tortilla shops, beauty parlors, etc., the requirements of
this type of business are considered basic, it can be developed in three times, prior to the start
of the undertaking, accompaniment during the execution of the undertaking and subsequent
monitoring (Saldaña Contreras, Ruiz Díaz, Gaona Tamez, Nahuat Arreguín, & Muñoz Peña,
2018).
Intermediate technology incubator, it can be applied to businesses in which a productive
process intervenes, or they have technological innovation, where it is necessary to manage
knowledge, in order to maintain a competitive advantage, they are generally linked to research
centers, universities or large companies (Saldaña Contreras, Ruiz Díaz, Gaona Tamez, Nahuat
Arreguín, & Muñoz Peña, 2018).
High technology incubator, is aimed at companies that design software, computing, specialized
in information and communication technologies, robotics, etc., the support will be provided by
highly specialized entities, as they require infrastructure and periods of up to two years to start
his path independently (Saldaña Contreras, Ruiz Díaz, Gaona Tamez, Nahuat Arreguín, & Muñoz
Peña, 2018).
It is true that, through the first two modalities, the traditional incubator and the intermediate
technology one, is where it would be considered a propitious field for INCUERUAQ to locate its
target population, given its characteristics of rural and indigenous environment, however,
other options could also be explored, such as those mentioned below.
Network incubators
An extremely effective way for rural and indigenous enterprises to reach their full potential
would be to embed them in an organized system, that is, to allow them to spread their influence
through knowledge sharing.
An incubator will allow the nascent company to be more competitive in the market in which it
operates, when it manages to create value through coordinated work in a network system, this
will benefit it as it will be integrated into an entrepreneurial ecosystem, facilitating
communication with other incubated, will have access to resources and will be able to acquire
knowledge (Peña Ramírez, Arias Mora, Serafim da Silva, & Goncalves do Amaral, 2019).